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immediate研究生学术综合英语补充课文的原文翻译和习题答案

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2021-01-21 13:13
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ene-immediate

2021年1月21日发(作者:ox是什么意思)
Lesson One
Spell of the Rising Moon
I. READING COMPREHENSION
A. Answer
the
following
questions
or
complete
the following statements.
1.
D
(But
it
is
the
drama
of
the
moonrise
that
I
come
to
see.
For
that
restores
in
me
a
quiet
and
clarity
that
the
city
spends
too
freely.)
2.
D
(
There
have
been
broad,
confident
harvest
moons
in
autumn;
shy,
misty moons in spring; lonely, white winter moons rising into the
utter silence of an ink- black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons
over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my
heart and then calmed my soul.)
3. C (To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as
heartbeat.
They
knew
that
every
29
days
it
became
full-bellied
and
brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was reborn. They knew
the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each
succeeding
sunset.
They
knew
the
waning
moon
rose
later
each
night
until it vanished in the sunrise.)
4. B (Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the
full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but
to stare back at its commanding presence.)
5. B (I learned about its gifts one July evening in the mountains.
My car had mysteriously stalled, and I was stranded and alone.)
6. B (To watch the moon move inexorably higher is to find an unusual
stillness within ourselves.)
7. D (On that July night, I watched the moon for an hour or two, and
then
got
back
into
the
car,
turned
the
key
in
the
ignition
and
heard
the
engine
start,
just
as
mysteriously
as
it
had
stalled
a
few
hours
earlier.)
8. A (I return often to the rising moon. I am drawn especially when
events crowd ease and clarity of vision into a small corner of my
life.)
9. A (Of Beethoven's
Lorenzo
declaims
in
The
Merchant
of
Venice,
//How
sweet
the
moonlight sleeps upon this bank! / Here will we sit and let the
sounds
of
music/Creep
in
our
ears.
I
wonder
if
their
verse
and
music,
like the music of crickets, are in some way voices of the moon.)
10. A (The whole passage.)
B

Global understanding and logical structures
Complete the following notes with the information, from the text:
1. The author often climbs the hill near his home at night to watch
the
drama
of
the
moonrise
because
it
can
restore
in
him
a
quiet
and
clarity that the city spends too freely.
1

2. To the author the different mood and color of the moon are:
A. In autumn: broad, confident harvest
B. In spring: shy, misty
C. In winter: lonely, white
D. In summer: smoke-smudged orange
3. A. To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as
heartbeat.
B. To contemporary people live indoors few can say what time the
moon will rise tonight.
C. But if we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, we are helpless
but to stare back at its commanding presence.
4. The moon has gifts to bestow upon those who watch it:
Example:
One
July
evening
in
the
mountains,
the
author's
car
mysteriously stalled, and he was stranded and alone.
He took the advantage to watch the moonrise for an hour or two.
When
he
got
back
into
the
car,
the
engine
started
just
as
mysteriously as it had stalled a few hours earlier.
5. Later on the author often returns to the rising moon when events
crowd ease an clarity of vision into a small corner of my life.
He listens to the sound of owls and crickets
and thinks the beautiful music and poems about the moon.
6. At moonrise, people open the vents of feeling and exercise parts
of our minds that reason locks away by day.
II. VOCABULARY
A. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the
following sentences.
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B
B.
Choose
the
best
word
or
expression
from
the
list
given
for
each
blank.
Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where
necessary.
1. swoop 2. cricket 3. smudged 4. Stalled 5. tugs at
6.
stay
clear
of

7.
slipped
into

8.
crowded
into

9.
loom
up
10. stranded
III. CLOZE
1.
just
as

2.
permanent

3.
depend
on

4.
phase

5.
shadow
6. Resembling 7. lunar 8. closer 9. illuminated 10. waning
IV. TRANSLATION
Put the following parts into Chinese.
V. ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION
1. How does the author describe the moonrise? Is it the same as you see
it?
The
sun
had
set,
and
I
was
watching
what
seemed
to
be
the
bright-orange
glow of a forest fire beyond a ridge to the east. Suddenly, the ridge
itself seemed
to
burst
into
flame. Then,
the rising moon, huge and
red
2

and
grotesquely
misshapen
by
the
dust
and
sweat
of
the
summer
atmosphere,
loomed up out of the woods.
Distorted
thus
by
the
hot
breath
of
earth,
the
moon
seemed
ill-tempered and imperfect
……

But
as
the
moon
lifted
off
the
ridge
it
gathered
firmness
and
authority.
Its
complexion
changed
from
red,
to
orange,
to
gold,
to
impassive
yellow.
It
seemed
to
draw
light
out
of
the
darkening
earth,
for
as
it
rose,
the
hills and valleys below grew dimmer. By the time the moon stood clear
of the horizon, full chested and round and the color of ivory, the
valleys were deep shadows in the landscape
……

The
drama
took
an
hour.
Moonrise
is
slow
and
serried
with
subtleties


2. Moonrise is a natural phenomenon. The main part of this essay is the
description
of
it
full
of
the
author's
emotions
and
thoughts
associated
with
it.
Pick
out
the
author's
most
beautiful
descriptions
with
similes,
metaphors and personification.
From this hill I have watched many moons rise. Each one had its own
mood. There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn, shy,
misty
moons
in
spring;
lonely,
white
winter
moons
rising
into
the
utter
silence
of
an
ink-black
sky
and
smoke-smudged
orange
moons
over
the
dry
fields
of
summer.
Each,
like
fine
music,
excited
my
heart
and
then
calmed
my soul.
(And others referring to the first question.)
3. One July evening in the mountains, the author's car mysteriously
stalled,
and
he
was
stranded
and
alone,
but
after
watching
the
moonrise
for an hour or two
the engine
started mysteriously
again. Do you
think
it was the spell of the rising moon

Open.
4. We Chinese often associated the full moon with family reunion, our
hometown and
our
motherland if
we are
abroad. Can you tell what
people
do
when
we
Chinese
celebrate
the
festivals
associated
with
the
moon
such
as the Lantern Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival? And why?Open.
5.
Find
out
the
famous
Chinese
poems
about
the
moon,
and
try
to
translate
the following poem into English.
李白诗一首

床前明月光,
Before my bed
There is bright moonlight
疑是地上霜.
So that it seems
Like frost on the ground.
举头望明月,
Lifting my head
I watch the bright moon,
低头思故乡。
Lowering my head
I dream that I'm home.
Another poem for reference:
李白词一首

秋风清,秋月明
The autumn wind is light
3

The autumn moon is bright;
落叶聚还散
Fallen leaves gather but then disperse,
寒鸦栖复惊
A cold crow roosts but again he stirs;
相思相见知何日
I think of you, and wonder when I'll see you again?
此时此夜难为情
At
such
an
hour,on
such
a
night,cruel
is
love's
pain.

Translation of the Text
月亮升起来

彼得·斯坦哈特



我家附近有座小山。晚上,我常爬上山去。


此时,
城市的 喧嚣成了遥远的低语。
在这黑夜的静谧中,
我可以尽情分享蟋
蟀的欢乐,
感受 猫头鹰的自信。
可我上山是来看月出的,
因为这可以让我重新得
到在城市中失去的宁静 与清新。


在这座山上,
我已欣赏过许多次月亮升起的景象。
每一次月的姿容脾性都有
所不同。秋天,满月如轮,充满自信;春天,月亮灰蒙蒙,羞羞答答;冬天, 银
白的月亮挂在漆黑的、悄无声息的夜空中,显得那般孤寂;夏天,橘黄的月似被
烟尘笼罩,俯 瞰干燥的田野。每一种月亮,都像美妙的音乐,震动我的心灵,令
我的灵魂平静。


观月自古有之。
在远古的猎人眼里,
月亮如同心跳一样准确无误。
他们知道< br>每
29
天,月亮都要变得明亮饱满,然后萎缩、消失,然后又再复活;他们知道,
月盈期间,
每经一次日落,
头顶的月亮就会显得更高更大;
他们还知道月亏期间,< br>月亮每晚都要迟迟升起,
待到日出才落。
他们竟能从经验中了解到月亮的行踪变
化,真可谓心深意广。


但我们这些人却因深居室内,
与月亮失去了 联系。
城市炫目的街灯、
污浊的
烟尘掩盖了夜晚的天空。
虽然人类已在月亮上 行走过,
但月亮对于我们却更加陌
生了。有几人能说得出今晚月亮会几时升起。


但无论怎样,
月亮依旧牵动我们的心灵。
倘若我们偶尔遇见一轮黄灿 灿的满
月高悬中天,
谁都会禁不住停下来凝神仰望她尊贵的姿容。
而月亮也向注视她的
人赐予厚礼。


我了解到她的馈赠是在山间七月的一个夜晚。
我的车突然熄火,
将我孤身一
人网在山中。
太阳已经西沉,
我看见东边山头 涌出一团橘红色的明光,
好像森林
起火一般,俄而山头自己也似乎迸出火焰,一会儿,大大的月 亮涨红着脸,从密
林中鬼魅似地钻了出来,夏天空气中弥漫的尘雾与汗气把它变得丑陋不堪。


大地灼热的呼吸扭曲了它,
它变得格外暴噪,
不再完美。
附 近农舍的狗紧张
地狂吠起来,以为这团奇怪的光亮叫醒了野草中的魔鬼。

< br>然而当月亮缓缓升起,离开山头,它变得坚定、威严;它的面孔也由红变成
了橘红,
又变 成金色,
最后是平静的明黄色。
它似乎从渐暗的大地中吸取了光明,
因为随着它的升起 ,
下面的丘陵山谷愈来愈黯淡朦胧。
待到皓月当空,
满月如盘,
闪烁着象牙般 乳白的清辉,
山谷便成了风景中一片片幽深的阴影。
那些狗明白了
那团光原是它们熟悉 的月亮,也安定下来,停止了吼叫。霎时间,我也觉得信心
倍增,心情舒畅,近乎笑了起来。


这奇特的景观持续了一个小时。月出是缓慢的,充满神奇。观看月出,我们
4

得回到过去那种对时间的耐心中去。
观看月亮不可阻挡地升到空中就能让我们内心安宁,
我们的神思能让我们看到宇宙的广漠和大地的宽阔,
能让我们忘掉自己。
我们觉得自身渺小,却又深感大自然的厚待。


月色下,
我们看不到 生活中坚硬的棱角。
山坡在月光下如同笼上了柔和的轻
纱,
一片银白;
海水在 月光下碧蓝而静谧;
我们在月光下也不再像白日那般精于
算计,而是沉醉于自然的情感中。

这个时候,
奇特的事发生了。
在那个七月的夜晚,
我 看了一两个小时的月景
后,回到车中,转动钥匙点火,发动机居然响了起来,就像几个小时前熄火那般< br>突然而神秘。我驱车沿着山路回家,肩上披着明月,心灵一片宁静。


后来我常回到山上观月,
尤其是在接踵而来的事使我身心疲惫、
头晕眼花时。
这种境况 经常发生在秋天,
这时我就登上那座小山,
守候猎人的月亮出现,
等着
那金色 的圆月俯照大地,为黑夜带来光明。


一只猫头鹰自山头俯冲下来,
静悄悄地如一团火焰闪过,
一只蟋蟀在草丛长
鸣。
我想起了诗人和音乐家,
想 起了贝多芬的
“月光奏鸣曲”
和莎士比亚笔下
《威
尼斯商人》
中洛伦 佐的话:
“月光沉睡在这岸边多么轻柔
!
/我们要坐在这里让音
乐之声/潜入 我们的耳内。
”我不知道他们的诗篇与音乐,连同蟋蟀的歌声,是
否都可算作月的声音。
想到这些,
我那些城市化的昏乱心绪也融化在了夜的幽静
之中。


恋人和诗人在夜里能找到生活更深刻的意义。
其实我们都爱问一些深刻的问
题——我们 的祖先是什么?我们的命运在哪里?我们不喜欢那些统治着白天世
界的刻板的几何教科书,
都愿 意沉溺于永远找不到答案的谜团中。
在夜里,
我们
都成了哲人和神秘主义者。


月出之时,
当我们放慢自己的思想,
让它跟随天围的脚步,
一种心醉神迷的
感觉就会流遍全身。
我们会打开情感的窗口,
会让白天被理智锁住的那 部分思绪
尽情奔涌。
我们有越过遥远的时空,
听见远古猎人的低语,
再次看到 很久以前的
恋人与诗人眼中的世界。










5

Lesson Two
Ethics and Competitiveness
Preparing to Read
Tips for the teacher
The text is about ethics in business; hence the purpose of this
exercise is to let the students understand how important ethics is in
doing business. The teacher can adopt several steps achieving the aim.
First, let the students talk about the various businesses that involve
ethics.
Second,
let
the
students
understand
the
dangers
of
illegal
business practices in American or Chinese corporations, so that the
students' interest in the text will be aroused.
Background Information
1
.
Introduction to the author and the text
: John F. Akers, born on 28
Dec. 1934 chairman and CEO of IBM 1985-1993.
A
graduate
of
Yale,
Mr.
Akers
joined
IBM
in
1960
as
a
sales
trainee
in San Francisco following active duty as a Navy carrier pilot. After
various marketing assignments, he was named president of the Data
Processing Division, then IBM's largest domestic marketing unit, in
1974 at age 39. He became a vice president in 1976, a senior vice
president in 1982 and president in 1983. This article
competitiveness - putting first things first
1989 in Sloan Management Review, winter, 69-71.
2. American Education System:

Most Americans attend twelve years of
primary and secondary school. With a secondary school
diploma
or
certificate,
a
student
can
enter
college,
university,
vocational
(job
training)
school,
secretarial
school,
and
other
professional schools.
Primary
and
Secondary
School:
Begins
around
age
six
for
U.S.
children. They attend five or six years of primary school. Next they
go
to
secondary
school,
which
consists
of
either
two
three-year
programs or a three-year and a four-year program. These are called

school
or

high
school
and

high
school
(often
just called “high s
chool
primary and secondary school the first through twelfth
Higher
Education:
After
finishing
high
school
(twelfth
grade),
U.S.
students
may
go
on
to
college
or
university.
College
or
university
study
is known as
“higher education.
find out which level of
education
in
your
country
corresponds
to
the
twelfth
grade
in
the
U.S.A.
You also should ask your educational advisor or guidance counselor
whether
you
must
spend
an
extra
year
or
two
preparing
for
U.S.
admission.
In
some
countries,
employers
and
the
government
do
not
recognize
a
U.S.
education if a student entered a U.S. college or university before he
6

or she could enter university at home.
3.
Henry
Wadsworth
Longfellow
(1807-1882):

American
poet,
one
of
the
most
popular
and
celebrated
poets
of
his
time.
Born
in
Portland,
Maine
(then
in
Massachusetts), Longfellow
was educated at Bowdoin College. After
graduating
in
1825
he
traveled
in
Europe
in
preparation
for
a
teaching
career. He taught modern languages at Bowdoin from 1829 to 1835. In
late 1835, during a second trip to Europe, Longfellow's wife, Mary
Storer
Potter,
died
in
Rotterdam,
the
Netherlands.
Longfellow
returned
to
the
United
States
in
1836
and
began
teaching
at
Harvard
University.
In 1843 he remarried, to Fanny Appleton. After retiring from Harvard
in 1854, Longfellow devoted himself exclusively to writing. He was
devastated when in 1861 his second wife was burned to death in a
household accident. He commemorated her shortly before his own death
with
the
sonnet

Cross
of
Snow
(1879).
In
1884
a
bust
of
Longfellow
was
placed
in
the
Poets'
Corner
of
Westminster
Abbey
in
London;
he
was
the first American to be thus honored.

《人生颂》

A Psalm of Life
——年青人的心对歌者说的话

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
朗费罗


不要在哀伤的诗句里告诉我:

Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
“人生不过是一场幻梦!



灵魂睡着了,就等于死了,

For
the
soul
is
dead
that
slumbers,
事物的真相与外表不同。

And
things
are
not
what
they
seem.
人生是真切的!人生是实在的!

Life is real! Life is earnest!
它的归宿决不是荒坟;

And the grave is not its goal;
“你本是尘土,必归于尘土”



thou
art,to
dust
returnest,
这是指躯壳,不是指灵魂。

Was not spoken of the soul.
我们命定的目标和道路

Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,
不是享乐,也不是受苦;

Is our destined end or way;
而是行动,在每个明天

But to act, that each to-morrow
都超越今天,跨出新步。

Find us farther than to- day.
智艺无穷,时光飞逝;

Art
is
long,
and
Time
is
fleeting,
这颗心,纵然勇敢坚强,

And our hearts, though stout and
也只如鼙鼓,闷声敲动着,

brave,
一下又一下,向坟地送丧。

Still,
like
muffled
drums,
are
世界是一片辽阔的战场,

beating
人生是到处扎寨安营;

Funeral marches to the grave.
莫学那听人驱策的哑畜,

In
the
world's
broad
field
of
做一个威武善战的英雄!

battle,
别指望将来,不管它多可爱!

In the bivouac of life,
把已逝的过去永久掩埋!

Be not like dumb, driven cattle!
行动吧
-
趁着活生生的现在!

Be a hero in the strife!
心中有赤心,头上有真宰!

Trust
no
Future,
howe'er
pleasant!
7

伟人的生平启示我们:

我们能够生活得高尚,

而当告别人世的时候,

留下脚印在时间的沙上;

也许我们有一个兄弟

航行在庄严的人生大海,

遇险沉了船,绝望的时刻,

会看到这脚印而振作起来。

那么,让我们起来干吧,

对任何命运要敢于担戴;

不断地进取,不断地追求,

要善于劳动,善于等待。

Let the dead Past bury its dead!
Act, - act in the living Present!
Heart within, and God o'evhead!
Lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime,
And, departing, leave behind us.
Footprints on the sand of time.;
Footprints,
that
perhaps
another,
Sailing o'er life's solemn main,
A
forlorn
and
shipwrecked
brother,
Seeing, shall take heart again.
Let us, then, be up and doing,
With a heart for any fate;
Still achieving, still pursuing,
Learn to labor and to wait.

Notes

8


9


10


11

ene-immediate


ene-immediate


ene-immediate


ene-immediate


ene-immediate


ene-immediate


ene-immediate


ene-immediate



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