strict(完整)初中英语比较级和最高级(2)

2021年1月21日发(作者：actv)
形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳



大多数形容词和副词有 比较级和最高级的变化，
即原级、
比较级和最高级，
用来表示事
物的等级差别 。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

规则变化

◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加
-er , -est
原级

tall
smart
short
比较级

taller
smarter
shorter
最高级

tallest
smartest
shortest
特别提醒：
以
-y,-er,
-ow,
le
结尾的双音 节形容词末尾加
er
和
est
。
如：
healthy,
funny,
busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow
等。◇以不发音的
e
结尾只加
-r
，
-st
原级

nice
fine
large
比较级

nicer
finer
larger
最高级

nicest
finest
largest


◇“以辅音字母
+y
”结尾的词改
y
为
i
，再加
-er, -est
原级

easy
pretty
happy
funny
busy
比较级

easier
prettier
happier
funnier
busier
最高级

easiest
prettiest
happiest
funniest
busiest


◇以一个元音加一个辅音 字母结尾的单音节词（即重读闭音节词），双写结尾的辅音字母，
再加
-er
，
-est
原级

slim
thin
hot
big
比较级

slimmer
thinner
hotter
bigger
最高级

slimmest
thinnest
hottest
biggest



特别提醒：
new, few, slow, clean
等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。

◇大部分双音节词和多 音节的词
(
即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词
)
，
要在前面 加

more
，
most
原级

beautiful
important
interesting
expensive
popular
比较级

more beautiful
more important
more interesting
more expensive
more popular
最高级

most beautiful
most important
most interesting
most expensive
most popular

特别提醒：以形容前缀
un
构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，

如
unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,
untidy----untidier----untidiest

◇以形容词
+ly
构成的副词要在前面加
more
，
most
原级

slowly
quickly
angrily
softly
noisily
比较级

more slowly
more quickly
more angrily
more softly
more noisily
最高级

most slowly
most quickly
most angrily
most softly
most noisily
特别提醒：
early ----earlier----earliest
◇由
ING
分词和
ED
分词演变过来的形容词
(
包括不 规则动词如
know
→
known)
只能加
more
或most
来表示它们的比较级和最高级。



原级


interesting

excited

tired

boring
比较级


more interesting

more excited

more tired

more boring

最高级


most interesting

most exciting

most
tired

most boring







不规则变化



原级

good/well
bad/badly/ill
many/much
little
far
old
比较级

better
worse
more
less
farther/further
older/elder
最高级

best
worst
most
least
farthest/furthest
oldest/eldest


特别提醒◇
further
不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下 三个词组：
further study(
进修
)further education(
继续教育
)further information (
进一步的信息
)
◇
elder
仅用于同辈之间的排行，如
: elder sister(
姐姐
) elder brother (
哥哥
)
◇
less
作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用
fe wer
。

以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容，仅供拓展之用。

◇少数单音节词前面加
more,
most
构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和
由过去分词变成的形容词。

afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored pleased---- more pleased , most pleased
◇
下
列
形
容
词
和
副
词
的比
较
级
和
最
高
级
有
两
种形
式
，
即
：
既
可
加
-er/-est
也
可
加< br>more/most






cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever

◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高

（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）

empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right,
correct, extremely ...



形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项



◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。

误：
Your English is better than me.
正：
Your English is better than mine.
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：
a little, much, even
。

以下单词也可用来修饰：
any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather
。

My sister is a little taller than me.
Their house is much larger than ours.
另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。

I
’
m three years older than he.
特别提醒：
very, quite, too
不可修饰比较级。


◇避免重复使用比较级。

误：
He is more kinder to small animals than I.
正：
He is much kinder to small animals than I.
误：
He is more cleverer than his brother.
正：
He is cleverer than his brother.
◇比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，这时需使用
other
来排除自身。

误：
China is larger that any country in Asia.
正：
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
误：
John studies harder than any student in his class.
正：
John studies harder than any other student in his class.
正：
John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.
正：
John studies harder than anyone else in his class.

◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.

◇为避免重复，我们通常用
that, those, one, ones
代替前面 出现的名词。
that
代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，
those
代替可数 名词复数。
one
既可指人又可指物，只能
代替可数名词。

The weather in China is different from that in America.
The book on the table is more interesting than that(
或
the one)on the desk.

A
box
made
of
steel
is
stronger
than
one
made
of
wood.


误：
In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.
正：
In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.

◇“否定词
+
比较级”相当于最高级。