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establish最全初中英语语法之-形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

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2021-01-21 14:21
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2021年1月21日发(作者:迷惑)
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级



.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下

(1)
符合规则的:

















e
结尾的词



辅音
+y”
结尾的词

以一个辅音字母结尾的词

多音节和部分双音节单词









直接加

-er -est



r -st

y

i
再加
-er -est







all-taller-tallest
nice-nicer-nicest
dry-drier-driest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
辅音字母双写,再加
-er -est
thin-thinner-thinnest
在词前加

more most
more delicious
most delicious
(2)
几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:







good , well
bad , ill
many , much
little
far





比较级

better
worse
more
less
farther / further
最高级

best
worst
most
least
farthest / furthest
二.形容词和副词比较级的用法


级别







比较程度

















表达方式和意义






Art is as interesting
as music.
Play as well as you
can.






As+
原级
+as
(

……
一样
)









not + so (as) +
原级
+as
(
不如
……
那样
)
English is not so
difficult as science.
She does not study so
well as I do.
Jim is older than
Luky.
I like pork better
than beef.
He is growing taller
and taller.
He studies better and
better.
The more books she
reads, the better she
understand.
Spring is the best
season of the year.
Lin Tao jumped (the)
farthest of all.















不同程度

(用于两
者比较)

比较


比较级
+than
(

……)

比较级前面可以加

much, far, even, still,
a lot, a little, a bit


比较级
+and+
比较


(越来越
……


程度加深

The +
比较级,
the
+
比较级

(越
……,

……


最高程度

(用于三
者或三者
以上)

The +
最高级
+of
(in)
(

……)


最高


副词最高级前面的

the
往往省略

注意:有些形容词,如
dead, empty, round, sure, woolen
等受本身含义
的限制,没有比较级。













例题解析



























1. He is ________ friends than I.
A. much more
B. many more
C. very more
D. too more
解析:

后面有可数名词复数时,

many
的比较级形式为
many more
修饰。

应选
B.
2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?

A. more developed
B. more developing
C. most developed
D. most developing
解析:

两者比较用比较级,

表示

发达



developed,

developing



发展中的


3

There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
A. little
B. few
C. fewer
D. less
解析:
little
不能修饰可数名词,两者比较需用比较级,

所以应选
C.
4. If you are not free today, come another day __________.

A. too
B. so
C. instead
D. yet

解析:
instead
作副词用时意为

代替,顶替



表示前面的事情没做,

而是做了后面
的事。
Instead
一般位于句首。应选
C.


5

He can't tell us ________, I think.



A. important anything
B. anything important


C. important something
D. something important.



解析 :
不定代词与形容词联用需后置,
否定句中应该用
anything
而不是< br>something.

此应选
B


6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.



A. long
B. longer
C. longest
D. the longest



解析:

定冠词
the+
序数词

+
形容词最高级


表示

第几大
……
应选
C.


7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.



A. enough bright
B. bright enough
C. brightly
D. enough brightly



解析:
enough
修饰名词时可前可后,

修饰形容词或副词时,

要后置。应选
B.


8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt.



A. luckily, badly
B. luck, hardly
C. Lucky, heavily
D. Lucky, strongly



解析:第一空修饰全句需用副词,第二空修饰形容词
hurt
也要用副词,

因此选
A.


9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.



A. close
B. open
C. closed
D., opened



解析
:
此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。

应选
C.


10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________,



A. already
B. still
C. too
D. yet



解析:
already


yet
都可用于现在完成时态。
Already
常用于肯定句,


yet
常用
与否定句。应选
D.

三.形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法


1
)和冠词连用



the
+形容词原级+
v(

)
,指一类人或物



the


形容词比较级,指两者中




的那一个,
eg. the younger of the two




a/ an
+形容词比较级
eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.




( a)

most
+形容词最高级


非常
…”

eg. a most beautiful city
( 2 )
相关结构

1)

原级比较:肯定句

as….as….,
否定句
not so / as….as….
.
2)

比较句:

比较级


than….

more (less) ….than…..

The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(
注意代词
that
的用法
)
3)

比较级+

and
+比较级



more and more
+比较级


越来越
… ”

richer and richer, more and more interesting
4)

The more….., the more…..“





…”

The more you look at the picture, the better you

will like it.








5)

比较级+
than

any other

n.
(单)

(适用于范围一致时)



















(all) other

n.
(复)



















any

n.(

)

(适用于范围不一致时)








He is taller than


any other student / all other students in his class.























any student in my class.
6)
倍数表达法。

A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.


times
表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用
twice

double.

The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)



Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

7)
more…than…
结构,其意往往是
…rather
than…
,可译为


……
而不

……”
或颠倒词序译作

与其说是
……
,不如说是
……”


That little girl is more tired than hungry.

那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。


She is more a mother than a wife

She is more of a mother than a wife.
她是贤妻,更是良母。

8) A is to B what C is to D

A

B
的关系就像
C

D
的关系





Air is to man what water is to fish.
空气

对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。

9)
no more than= only


只不过

,言其少

not more than=at most


不多于



至少
,指事实。





no more …than…


一样不





如单音节使用比较级形式





not more…than…

不比






no less than= as much as







多达





no fewer than= as many as

例:
I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里的钱只不过
5
元。


I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里的钱不多于
5
元。






He is no richer than I.
他和我一样穷。

He is no less determined than you.

他的决心不亚于你。

(no less determined than
等于

其决心不亚于你

,言其大
)

He is not less determined than you.

他的决心不比你小。

(not less determined than
等于

其决心不小于

,无言其大或小的含义
)

10)
最高级+
of/ in/ among….








He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.


四.相关词语辨析



much
A

very
修饰形容词、
副词的原级;
much
修饰比 较级;
修饰动词用
much

very much ,
eg. I very like English.(×
),
因改为:
I like English very much.
B)
表示状态的过去分词前用
very

a very frightened boy, a very tired child .
一般的情况

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