目录英文2004年高考语文试题及答案详解(全国卷1)

2021年1月21日发(作者：呕吐)
Manipulator i
s now used a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control obje
ctives often
appear often i
n industrial automati
on.
Industrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as mat
ure a technology li
ne ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate subject. Ma
nipulator appli
cation bega
n to filter int
o welding, l
ogistics, mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd ot
her i
ndustries. E
spe
cially at
high
or very low tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
hig
h
degree
of devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor inte
nsive a
spe
cts of
promoti
ng devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for m
echani
cal devi
ces. Now tur
ned
on the devel
opme
nt of the mi
croele
ctronics automati
c control
technology a
nd t
he rapi
d devel
opme
nt of the trains, the success of PLC har
dware software and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful development, now
conti
nue
s to develop as a factory a
utomation standards. Beca
use robots are g
ood devel
opme
nt of the technology makes a g
ood optimizati
on of
productive ca
pital, and robot shows t
his
uni
que a
dvantages,
such as: has g
ood com
patibi
lity, wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete, a
nd
programming that can be mastered in
a short time, so i
n the
context of industrial PLC applications be
came ubiquitous. Ma
nipulator i
n many devel
ope
d country agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of mechani
cal harve
sting large areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high- speed l
ine that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automatio
n combi
ned wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level i
s slightly low
er tha
n the inter
national. T
he de
sign is mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of consolidati
on,
understand has
some usually
didn't opport
unitie
s awarene
ss i
n worl
d range within some leadi
ng level of knowle
dge has
has m
ust awarene
ss, hope desig
ners
can i
n yihou of design i
n the
can success of usi
ng in this de
sign i
n the pr
ocee
ds
of experience 1.2 manipulator i
n bot
h at home and
abroa
d of resear
ch pr
ofile aut
omation me
cha
nical arm rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and aut
omation te
chnol
ogy of devel
opme
nt, Makes me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of ind
ustrial aut
omation a
nd shine, gradually be
came an i
ndustrial evaluati
on sta
ndar
ds, a
nd its im
portance can be see
n. Now origi
nal roboti
c arm spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As the first generation
of manipulator position control
systems main features, althoug
h not back
several generati
ons t
hat ca
n dete
ct the external e
nvironment, but ca
n still
successf
ully com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng, del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts. Se
cond generation me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors a
nd ma
nipulators hav
e the envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to use the
program as a ba
sis. Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd

2004
年全国普通高考语文试题（全国卷）

第Ⅰ卷

本试卷共
14
小题，每小题
3
分，共42
分

一、
（
18
分，每小题
3
分）

1
、下列词语加点的字读音都不相同的一组是









D
A
．唾弃








沉睡







千锤百炼







捶胸顿足

B
．憔悴









粉碎







猝不及防







出类拔萃

C
．啜泣








拾掇







缀玉连珠







苦学不辍

D
．悼念








泥淖







绰绰有余







掉以轻心

2
、下列词语没有错别字的一组









D
A
．班配








藏污纳垢







草菅人命







看菜吃饭，量体裁衣

B
．凌厉









怙恶不悛







不落巢臼







己所不欲，勿施于人

C
．懵懂








挺而走险







流言蜚语







如临深渊，如履薄冰

D
．怄气








徒有虚名







鬼斧神工







失之毫厘，谬以千里

3
、依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是









D
①岗位培训改变了旨在 学校接受教育的状况，一个人离开学校并不意味着学习的
______
。

② 由于环境污染和一些人为的原因，著名的阿尔巴斯白山羊的品质正在逐步地
________
。

③终于回到了魂牵梦萦的故乡，再次走上熟悉的大街小巷，
_______
想起许多往事。

A
．终止








蜕化







难免

B
．中止









退化







难免

C
．中止








蜕化







不免

D
．终止








退化







不免

4
、下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是









B
A
．和煦的春风带来生机 盎然的季节，学校社团的招新活动再次成为一道亮丽的风景线，
男女同学纷至沓来，踊跃报名。

B
．机场附近山顶的大量无线发射台严重影响飞行安全，目前虽有一些已搬下山，但这对
实现机场净空不过是九牛一毛。

C
．东方大学城在短短四年内就以
2.1
亿元自有资金获取了
13.7
亿元巨额利润，这种惊人
m
anipu lat
or control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e controller
s introduction 2.1 S
elect
discussion with ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1 cl
assificati
on
of control relays
and discrete ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old i
ndustrial e
qui
pment,
but also more
common. Ma
inly these tw
o relatively chea
p and you ca
n meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o contr
ol mode
s (relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot a
dapt to t
he complex l
ogic
control, (2) only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity and (3) not
reforming the sy
stem with e
qui
pment impr
ovements. S
pring for t
he development of China's modern i
ndustrial a
utomation technology the substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of industrial aut
omation, com
pleted t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of
controlling t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors; (2) the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content control is all a
bout. Now in several ways in t
he context of industrial a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2) Distri
bute
d Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1, ea
ch of the three technologi
es of origi
ns a
nd
development requirement
s for fast data processing makes it inve
nted the com
puter. The me
n brought i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h level of standardi
zation, ca
n use m
ore compatibility tool
s, is a ri
ch software resources, especially t
he ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the com
puter can effectively control i
s used to
control and meet its spee
d, on the virtua
l model
, real-time a
nd i
n computational re
quireme
nts. Distri
bute
d system started wit
h a contr
ol system for industrial a
utomatic i
nstrume
nt
use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction a
nd
distri
bution system and transiti
on
of distributed
contr
ol system in a
nalog
ue ha
ndli
ng, l
oop control,
has beg
un t
o reflect the use of a huge adva
ntage. Thoug
h distri
bute
d system has great adva
nt
ages in l
oop regulati
on,
but only as a means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay nee
ds wa
s bor
n, its main
use i
n the w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the runni
ng order of functi
ons. Marked
by the micr
oprocessor i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics technol
ogy ha
s devel
ope
d rapi
dly,
people soon microel
ectronics processing technology w
ill be
used i
n the
Programm
able
Logi
cal Controller (that is
Manipulator i
s now used a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control obje
ctives often
appear often i
n industrial automati
on.
Industrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as mat
ure a technology li
ne ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject. Ma
nipulator appli
cation bega
n to filter int
o welding, l
ogistics, mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd ot
her i
ndustries. E
spe
cially at
high
or very low tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor inte
nsive a
spe
cts of
promoti
ng devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various special cir
cumstances a
nd
under s
pe
cial
conditions
set for mechani
cal devi
ces. Now tur
ned
on the devel
opme
nt of the mi
croele
ctronics automati
c control
technology a
nd t
he rapi
d devel
opme
nt of the trains, the success of PLC har
dware software and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful development, now
conti
nue
s to develop as a factory a
utomation standards. Beca
use robots are g
ood devel
opme
nt of the technology makes a g
ood optimizati
on of productive ca
pital, and robot shows t
his
uni
que a
dvantages,
such as: has g
ood com
patibi
lity, wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete, a
nd
programming that can be mastered in
a short time, so i
n the
context of industrial PLC applications be
came ubiquitous. Ma
nipulator i
n many devel
ope
d country agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of mec
hani
cal harve
sting large areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level i
s slightly low
er tha
n the inter
national. T
he de
sign is mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of consolidati
on,
understand has
some usually
didn't opport
unitie
s awarene
ss i
n worl
d range within some leadi
ng level of knowle
dge has
has must awarene
ss, hope desig
ners
can i
n yihou of design i
n the
can success of usi
ng in this de
sign i
n the pr
ocee
ds
of experience 1.2 manipulator i
n bot
h at home and
abroa
d of resear
ch pr
ofile aut
omation me
cha
nical arm rese
arch
began Y
u 20th
cent
ury medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and aut
omation te
chnol
ogy of devel
opme
nt, Makes me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of ind
ustrial aut
omation a
nd shine, gradually be
came an i
ndustrial evaluati
on sta
ndar
ds, a
nd its im
portance can be see
n. Now origi
nal roboti
c arm spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As the first generation
of manipulator position control
systems main features, althoug
h not back
several generati
ons t
hat ca
n dete
ct the external e
nvironment, but ca
n still
successf
ully com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng, del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts. Se
cond generation me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors a
nd ma
nipulators hav
e the envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amo
unt
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to use the
program as a ba
sis. Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
的财富增长速度确实匪夷所思。

D
．很多教师和学生 都有这样的经验和体会，在考试前一定要保持轻松的心态，采用疲劳
战术和题海战术之能事倍功半。
5
、下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一句是









A
A
．我国月球探测工程将 分三步实施：一是“绕”
，即卫星绕月飞行；二是“落”
，即探测
装置登上月球；三是 “回”
，即采集月壤样品返回地球。

B
．我国第一座自主设计、自行建造的 国产化商业核电站“泰山第二核电站”的
2
号机组
核反应堆首次临界试验获得成功，将 于年内并网发电。

C
．近年来，随着经济的发展，城市的扩大，人口的猛增和甚或质 量的提高，城市垃圾不
断增加，
“城市垃圾处理”已成为环境保护的一大难题。
D
．
《地质灾害防治条例》正式确立了：
“自然因素造成的地质灾害，由各级政府 负责治理；
人为因素引发的地质灾害，谁引发谁治理”的原则。

6
、下列各句中，没有语病的一句是









C
A
．近日新区法院审结了这起案件， 违约经营的小张被判令赔偿原告好路缘商贸公司经济
损失和诉讼费三千余元。

B．美国
2003
年调整了签证政策，规定申请留学签证的申请时间要在所申请学校开学前< br>3
个月到
2
个星期内进行。

C
．最近的一项社会调 查显示，不少网络游戏带有暴力和色情内容，这无疑会严重影响青
少年的身心健康。

D
．面对有
5
名具有
NBA
打球经验的美国队，中国队并不怯阵，整 场比赛打得气势如虹，
最终以三分优势战胜对手。

二、
（
12
分，每小题
3
分）

白鹤梁

白鹤梁是一段长约
1600
米、平均宽约
15米的石梁，位于重庆市涪陵区北面的长江中，因
从前经常有许多白鹤栖息于梁上而得名。白鹤梁多数 时候隐没于江中，只有在枯水期才显
露出来。从唐代广德元年（公元
763
年）以来， 先人们以在石梁上刻石鱼的方法记录了长
江的枯水水位；石梁上还有许多诗文碑刻，也写到了石鱼出水的 时间和石鱼距离枯水线的
尺度等。
这些石鱼和碑刻是非常珍贵的水文资料，
为探索过去
1200
年以来长江上游枯水期
的发生和水量的变化规律提供了极其准确的科学依据， 因此白鹤梁被誉为“世界第一古代
水文站”
。加上白鹤梁上的题刻大多出自历代名家之手，具有 极高的艺术欣赏和保留价值，
m
anipulat
or control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e controller
s introduction 2.1 S
elect
discussion with ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1 cl
assificati
on
of control relays
and discrete ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old i
ndustrial e
qui
pment,
but also more
common. Ma
inly these tw
o relatively chea
p and you ca
n meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o contr
ol mode
s (relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot a
dapt to t
he complex l
ogic
control, (2) only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with e
qui
pment impr
ovements. S
pring for t
he development of China's modern i
ndustrial a
utomation technology the substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of industrial aut
omation, com
pleted t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of
controlling t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors
; (2) the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content control is all a
bout. Now in several ways in t
he context of industrial a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2) Distri
bute
d Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1, ea
ch of the three technologi
es of origi
ns a
nd
development requirement
s for fast data processing makes it inve
nted the com
puter. The me
n brought i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h level of standardi
zation, ca
n use m
ore compatibility tool
s, is a ri
ch software resources, especially t
he ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the com
puter can effectively control i
s used to
control and meet its spee
d, on the virtua
l model
, real-time a
nd i
n computational re
quireme
nts. Distri
bute
d system started wit
h a contr
ol system for industrial a
utomatic i
nstrume
nt use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction a
nd
distri
bution system and transiti
on
of distributed
contr
ol system
in a
nalog
ue ha
ndli
ng, l
oop control,
has beg
un t
o reflect the use of a huge adva
ntage. Thoug
h distri
bute
d system has great adva
ntages in l
oop regulati
on,
but only as a means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay nee
ds wa
s bor
n, its main
use i
n the w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the runni
ng order of functi
ons. Marked
by the micr
oprocessor i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics technol
ogy ha
s devel
ope
d rapi
dly,
people soon microel
ectronics processing technology w
ill be
used i
n the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that is
Manipulator i
s now used a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control obje
ctives often
appear often i
n industrial automati
on.
In
dustrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as mat
ure a technology li
ne ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n industrial
automation as
a separate subject. Ma
nipulator appli
cation bega
n to filter int
o welding, l
ogistics, mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd ot
her i
ndustries. E
spe
cially at
high
or very low tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get people's attenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor inte
nsive a
spe
cts of
promoti
ng devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various special cir
cumstances a
nd
under spe
cial
conditions
set for m
echani
cal devi
ces. Now tur
ned
on the devel
opme
nt of the mi
croele
ctronics automati
c control
technology a
nd t
he rapi
d devel
opme
nt of the trains, the success of PLC har
dware software and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful development, now
conti
nue
s to develop as a factory a
utomation standards. Beca
use robots are g
ood devel
opme
nt of the technology makes a g
ood optimizati
on of produ
ctive ca
pital, and robot shows t
his
uni
que a
dvantages,
such as: has g
ood com
patibi
lity, wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete, a
nd
programming that can be mastered in
a short time, so i
n the
context of industrial PLC applications be
came ubiquitous. Ma
nip
ulator i
n many devel
ope
d country agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of mechani
cal harve
sting large areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high- speed l
ine that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level i
s slightly low
er tha
n the inter
national. T
he de
sign is mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of consolidati
on,
understand has
some usually
didn't opport
unitie
s awarene
ss i
n worl
d range within some leadi
ng level of knowle
dge has
has must awarene
ss, hope desig
ners
can i
n yihou of design i
n the
can success of usi
ng in this de
sign i
n the pr
ocee
ds
of experience 1.2 manipulator i
n bot
h at home and
abroa
d of resear
ch pr
ofile aut
omation me
cha
nical arm rese
arch
began Yu 20th
cent
ury medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and aut
omation te
chnol
ogy of devel
opme
nt, Makes me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of industrial aut
omation a
nd shine, gradually be
came an i
ndustrial evaluati
on sta
ndar
ds, a
nd its im
portance can be see
n. Now origi
nal roboti
c arm spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As the first generation
of manipulator position control
systems main features, althoug
h not back
several generati
ons t
hat ca
n dete
ct the external e
nvironment, but ca
n still
successf
ully com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng, del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts. Se
cond generation me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors a
nd ma
nipulators hav
e the envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amount
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to use the
program as a ba
sis. Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
因此白鹤梁成为三峡库区唯一一处国家级文物保护单位。

白鹤 梁的表层由硬质砂岩和软质页岩组成，由于砂岩下的泥质容易被水流淘空，悬空的砂
岩体容易蹦落或翻转 ，再加上风化、船只撞击等因素，因此尽管白鹤梁的石鱼和题刻保存
尚好，但也开始出现一些环境地质灾 害。同时，白鹤梁的标高是
138
米，而三峡工程坝前
水位将达
175
米，白鹤梁在三峡工程最终竣工以后将永远沉没于水下，如此高的水位也将
使它经受不住强大的水压而 导致损坏。如何保护白鹤梁成为水利专家们心中的一件大事。

从
1994
年 起，
国家开始组织专家为保护白鹤梁出谋划策，
先后有天津大学、
长江水利委员
会、三峡建设委员会和武汉大学等提出了各种方案。天津大学的“水下博物馆”方案认为，
可以建一个 密封的椭圆形双层壳体，罩在石梁上，人们可以通过隧道进入壳体进行参观、
考察和维护。但是这一方案 技术难度大，费用高，而且被放在水下几十米深的壳体要承受
很大水压，一旦破损，就会损坏石梁，因此 被否决了。最后提交审议的石三峡建设委员会
的方案：将白鹤梁就地淤埋，等将来我们的子孙后代有能力 时再去发掘和利用，而在岸边
水位变动区仿造一个白鹤梁。

不知什么原因，向来与文 物保护工作没有接触的葛修润院士参加了专家评审会，于是他在
出差路过北京时专门去国家文物局查看了 相关资料，发现即将接受评审的惟一方案不妥，
实际没有很好地实现文物保护的初衷。葛院士在总结各方 案优缺点的基础上，结合自己丰
富的专业知识，提出了新方案。新方案与天津大学的方案类似，不同的是 天津大学采用的
是有压容器，即罩住白鹤梁的壳体要承受很大的水压，而新方案是无压容器，即把过滤后
的江水注入壳体内，使壳体内外的水压达到平衡。这样技术难度小了，费用低了，最重要
的是不 再存在毁坏石梁的危险。
2003
年
2
月
13
日，葛院士为 白鹤梁专门度身定做的“水
下宫殿”正式动工。白鹤梁也可以“永见天日”了。

7< br>、
根据文意，
下列白鹤梁被誉为
“世界第一古代水文站”
的原因，错误的一项是









D
A
．古人在石梁上刻画的石鱼，记录了
1200
年以 来长江的枯水位。

B
．石梁上许多古代诗文碑刻反映了石鱼的出水时间和距离枯水线的尺度。

C
．为探索长江上游枯水期的发生和水量变化的规律提供了极其珍贵的历史资料。

D
．石梁上反映长江的题刻大多出自历代名家之手，具有艺术欣赏和保留价值。

8
、根据文意，属于白鹤梁急需保护的理由的一项是





D
A
．白鹤梁的石鱼和诗文碑刻记载的水文资料可能会遗失。

B
．白鹤梁表层砂岩下的泥质岩容易被水流淘空，悬空的岩体容易蹦落或翻转。

C
．由于风化、船只撞击等因素，白鹤梁已出现一些环境地质灾害。

m
anipul
ator contr
ol mode a
nd
programmabl
e controller
s introduction 2.1 Sel
ect di
scussi
on wit
h mani
pulat
or control 2.1.1
classification of control rel
ays and di
screte el
ectronic
circuit ca
n control
old i
ndustrial e
qui
pment, but also more common.
Mainly these tw
o relatively chea
p
and you
can me
et the old-fashioned,
simple (or sim
ple) industrial e
qui
pment. So
he can se
e them now, however t
hese tw
o control m
ode
s (relay and
discrete ele
ctroni
c cir
cuit
s) are these fatal flaws: (1) ca
nnot ada
pt to the
compl
ex logic
control, (2) only for the curr
ent pr
oje
ct, the la
ck of com
patibility a
nd (3) not
reforming the system wit
h equipme
nt improveme
nts. Spri
ng for the
devel
opment
of Chi
na's modern i
ndustrial aut
omation technology the
substantial i
ncre
ase i
n the level
of industrial aut
omation, com
plete
d the perfect relay of the
com
puter too much. In terms of controll
ing the
computer show
ed his tw
o great adva
ntages: (1) each of
the hardware ca
n be i
nstalle
d on one or more mi
croprocessors; (2) the
official desig
ner of the
software writi
ng content
control is all a
bout. Now in
several way
s in the
context of industrial a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en in t
hree way
s: (1) Programmable
Logi
cal Control
ler (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed
Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmabl
e Logical Contr
oll
er (PLC for
short). 2.1.2
PLC a
nd t
he IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1,
each of the thre
e technologie
s of origins and devel
opme
nt requirement
s for fast data pr
oce
ssi
ng makes it inve
nted the com
puter. T
he men
brought in terms
of hardware there
, usi
ng a hig
h level of sta
ndar
dizati
on, can use m
ore compatibil
ity tools, is a rich software re
source
s, especi
ally the need for immedi
acy in
oper
ational systems. S
o the
computer ca
n effectively contr
ol is used to
control a
nd meet its spee
d, on the virtua
l model
, real-time a
nd i
n com
putati
onal re
quireme
nts. Di
stributed sy
stem started wi
th a control sy
stem for industrial a
utomatic i
nstrume
nt used
to
control, w
hereas
now it is succe
ssfully
develope
d
into industrial control
computer used a
s a ce
ntral collecti
on a
nd distribution system and transition
of distri
bute
d control sy
stem in a
nalog
ue ha
ndli
ng, loop
control, has beg
un t
o reflect the
use
of a hug
e a
dvantage. Though
distribute
d system ha
s great adva
ntages i
n loop regul
ation, but
only as a
means of conti
nuous
process control.
Optimization
of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay
needs was
bor
n, its main
use in t
he work
order
control, early
primary is repl
ace
d relay this
hulki
ng system, focused
on the switch controlling the r
unning
order
of functi
ons. Marked
by the micr
opr
oce
ssor in the e
arly 1970 of the 20th century emerge
d, micr
o-e
lectr
oni
cs technology
has developed ra
pidly,
people soon microelectr
oni
cs pr
ocessi
ng technology will
be used in t
he Pr
ogramm
able
Logical Controll
er (that is
第

3
页

共

9
页

Manipulator i
s now used a
s a industria
l robots in
use
, the
control obje
ctives often
appear often i
n industrial automati
on.
Industrial
automati
on technology
has gradually mature
d, as mat
ure a technology li
ne ha
s be
en ra
pid
development i
n indust
rial
automation as
a separate subject. Ma
nipulator appli
cation bega
n to filter int
o welding, l
ogistics, mechani
cal
processi
ng, a
nd ot
her i
ndustries. E
spe
cially at
high
or very low tem
peratures, full of poisonous gases,
high radiati
on
case, robot in
similar cir
cumstances
showed great
use a
lso
bring
s great conveni
ence to the staff. Precisely
be
cause of this robot to get people's at
tenti
on
began t
o be a
high
degree
of devel
opment. La
bor rates,
working
conditi
ons, labor inte
nsive a
spe
cts of
promoti
ng devel
opme
nt. Both at
home a
nd a
broa
d to develop the
PLC (programmable l
ogic
controller) is i
n various special cir
cumstances a
nd
under s
pe
cial
conditions
set for mechani
cal devi
ces. Now tur
ned
on the devel
opme
nt of the mi
croele
ctronics automati
c control
technology a
nd t
he rapi
d devel
opme
nt of the trains, the success of PLC har
dware software and
simulation control
win
big and succe
ssful development, now
conti
nue
s to develop as a factory a
utomation standards. Beca
use robots are g
ood devel
opme
nt of the technology makes a g
ood optimizati
on of productive ca
pital, and robot shows t
his
uni
que a
dvantages,
such as: has g
ood com
patibi
lity, wi
de availa
bility,
hardwar
e is complete, a
nd
programming that can be mastered in
a short time, so i
n the
context of industrial PLC applications be
came ubiquitous. Ma
nipulator i
n many devel
ope
d country agriculture a
nd i
ndustry has
bee
n applied,
such as t
he use of mec
hani
cal harve
sting large areas
of farmland, repeated operations
on the
high
-speed l
ine that use
s a robotic arm, a
nd so on. Toda
y, the
high level
of automation combi
ned wit
h restricti
ons
on t
he mani
pulator
devel
opment level i
s slightly low
er tha
n the inter
national. T
he de
sign is mai
nly arm weldi
ng machine
by PLC Aut
omation
control. T
his
of design let
desig
ners on in
school
by learn
of has a must of consolidati
on,
understand has
some usually
didn't opport
unitie
s awarene
ss i
n worl
d range within some leadi
ng level of knowle
dge has
has must awarene
ss, hope desig
ners
can i
n yihou of design i
n the
can success of usi
ng in this de
sign i
n the pr
ocee
ds
of experience 1.2 manipulator i
n bot
h at home and
abroa
d of resear
ch pr
ofile aut
omation me
cha
nical arm rese
arch
began Y
u 20th
cent
ury medium
-term, after years with with
com
puter and aut
omation te
chnol
ogy of devel
opme
nt, Makes me
cha
nical arm on the
Grand
stage of ind
ustrial aut
omation a
nd shine, gradually be
came an i
ndustrial evaluati
on sta
ndar
ds, a
nd its im
portance can be see
n. Now origi
nal roboti
c arm spe
nt most of mass
producti
on a
nd
use
on the production line,
whi
ch is
programmed roboti
c arm. As the first generation
of manipulator position control
systems main features, althoug
h not back
several generati
ons t
hat ca
n dete
ct the external e
nvironment, but ca
n still
successf
ully com
plete like wel
ding,
painti
ng, del
ivery as well as for materials
simple moveme
nts. Se
cond generation me
cha
nical arms are
equipped wit
h sensors a
nd ma
nipulators hav
e the envir
onme
nt there is a
certain amo
unt
of
hen the mechani
cal arm is to use the
program as a ba
sis. Difference is that t
he robot bega
nd
D
．白鹤梁将会承受不住三峡工程完工后高水位的强大压力。

9
、下列理解符合原文意思的一项是









C
A
．白鹤梁平时隐没在水中，每年枯水期才露出水面一次。

B
．白鹤梁上的石鱼和题刻不但出自历代名家之手，而且是珍贵的水文资料。

C
．直到三峡工程开工的时候，白鹤梁上的石鱼和题刻保存得还算完好。

D
．
“就地淤埋，岸边复制”也是保护白鹤梁的一种行之有效的方案。

10
、根据本文提供的信息，以下推断错误的一项是







D
A
．在三峡工程建成以后，即使在长江的枯水期 水库的坝前水位也将高于
13
米。

B
．天津大学的方案之所以被否决，最重要的原因是存在毁坏石梁的危险。

C
．在葛院士的方案中，人们可以进入罩在石梁上的壳体进行参观、考察和维护。
< br>D
．除了葛院士的方案，其他各单位所提出的方案都不能使白鹤梁“永见天日”
。

三、
（
12
分，每小题
3
分）

阅读下面一段文言文，完成
11-14
题

桑怿，开封雍丘人。举进 士，再不中，去游汝颍间，得龙城废田数顷，退而力耕。岁凶，
汝旁诸县多盗。怿白令：
“愿往 来里中察奸民。
”因召里中少年，戒曰：
“盗不可为也！吴在
此，
不汝容也！
”
少年皆诺。
里老父子死未敛，
盗夜脱其衣。
里老父怯，
无 他子，
不敢告县，
裸其尸，不能葬。怿闻而悲之，然疑少年王生者。夜入其家，探其箧，不使之 知觉。明日
遇之，
问曰：
“尔诺我不为盗矣，
今又盗里父子尸者，
非 尔邪？”
少年色动，
即推仆地缚之。
授郏城尉。天圣中，移渑池尉。岁余，改授永安县 巡检。枢密吏谓曰：
“与我银，为君致阁
职”
。怿曰：
“用赂得官，非我欲， 况贫无银！有，固不可也。
”吏怒。怿不甚知书，然其所
为皆合道理，多此类。始居雍丘，遭大 水，有粟二廪，将以舟载之，见民走避溺者，遂弃
其粟，以舟载之。见民荒岁，聚其里人饲之，粟尽乃止 。怿善剑及铁简，力过数人，而有
谋略。遇人常畏，若不自足。其为人不甚长大，亦自修为威仪，言语如 不出其口。卒然遇
人，不知其健且勇也。庐陵欧阳修曰：
“勇力，人所有，而能知用其勇者少矣 。若怿，可谓
义勇之士。其学问不深而能者，盖天性也。余固喜传人事，尤爱司马迁善传，而其所书皆< br>伟烈奇节士，喜读之，欲学其作，而怪今人如迁所书者何少也！乃疑迁特雄文善壮其说，
而古人未 必然也。及得桑怿事，乃知古之人有然焉，迁书不诬也，如今人固有而但不尽知
也。


（
《欧阳文忠公集·桑怿传》
）

11
、对下面句子中加点的词语解释，不正确的一项是











A
A
．岁凶，汝旁诸县多盗。





























凶：不吉利

m
anipulat
or control m
ode a
nd
programmabl
e controller
s introduction 2.1 S
elect
discussion with ma
nipulator
contr
ol 2.1.1 cl
assificati
on
of control relays
and discrete ele
ctronic
circuit
can
control
old i
ndustrial e
qui
pment,
but also more
common. Ma
inly these tw
o relatively chea
p and you ca
n meet the ol
d-fashioned,
simple (or
simple) i
ndustrial equipme
nt. So
he
can
see them now,
however t
hese tw
o contr
ol mode
s (relay and discrete ele
ctronic
circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot a
dapt to t
he complex l
ogic
control, (2) only for the
current
project, t
he lack
of com
patibi
lity and (3) not reforming the sy
stem with e
qui
pment impr
ovements. S
pring for t
he development of China's modern i
ndustrial a
utomation technology the substa
ntial increase i
n the
level of industrial aut
omation, com
pleted t
he perfect relay of the
com
puter too much.
In terms
of
controlling t
he
computer showed
his tw
o great advantage
s: (1) each of the
hardw
are ca
n be
installe
d on one
or more micr
oprocessors
; (2) the
official desig
ner of the
software writing
content control is all a
bout. Now in several ways in t
he context of industrial a
utomation ca
n often
be se
en i
n three ways: (1) Programmable Logica
l Controller (referred to as
IPC); (2) Distri
bute
d Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC a
nd t
he IPC and DCS
contrast contrast 1, ea
ch of the three technologi
es of origi
ns a
nd
development requirement
s for fast data processing makes it inve
nted the com
puter. The me
n brought i
n terms of hardware there,
usi
ng a hig
h level of standardi
zation, ca
n use m
ore compatibility tool
s, is a ri
ch software resources, especially t
he ne
ed for immedia
cy in
operational systems. So the com
puter can effectively control i
s used to
control and meet its spee
d, on the virtua
l model
, real-time a
nd i
n computational re
quireme
nts. Distri
bute
d system started wit
h a contr
ol system for industrial a
utomatic i
nstrume
nt use
d to
contr
ol, whereas now it is
successfully deve
loped int
o
industrial control
computer use
d as a
central colle
ction a
nd
distri
bution system and transiti
on
of distributed
contr
ol system
in a
nalog
ue ha
ndli
ng, l
oop control,
has beg
un t
o reflect the use of a huge adva
ntage. Thoug
h distri
bute
d system has great adva
ntages in l
oop regulati
on,
but only as a means of conti
nuous
process
contr
ol. Optimization of PLC is the
corre
sponding relay nee
ds wa
s bor
n, its main
use i
n the w
ork order control, early
primary is repla
ced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch
controlli
ng the runni
ng order of functi
ons. Marked
by the micr
oprocessor i
n the early 1970 of the 20th
cent
ury emerged, micr
o-el
ectronics technol
ogy ha
s devel
ope
d rapi
dly,
people soon microel
ectronics processing technology w
ill be
used i
n the
Programmable
Logi
cal Controller (that is