respect(新)高考英语一轮复习虚拟语气

2021年1月21日发(作者：anything)
我们一路奋战，不是为了改变世界，而是为了不让世界改变我们。

吉林省长春市实验中学

高考英语一轮复习

虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类。

1
语气
(mood)



语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2
语气的种类

a.
陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和

某些感叹句。如：

There are two sides to every question. Were you busy all day yesterday?



How good a teacher she is!
b.
祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：




Never be late again!
Don’t forget to turn off the light.

c.
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推

测等。如：

If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.
I wish I could pass the examination.
二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。

条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟 条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种
情况下谓语用陈述语气，否则就是虚拟条件句， 要使用虚拟语气。如：

If time permi
ts, we’ll go fishing together.

If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professo r.
（隐含的事实是：你昨天没
来，也没见到那位著名教授）
。

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：

动词形式

时间

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实可能相反

从句

动词过去式
(be
的过去式
用
were)
had+
动词过去分词

动词过去式

should+
动词原形

were to+
动词原形

主句

would(could/should/might)+
动词原形

wou ld(could/should/might)+h
av
e
过去分词

would(could/should/might)+
动词原形

1
．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：




If I were you, I should(would ,could, might) tell him the truth.



If she had time, she would(could, might, should) help me.
2
表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：




If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should (would, could, might) have
telephoned you.




If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t

(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.

3
表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：




If it should rain, the crops would (could, might) be saved.



---What would happen if I put the paper on the fire? ---It would burn.
三．虚拟语气的其它用法。

1
虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。


⑴

在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…”这类句型中，
that
所引
导的主语
从

句

中的谓语动词常用

“(should)+动词原形”结构，表 示某事是“重要”
，
“奇怪”
，
“自然”
，
“必要”
放弃很简单，但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！

1
我们一路奋战，不是为了改变世界，而是为了不让世界改变我们。

等意义。如：

It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English.
It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.
⑵

在“
It is suggested / advised that ---
”这类句型中，
that
所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用
“
(should) +
动词原形”结构，表示建议，命令，要求和愿望。如：

It is requested that Class Two
(should) give a performance at the English evening.
2
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。

（
1
）在动词
wish< br>后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略
连词
that
。

a.
表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行 式
(be
的过去式用
were )
表示，

I wish I knew the answer to the question.
I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.
b.
表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用
had+
过去分词。如：





I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much
time.
He wishes (wished) he hadn’t lost the
chance.
c.
表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为

“would/should /could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主
句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的 主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度
或意愿（非动作名词除外）
。如：
I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would be quiet.
（
2
）在
suggest
（建议）
, demand(
要求
), order(
命令
), propose(
建议
), insist
（坚持要做）
,
command(
命令
), request(
要求
), desire(
希望
)
等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用

“(should)+
动词原形”，表示建议，要求，命令等。如：

I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.
The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.
注：

当
suggest
表示暗示，主语为
something
；
insis t
表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句当

用真实语气。比较：

His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.

He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.
3
虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法。





当主语为
advic
e, suggestion, order, proposal
等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动

词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。如：


My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.
The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.
4.
虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法


当先行词为
advice, suggestion, order, proposal
等表示建议，命令，要求和愿望的名词时， 从句
中的谓语动词常用“
（
should
）
+
动词原形”结构。如：

The suggestion came from the manager that the new rule (should) be adopted.
5
．特殊的虚拟语气结构。

（
1
）虚拟语气用在状语从句中





由
as if
或
as though
引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语

气。动词形式用动词的过去式
(be
→
were)
或
had+
过去分词。如：




The teacher trea
ts the student as if he were her own child.



He speaks as if he had been to the United States.
（
2
）
在
It
is
time
(that)
…;句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气，
也可以用
“
should
放弃很简单，但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！

2
我们一路奋战，不是为了改变世界，而是为了不让世界改变我们。

+ do
”这一形式，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”
，如：


It is time that we did something to stop pollution.

It is time that Father should pick up Lily from the kindergarten.
⑶

在
would rather (that)
…句型中，若表示与现在或将来的事实相 违背时，谓语动词采用一般过去时，
若表示与过去事实相反时则采用过去完成时，表示“宁愿
/
希望”
。如：

I’d rather you told me the truth.

I’d rather I didn’t see you again.

I
’
d rather I hadn
’
t remembered leaving something in the toilet and gone back to find it,
or I wouldn
’
t have got lost.
（
4
）虚拟语气用在简单句中

a
情态动词的过去式用于 现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常
会话中。如：

Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
b
在一些习惯表达中。如：You’d better set off now.

I’d rather not tell you
the secret.
我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

b
用

“m ay+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时
may
须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）
。如 ：




May good luck be yours! May you be happy! May you do even better!




用动词原形。例如：




Long live the people!
“God bless you,” said the priest.

难点释疑

（一）主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气
(
错综时间条件句
)





有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生 的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据
它所表示的时间加以调整。如：

If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
（从句说明过去，主
句说明现在。
）

If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。
）

If
you
hadn’t
lent

me
some
money,
I
couldn’t
have
bought
the
new
house
and
most
likely
I
would
be still living in the dangerous house
now.
（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。
）

（二）含蓄条件句






非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来 ，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
如；


1. What would I have done without you?
(
条件暗含在分词短语
without you
中
)
2. It would be easier to do it this way.
(
条件暗含在不定式短语
to do it this way
中
)
3. This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster.
(
条件暗含在
分词短语
happening in wartime
中
)
4.
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.


(
暗含条件是
but for your
help)
5. He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great
beast.
(
暗含条件是连词
or)
6. Alone, he would have been terrified.
(
暗含条件是
alone)
（三）条件从句中省去
if
并进行不完全倒装的情况


在
if
引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，
常可以省略
if
，
将助动词
had,
were
或
should
提至句首
。
如：

Had I seen the film, I would have discussed i
t with them l
ast night.

Were I a bird, I could fly freely.


Should it rain
next week the farmers would have a good harvest.


练习

放弃很简单，但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！

3