faculty什么意思英文翻译外文文献翻译336数控机床维修技术简述

2021年1月21日发(作者：卡尔梅克)
英文翻译

]Digital machine maintenance repair techniques on digital
数控机床维修技术简述

As
electronic
technology
and
automation
technology,
digital
technology
applications
have
become
wider
to
microprocessor- based,
marked
by
LSI digital
equipment in
our
production, the introduction and promotion of the use of their
machinery
to
create
the
conditions
for
the
manufacturing
sector, and bring great benefits. But at the same time, because
of
their
advanced
nature,
complexity
and
intelligent
features
high
in
maintenance
theory,
techniques
and
tools
have
occurred in the change.
随着电子技术和自动 化技术的发展，数控技术的应用越
来越广泛，以微处理器为基础，以大规模集成电路为标志的
数 控设备，已在我国批量生产、大量引进和推广应用，它们
给机械制造业的发展创造了条件，并带来很大的 效益。但同
时，由于它们的先进性、复杂性和智能化高的特点，在维修
理论、技术和手段上都发 生了飞跃的变化。

Our
existing
maintenance
conditions
and
the
level
of
imports
and
foreign
equipment
design
and
manufacturing
technology is still a big gap. Of the underlying reasons is : the
poor
quality
of
personnel,
the
lack
of
analysis
of
digital
test
instruments,
and
several
jurisdictions
where
several
integrated
with
the
frequency
domain
analysis
techniques
to
improve
the
testing
and
so
on.
Next,
we
from
the
basic
form
with
modern
digital
systems,
digital
systems
to
explore
the
diagnosis
and
repairs.


我们现有的维修状况和水平，与国外进口设备的设计 与
制造技术水平还存在很大的差距。造成差距的原因在于：人
员素质较差，缺乏数字测试分析手 段，数域和数域与频域综
合方面的测试分析技术等有待提高等等。下面我们从现代数
控系统的基 本构成入手，探讨数控系统的诊断与维修。

Control
systems
primarily
by
bus,
CPU,
power
supply,
memory, operating panels and monitors, spaces control
modules, programmable logic controller and data entry
control
module
/
export
interfaces,
etc.. Most
system
also
includes
a
new
generation
of
digital
communications modules, it can complete facility, the
Plc internal and external data communications network
connecting
the
high.
Servo-driven
systems
include
servo-driven
devices
and
electrical.

Position
measurement
systems
used
primarily
to
the
incremental
long
raster or Yuan raster-shift coding devices.


控制系统主要由总 线、
CPU
、电源、存贮器、操作面板
和显示屏、位控单元、可编程序控制器逻辑控制 单元以及数
据输入
/
输出接口等组成。最新一代的数控系统还包括一个
通讯单 元，它可完成
CNC
、
PLC
的内部数据通讯和外部高次
网络的连接 。伺服驱动系统主要包括伺服驱动装置和电机。
位置测量系统主要是采用长光栅或圆光栅的增量式位移编
码器。

1

Position
measurement
systems
used
primarily
to
the
incremental
long
raster
or
Yuan
raster-shift
coding
devices.
digital
systems
are
the
main
features
:
high
reliability
requirements
:
Once
digital
system
malfunction
that
caused
enormous
economic

environmental
adaptability,
because
digital
systems
for
general
industrial
control
aircraft,
the work environment for the workshop environment, that it is
in
shock,
high
temperature,
humidity
and
various
industrial
sources
of
interference
environmental
conditions
capacity;
interface
circuits
complex
digital
systems
with
a
variety
of
digital
equipment
and
coordinated
external
equipment
to
handle
the
production
process
at
the
various
situations
and
adapt to technical requirements of equipment, interface circuits
and complex, and the Working frequent.
数控系统的主要特点是：可靠性要求高：因为一旦数控
系统发生故障，即 造成巨大经济损失；有较高的环境适应能
力，因为数控系统一般为工业控制机，其工作环境为车间环境，要求它具有在震动，高温，潮湿以及各种工业干扰源的
环境条件下工作的能力；接口电路复杂， 数控系统要与各种
数控设备及外部设备相配套，要随时处理生产过程中的各种
情况，适应设备的 各种工艺要求，因而接口电路复杂，而且
工作频繁。

2

modern
digital
systems
maintenance
of
the
basic
conditions
现代数控系统维修工作的基本条件

2.1
maintenance
staff
to
carry
out
essential
maintenance
work
is
good
or
bad
depends
on
the
personnel
at
the
outset.
Maintenance staff must possess the following requirements :
维修工作 人员的基本条件维修工作开展得好坏首先取
决于人员条件。维修工作人员必须具备以下要求：

(1) a strong sense of responsibility and professional ethics;
高度的责任心与良好的职业道德；

(2)
broad
knowledge,
computer
technology,
simulation
and digital circuit-based, automatic control and electrical fees,
testing
technology
and
mechanical
machining
with
a
basic
knowledge of the foreign language standards;
知识面广，掌握计算机技术、模拟与数字电路基础、自
动控制与电机拖 动、检测技术及机械加工工艺方面的基础知
识与一定的外语水平；

(3) After a good technical training, the digital master, and
Plc-driven
operating
principles,
to
CNC
programming
and
programming languages;
经过良好的技术培训，掌 握有关数控、驱动及
PLC
的工
作原理，懂得
CNC
编程和编程语言 ；

(4)
familiar
with
the
structure
of
experimental
skills
and
strong work handling capacity;
熟悉结构，具有实验技能和较强的动手操作能力；

(5) the use of various kinds of commonly used (particularly
the scene) testing apparatus, instruments and tools.
掌握各种常用（尤其是现场）的测试仪器、仪表和各种
工具。


means the maintenance requirements should

在维修手段方面应具备的条件

(1)

ready commonly used spare parts and accessories;
准备好常用备品、配件；

(2)

can be microelectronic components practical support
or supply;


随时可以得到微电子元器件的实际支援或供应；

(3)

the necessary maintenance tools, instruments, meters,
wiring, computer. Best small programming system or
programming devices to support equipment debugging;
必要的维修工具、仪器、仪表、接线、微机。最好有小型编程系统或编程器，用以支援设备调试；

(4)
complete
information,
manuals,
wiring
diagrams,
maintenance
manuals
(including
facility
operations
specification),
as
well
as
interfaces,
adjustment
and
diagnosis,
driven
specifications
Plc
Statement
(including
user
procedures
Shan PLC) components form.
完整资料、手册、线路图、维修说明书（包括
CNC
操作
说明书）以及接口、调整与诊 断、驱动说明书，
PLC
说明书
（包括
PLC
用户程序单）
，元器件表格等。

3.1 digital systems based on digital analysis of the common
failures of a system, operating principles and characteristics, in
conjunction
with
our
experience
in
the
maintenance,
parts
and
fault phenomenon common failure analysis below.
数控系统的常见故障分析根据数控系统的构成，工作原
理和特点，结合我们在维 修中的经验，将常见的故障部位及
故障现象分析如下。

(1)
This
position
is
part
of
a
digital
control
system
commands,
and
with
the
location
detection
system
feedback
value compared to further complete control of the key tasks. It is
the work of the high frequency and linked with engineered, so
prone
to
failure.
Frequent
breakdowns
are
:
First
place
-
controlled
part
report
:
measurements
may
be
open
circuit;Measurement system damage, damage to internal spaces
control
module.
Second,
not
made
on
instructions
campaign
probably
drift
too
high,
are
feedback,
a
control
module
failures;Measurement components damaged. Third measurement
components
failures,
the
general
performance
feedback
for
no
value;Machine
tools
to
be
benchmark;High-speed,
the
police
may
have
missed
pulse
is
the
first
time
raster
or
dirty;Raster
bad.
位置环

这是数控系统发出 控制指令，并与位置检测系
统的反馈值相比较，进一步完成控制任务的关键环节。它具
有很高的 工作频度，并与外设相联接，所以容易发生故障。
常见的故障有：①位控环报警：可能是测量回路开路； 测量
系统损坏，位控单元内部损坏。②不发指令就运动，可能是
漂移过高，正反馈，位控单元故 障；测量元件损坏。③测量
元件故障，一般表现为无反馈值；机床回不了基准点；高速
时漏脉冲 产生报警可能的原因是光栅或读头脏了；光栅坏了。

(2)
servo- driven
system
servo-driven
system
and
power
grid,
linked
to
mechanical
systems,
and
work
has
been
under
frequent
activation
and
operation
of
state,
and
thus
it
is
also
part of the larger failure.
伺服驱动系统

伺服驱动系统与电源电网，机械系统等
相关联，而且在工作中一直处于频繁的启动和运行状态，因而这也是故障较多的部分。

Its main fault : First system damage. As network voltage
fluctuations are common, or voltage shocks. My most parts of
grid quality is poor, could bring voltage spillover machine tools,
especially
an
spillover,
without
specialized
voltage
control
device, it is very difficult to measure in identifying the cause of
failure,
it
should
be
noted,
because
there
are
some
special
reasons
for

China,
such
as
printing
factory
transformer
stations
as
a
result
of
lightning
strikes
and
incursions
grid
caused
more
damage
to
Taiwan
Machine
Tool
servo
system.
Second
uncontrolled
commands,
and
electrical
high- speed operation. This failure is part of the Central or speed
is
feedback.
As
in
the
Northeast
secret,
the
introduction
of
West
Germany
Wotan
rotors
milling
machine
company
in
debugging, machine tools X axis in the absence of instructions,
high- speed operation, the analysis of feedback we think is being
caused. 0.1 drift because the system, in
cases is feedback will
be
quickly
coming
to
the
electrical
functioning
of
the
high-speed,
and
we
check
the
labels
after
completely
correct
lines,
Machine
Tool
Plant
technicians
think
it
is
impossible
to
fault,
with
full
analysis
and
testing,
we
will
feedback
lines
connect in reverse, the result of normal functioning of machine
tools. Machine Tool Plant technicians have to admit that work
in the German are one example, we give training in
Tianjin discovered, they should be discarded for one plant into
Taiwan
from
the
plant
has
been
unable
to
carry
out
normal
maintenance work precision grinder, the breakdown is : on the
functioning
of
the
electrical
activation
of
a
machine
tool,
but
more and more rapidly until the maximum rotational speed. As
part
of
our
analysis
is
clear,
the
system
can
not
contain
substances cause. Upon inspection line is the result of feedback
received
to
line
speed
caused.
Third,
the
final
processing
of
surface
improvements,
and
follow-arc
to
drain
axle
there
protrude
Taiwan,
or
electrical
slow
crawling
or
vibration,
such
as
servo
system
failure
is
generally
adjusted
properly,
the
axis
gains
or
with
the
electrical
system
not
equal
matching
inappropriate
cause,
the
solution
is
the
best
of
regulation.
④

insurance Shaoduan or electrical overheating, and even burned,
such
failures
are
generally
too
large
or
mechanical
load
cards
death.
其主要故障有：①系统损坏。一般由于网络电压波动太< br>大，或电压冲击造成。我国大部分地区电网质量不好，会给
机床带来电压超限，尤其是瞬间超限， 如无专门的电压监控
仪，则很难测到，在查找故障原因时，要加以注意，还有一
些是由于特殊原 因造成的损坏。如华北某厂由于雷击中工厂
变电站并窜入电网而造成多台机床伺服系统损坏。②无控制< br>指令，而电机高速运转。这种故障的原因是速度环开环或正
反馈。如在东北某厂，引进的西德WOTAN
公司转子铣床在调
试中，机床
X
轴在无指令的情况下，高速运 转，经分析我们
认为是正反馈造成的。
因为系统零点漂移，
在正反馈情况下，
就会迅速累加使电机在高速下运转，而我们按标签检查线路
后完全正确，机床厂技术人员认为不可能接错 ，在充分分析
与检测后我们将反馈线反接，结果机床运转正常。机床厂技
术人员不得不承认德方 工作失误。还有一例子，我们在天津
某厂培训讲学时，应厂方要求对他们厂一台自进厂后一直无
法正常工作的精密磨床进行维修，其故障是：机床一启动电
机就运转，而且越来越快，直至最高转速。我 们分析认为是
由于速度环开路，系统漂移无法抑制造成。经检查其原因是
速度反馈线接到了地线 上造成。③加工时工件表面达不到要
求，
走圆弧插补轴换向时出现凸台，
或电机低速爬 行或振动，
这类故障一般是由于伺服系统调整不当，各轴增益系统不相
等或与电机匹配不合适引 起，解决办法是进行最佳化调节。
④保险烧断，或电机过热，以至烧坏，这类故障一般是机械