双盲实验-
Unit 1
The Story of Steve Jobs
This
is
the
text
of
the
Commencement
Address
by
Steve
Jobs,
本文是苹果计算机公司和皮克斯动画
CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar
Animation
Studios, at
工作室的首席执行官史蒂夫
?
乔布斯
Stanford University, delivered on June 12, 2005.
于
2005
年
6
月
12
日在斯坦福大学毕
1 I am honored to be with you today at your commencement
业典礼上的演讲稿。
from
one of
the finest universities in the world. I
never
1
今天，我很荣幸能来到这
graduated
from
college.
Truth
be
told,
this
is
the
closest
所世界顶尖大学参加你们的毕业典
I've ever gotten to a college graduation. I dropped out
礼。我大学没有毕业。说实话，现在
of
Reed
College
after the
first 6
months,
but then stayed
是我最接近大学毕业的时刻。我在里
around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I
德学院读了
6
个月就退学了，但是作
really
quit
. So why did I drop out?
为旁听生又在那里待了
18
个月左右，
2 It started before I was born. My
biological
mother was
然后才真正离开学校。那么我为什么
a young,
unwed
college graduate student, and she decided
要退学呢？
to put me up for
adoption
. She felt very strongly that I
2
这要从我还没有出生的
should
be
adopted
by
college
graduates,
so
everything
was
时候说起。我的生母是个年轻未婚的
all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his
研究生，因此她决定把我送给别人收
wife
except
that
when
I
popped
out
they
decided
at
the
last
养。她觉得我必须由有大学学历的人
minute
that
they really wanted
a girl. So my parents,
who
收养。于是，她安排好了一切，只要
were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the
我一出生，就把我交给一位律师和他
night
asking,
have
an
unexpected
baby
boy;
do
you
want
的妻子收养。但是我出生之后 ，他们
him?
在最后一刻决定他们还是想要一个女
found
out
that
my
mother
had
never
graduated
from
college
孩。当时我父母还在候补名单上，一
and that my father had never graduated from high school.
天半夜他们接到一个电话，问他们：
She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only
“有个新生儿，是意外怀上的，是个
relented
a
few
months
later
when
my
parents
promised
that
男孩，你们要吗？”他们回答：“当
I would someday go to college. This was the start in my
然要。”但是，我的生母随后发现我
life.
母亲大学没有毕业，我父亲甚至连高
中也没毕业，因此拒绝在最后几份领
3 And 17 years later I did go to college. But I
naively
养文件上签字。直到几个月后，我父
chose
a
college
that
was
almost
as
expensive
as
Stanford,
母承诺将来一定让我上大学，她才同
and all of my working- class parents' savings were being
意了。这就是我生命的开始。
spent
on
my
college
tuition.
After
six
months,
I
couldn't
3
17
年后，
我确实上了大学。
see
the
value
in
it.
I
had
no
idea
what
I
wanted
to
do
with
但是出于无知，我选了一所几乎与斯
my
life
and
no
idea
how
college
was
going
to
help
me
figure
坦福一样昂贵的学校，因此，工薪阶
it
out.
And
here
I
was
spending
all
of
the
money
my
parents
层的父母把所有积蓄都花在了我的学
had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and
费上。
6
个月过去了，
我看不到其中的
trusted
that
it
would
all
work
out
OK.
It
was
pretty
scary
价值所在。我不知道我的人生定位，
at the time, but
looking
back
it was one
of the best
也不知道大学将如何帮我找到答案，
decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could
而我正在这里耗尽父母一生的积蓄。
stop
taking
the
required
classes
that
didn't
interest
me,
所以我决定退学，并相信一切都会顺
and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more
利。这在当时看来非常可怕，但现在
interesting.
It
wasn't
all
romantic.
I
didn't
have
a
dorm
回头看看，那是我做过的最棒的决定
room,
so
I
slept
on
the
floor
in
friends'
rooms.
I
returned
之一。从退学的那一刻起，我就不用
coke
bottles
for
the
five-cent
deposits
to
buy
food
with,
再上那些不感兴趣的必修课，而开始
and
I
would
walk
the
7
miles
across
town
every
Sunday
night
去学那些看上去更有意思的课程。但
to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
一切也不全是这么美妙。我没有自己
I loved it. And much of what I
stumbled
into by following
的宿舍，只有在朋友的房间里打地铺；
my
curiosity
and
intuition
turned
out
to
be
priceless
later
我拣可乐瓶子，把退来的
5
美分押金
on.
Let
me
give
you
one
example:
Reed
College
at
that
time
攒起来去买吃的；而到了每个周日晚
offered perhaps the best
calligraphy
instruction in the
上，我都会步行
7
英里，穿过城镇去
country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label
克利须那觉悟会的庙宇饱餐一顿。我
on every drawer, was beautifully hand
calligraphed
.
喜欢这样。我依照好奇心和直觉做事，
4 Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the
大多事后证明是非常值得的。让我给
normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to
你们举个例子：当当时里德学院开设
learn how to do this. I learned about
serif
and
sanserif
可能在全国是最好的书法课程。园里
typefaces
,
about
varying
the
amount
of
space
between
的每一张海报、每一个抽屉的每张标
different
letter
combinations,
about
what
makes
great
签上都有漂亮的书法。
typography
great.
It
was
beautiful,
historical
,
4
因为我已经辍学，不用参
artistically
subtle in a way that science can't capture,
加正规的课程，所以我决定去上这门
and I found it
fascinating
.
课，学习书法。我了解了衬线和无衬
5
None
of
this
had
even
a
hope
of
any
practical
application
线字体，学会了如何在不同的字母组
in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing
合间改变间距，知道了如何让大字体
the first
Macintosh
computer,
it
all
came
back
to me.
And
显得很漂亮。这种科学所无法捕捉的、
we
designed
it
all
into
the
Mac.
It
was
the
first
computer
美妙的、充满历史感的微妙艺术，让
with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on
我心醉神迷。
that single course in college, the Mac would have never
5
这一切在我的生活中是
had
multiple
typefaces
or
proportionally
spaced
fonts
.
And
否实用，我不抱希望。直到
10
年后，
since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no
当我们在设计第一台麦金托什电脑
personal
computer
would
have
them.
If
I
had
never
dropped
时，我想起了这些东西。于是，我们
out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy
把所有这些都设计进了
Mac
机。这是
class,
and
personal
computers
might
not
have
the
wonderful
第一类拥有漂亮字体排版的电脑。如
typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to
果我没有在大学旁听那门课程，
Mac
就
connect the dots looking forward when I was in college.
不会有多种字体以及间距分配合理的
But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years
字型，很可能现在的微软
PC
也不会有
later.
这些字型——你们要知道，
Windows
也
只是抄袭
Mac
，
并非独创。
如果我从未
6 Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you
退学，我就绝不会旁听那门书法课，
can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to
而个人电脑可能也不会有现在这样美
trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
妙的字体排版。在大学的时候，我当
You have to trust in something
—
your
gut
,
destiny
, life,
然不可能把这些点点滴滴都串起来展
karma
,
whatever.
This
approach
has
never
let
me
down,
and
望未来。但在十年后再回首，一切都
it has made all the difference in my life.
变得非常、非常清晰。
6
同样，你们现在也无法预
见这类琐 碎的经历之间能有什么联
系，只有在回首往事时才能发现。你
们要相信，这些片断会在未来以某 种
方式连接起来。你们必须相信一些东
西——勇气、命运、人生、因缘等 等。
这个方法从未让我失望，也正是它改
变了我的整个人生。
New Words
commencement
[C,
usu.
sing.]
a
ceremony
at
which
students
receive
their
academic
degrees
or
diplomas
学
位授予典礼，毕业典礼
He made a speech at the commencement.
他在毕业典礼上作了演讲。
We will get our diplomas at the commencement in May or June.
我们将会在五、六月份举行的毕业典礼上拿到毕业证书。
[C, U]
beginning
开始，开端
The commencement of this year will be better.
今年将会有一个更好的开始。
Animation
n.
[U]
动画制作
n.
[C] a film or movie in which drawings of people and animals seem to move
动画片
quit
vi/vt.
to leave your job, school, etc.
离开；离校
He got his present job when he quitted/quit the army.
他退伍后找到了现在这份工作。
If I don't get a pay raise, I'll quit.
如果不给我加薪，我就不干了。
vi/vt.
(informal) to stop doing sth.
停止，戒掉
Quit fooling around!
别胡闹了
!
You must quit smoking. Most important of all, you should start taking exercise.
你必须戒烟；最重要的是，你该开始运动了。
biological
a.
connected with the processes that take place within living things
生物的；与生命过
程有关的
a child's biological parents
孩子的亲生父母
a.
connected with the science of biology
生物学
The school has a large biological laboratory.
这所学校有一个很大的生物实验室。
unwed
not married
没有结婚的，未婚的
In 1993 alone, 26,270 babies were born to unwed teens.
仅仅在
1993
年便有
26270
名婴儿为未婚少女所生。
adoption
n.
[C, U] the act of adopting a child
收养，领养
He was pleased with the adoption of a little girl.
他很高兴收养了一个小女孩
.
n.
[U] the decision to start using sth. such as an idea, a plan or a name
采纳，采用
The adoption of this policy would relieve the unions of a tremendous burden.
采用这一政策将会减轻工会沉重的负担。
adopt
vt.
to take sb. else's child into your family and become its legal parent(s)
收养，领
养
vt.
to formally accept a suggestion or policy by voting
正式通过，表决采纳（建议、政策
等
）
vt.
to
start
to
use
a
particular
method
or
to
show
a
particular
attitude
towards
sb./sth.
采用（某方法）；采取（某态度）
relent
vi.
to finally agree to sth. after refusing
终于答应，不再拒绝
Afterwards she relented and let the children stay up late to watch TV.
后来她让步了，让孩子们看会儿电视，晚点再睡。
The police will not relent in their fight against crime.
警方在跟犯罪分子的斗争中决不手软
.
vi.
to become less determined, strong, etc.
减弱，变缓和
The pressure on us to finish this task will not relent.
为完成此项任务，我们受到的压力不会减轻。
naively
ad.
in a naive manner
无知地；天真地
They naively assume things can only get better.
他们天真地以为情况肯定会好转。
scary
a.
causing fear or alarm
引起恐慌的
That movie was too scary.
那部电影太吓人了。
stumble
vi.
1) to move or walk in an unsteady way
跌跌撞撞地走，蹒跚而行
A drunk stumbled past us.
有个喝醉的人跌跌撞撞地从我们身边走过。
The tired old man stumbled along.
那位疲惫的老人蹒跚而行。
vi.
2) to hit one's foot against sth. while one is walking or running and almost fall
绊
脚
I stumbled over a tree root.
树根绊了我一下。
He stumbled on the staircase and hurt his leg.
他在楼梯上绊了一跤，伤了腿
.
intuition
n.
1)
[U]
the
ability
to
know
sth.
by
using
your
feelings
rather
than
considering
the
facts
直觉力
Nobody told me where to find you. It was sheer intuition.
没有人告诉我到哪儿去找你。我纯粹是凭直觉找到你的。
Intuition told me you were an honest man.
直觉告诉我你是个诚实的人。
n.
2) [C]
（一种）直觉
I had a sudden intuition about the missing jewels.
我凭直觉突然知道失踪的珠宝的去向。
I had an intuition that we would win at last.
我有一种直觉，那就是我们最终会成功。
calligraphy
n.
[U] (the art of producing) beautiful handwriting
书法；书法艺术
I'm considering studying calligraphy or Chinese painting.
我正在考虑要学书法还是国画。
The graphic arts include calligraphy and lithography.
平面造型艺术包括书法和平版印刷术。
calligraph
vt.
to produce by means of calligraphy
用美术体书写
serif
n.
[U] a short line at the top or bottom of some styles of printed letters
sanserif
n.
[U]
无衬线字体
typeface
n.
[C]
（印刷用的）字体
typography
n.
[U]
印刷术，排版，版面设计
historical
a.
1) connected with the past
（有关）历史的
Are there any historical sites in this area?
这个地区有什么历史遗迹吗？
The book is based on historical events.
这本书是以历史事件为基础的。
a.
2) based on the study of history
有关历史研究的，历史学的
We have no historical evidence for it.
我们缺乏可以证明这一点的史学依据。
It's a historical fact.
这是历史事实。
artistically
ad.
in an artistic manner
艺术性地；在艺术上
She is artistically aware.
她艺术感很强。
The room is luxuriously and artistically furnished.
衬线，截线
这个房间装饰得十分豪华雅致。
fascinating
a.
extremely interesting and attractive
极有吸引力的，迷人的
The results of the survey made fascinating reading.
调查结果读起来令人饶有兴趣。
proportionally
ad.
corresponding in size or amount
成比例地，相应地
Crime rate is proportionally much higher in the north of the country.
就比例而言，犯罪率在这个国家的北部要高得多。
Families with children spend proportionally less per person than families without children.
有孩子的家庭人均开销比没有孩子的家庭相对要少。
font
n.
[C]
字型，字体；铅字
gut
n.
[C, usu. pl.]
内心，直觉，本能
destiny
n.
1) [U] the power believed to control events
命运
Destiny drew us together.
命运把我们连在了一起。
n.
2) [C] what happens to sb./sth. (thought to be decided beforehand
by fate)
天数，天命
It was his destiny to die in a foreign country.
他注定要客死异国。
karma
n.
[U]
因缘，因果报应
Phrases and Expressions
be honored (to do sth.) =
to feel proud and happy
（做某事）感到荣幸
I was honored to have been mentioned in his speech.
他在讲话中提到了我，真是荣幸。
I'm honored to meet you.
很荣幸见到您。
put (sb./sth.) up for
提供；推荐，提名
We decide to put up the family jewels for auction.
我们决定把家中的珠宝拿去拍卖。
Harrison put up for the secretaryship.
哈里森自荐秘书一职。
work out
1) to develop in a successful way
成功地发展
My first job didn't wok out.
我的第一份工作干得不好。
The new strategy may not work out well.
新战略也许不会产生令人满意的效果。
2) to train the body by physical exercise
锻炼身体
I work out regularly to keep fit.
我经常做运动以保持健康。
stumble into sth.
to become involved in sth. by chance
无意间涉足某事
The urge to wider voyages caused men to stumble into New America.
扩大航行范围的紧迫要求使人类意外地发现了新美洲。
have a hope of
有……的希望
make all the difference
to have an important effect on sb./sth.; to make sb. feel better
有很大影响，使大不相同
A few kind words at the right time make all the difference.
在适当的时候说几句体贴话能产生很大的影响
.
Proper Nouns
Steve Jobs
Stanford University
Pixar Animation Studios
Reed College
Hare Krishna
Macintosh
史蒂夫·乔布斯
斯坦福大学
皮克斯动画工作室
里德学院
国际克利须那觉悟会
麦金托什电脑（苹果电脑中某系列个人电脑）
3.
Questions on the text
1. What did Steve Jobs do after he dropped out of Reed College?
He stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before he really quit.
2. What can we learn from Steve Jobs' narration about his biological mother?
His biological mother was a young college graduate student when she gave birth
to
Steve
Jobs
as
a
single
woman.
She
put
up
Steve
Jobs
for
adoption,
and
felt
strongly
that
her
son
should
be
adopted
by
college
graduates
and
sent
to
college
in
the
future.
3. What kind of people were Steve Jobs'
adoptive parents?
His
parents
were
a
working- class
couple
without
a
college
degree.
His
mother
never
graduated from college and his father never graduated from high school. However,
they
did
send
their
adopted
son
to
college
as
they
had
promised,
and
this
cost
them
nearly all their savings.
4. Why did Steve Jobs drop out of Reed College?
Because he had no idea what he wanted to do with his life and no idea how college
was going to help him figure it out. Besides, the college was so expensive that
all of his parents' savings were being spent on his tuition.
5. What did Steve Jobs think about his decision of dropping out? Why?
He thought it was one of the best decisions he had ever made as he looked back
on his past. After he dropped out, he didn't have to take the required classes and
he
had
the
opportunity
to
take
classes
that
interested
him.
Much
of
what
he
learned
in this way proved priceless later on.
6.
Why
did
Steve
Jobs
say
his
life
as
a
drop-in
in
the
college
was
not
all
romantic?
Because
he
was
living
a
shabby
life
during
the
18
months:
he
didn't
have
a
dorm
room,
so
he
slept
on
the
floor
in
friends'
rooms;
he
returned
coke
bottles
for
the
five-cent
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