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poorman商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文

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2021-01-21 19:39
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2021年1月21日发(作者:composites)


商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文


一、商务合同的基本概念、分类与结构

1.
概念

2.
分类

3.
结构


二、合同英语的词汇特点及翻译策略

1.
用词专业,具有法律意味:


1
)根据不同的专业来确定词义


1


a. The premium rates vary with differed
interests
insured. ______________
b. If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller
overdue
interest
on such unpaid amount. _________________
c. The articles of our immediate
interest
are your Agricultural Washing Machines. _______

析:
a.
出自保险业,意思“被保险的货物”

b.
源 于国际贸易,意思是“一方由于未能
支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的过期利息”

c.
属于营销业,应译为“对什么产品、
品牌感兴趣”




2


Party
B
shall
train
Party
A

s
technical
personnel
so
as
to
enable
them
to
master
Party
B

s
design, mould design, performance test and technology in machining, erection and inspection of
the contracted product, so that Party A can use the technical documents and know-how supplied by
Party B to produce the same product and mould in Party A

s factory.
乙方须负责对甲方技术员进行培训,以便甲方受训人员掌 握合同产品的设计、模具设
计、性能测试、
加工工艺、
装配工艺和质量检验技术,进而 使甲方能利用乙方提供的技术资
料和专门知识在甲方的厂内制造出相同的产品和模具。

析:
此例中,原文的
mould
design,
performance
test,
technology
in
machining,
erection,
inspection
都可以 称得上是术语,不可随便翻译,这些都应选择符合语境的技术术语译文。






2
)注意合同本身的术语(合同用语)


Rights and obligations
权利和义务

Arbitration
仲裁

Termination
终止

Force majeure
不可抗力

Jurisdiction
管辖

Undersigned
签署人

In default of
因没有

Both parties to the contract
合同双方

Breaching party
违约方

Observant party/non- breaching party
守约方

Liability for breach of the contract
违约责任

Constitute

构成


1
Damages
赔偿金


在翻译中,要对这些词语在一般文体中和在法律文体中的意义进行区分。


例词

一般文体



法律文体

Counterpart
极相似的人或物,对手,对方

有同等效力的副本

Limitation
限制


时效

Prejudice
偏见


损害

Royalty
皇室、王权


特许权使用费,版税

Negligence
疏忽


过失

Assign
分配,指派


转让(合同)等


2.
用词正式


1
)专门的套语和习语


商务合同的英语翻译应注意使 用译语中专门的套语和习语,要求地道正式,避免使用
口语词汇。

如:

正式

普通


中文

In effect
in fact

事实上

Cease to do
stop to do

停止

Prior to
before



之前


Commencement
start, begin

开始

Miscellaneous
other matters/events
其他事项

Deem
think

认为

By virtue of

because of

因为

as regards, concerning
about

关于

pursuant to/in accordance with according to

根据,按照

as from
from



日起

as of
on





as per/in accordance with
according to

按照,根据

construe
explain

解释

revise, rectify
correct

纠正,改正

terminate
end

结束,终止

obligation, liability
duty

责任,义务


(2)
古语词汇

Here/there/where +
介词

=
介词

+ this/that/which/what
例如:

Section 10
hereof
:

Section 10 of this contract/agreement

本协议
/
合同第
10


Article 6
thereof
:

Article 6 of that
agreement/contract




……
协议
/
合同第
6


Parties
hereto
:

parties to the contract


本协议
/
合同当事人

Set
my
hand
and
official
seal
hereunto
:

set
my
hand
and
official
seal
unto
(=to)
the
document,
在文件上签章

Terms and conditions provided
herein
:

terms and conditions provided in this contract,


2
协议
/
合同规定之条款

Hereinafter
:
以下,下文中

Hereby
: by means of this, by reason of this,
特此,由此,兹

Whereby
: by which, by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, etc.
凭此协


,凭此条款等

The investors
hereby

form a joint venture…
投资方
特此
设立合资公司

All amounts due
hereunder
are payable in full to Party B without deduction.
本协议所规定
之所有到期款 额应向乙方足额交付,不得抵扣。

hereunder:
under
this
contract


The
Leased
Premises
are
deemed
to
be
fit
for
occupation
when
the
building
therein

is
substantially completed.


在那里的
建筑物实质完成时,该租赁房屋才被认为适合占有居住。


Therein: in that, in that particular context, in that respect,
在那里,
在那点上,
在那方面)


其他:

For and on behalf of

代表

Hitherto
迄今

Aforementioned
上述的

Aforesaid
上述的

Forthwith
立刻,立即,毫不拖延

In witness whereof
特此为证


3.
用词准确


a.
情态动词

May:

表示合同上的权利

right


权限

power

或特 权

privilege

的场合中使用。
(可)

Shall

一般用来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务

obligati on


如未履行,
即视为违约,
并构成某种赔偿责任。

Shall
在译文中常表示为“应该,必须”等,也有不译的时候。
(应)

May not (

shall not):

用于禁止性义务,

“不得做什么”

绝不可用
cannot

mu st not


Will:

一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下, 也用做表示承担义务的声明,但语气和强制
力比
shall
弱。

Should
:
在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设,多译成“万一,如果,若”等。



1


The parties hereto
shall
, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the
contract by friendly negotiations.
Should
such negotiations fail, such dispute
may
be referred to
the People’s Court having ju
risdiction on such dispute for settlement.
双方

首先通过友好协商解决因 合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。

协商未果,

将争议提交有管辖权的人 民法院解决。



2


The
quality
and
prices
of
the
commodities
to
be
exchanged
between
the
exporter
and
the
importer in the two countries
shall
be acceptable to both sides.
货物的质量和价格
必须
使进出口双方都能接受。



3

3


The
formation
of
this
contract,
its
validity,
interpretation,
execution
and
settlement
of
the
disputes
shall

be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.

本合同的订立、
效力、
解释、
履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。

sha ll
未译出)



4


The board meeting
shall
be convened and presided by the Chairman.
Should
the chairman be
absent, the vice-Chairman
shall
, in principle, convene and preside over the board meeting.
董事会会议

由董事长召集、主 持;

董事长缺席,原则上

由副董事长召集、主持。


b.
其他

商务合同常常由于选词不当而导致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,甚至误译。

如:

The invoice value is to be paid
after
(
upon
) the arrival of the goods.
After:
之后;
upon:



The goods per/ex/by S.S “Victory” will arrive at Paris on October 12.

析:
ex
指“运来”< br>,
per
指“运走”

by
指“承运”



Shipping advice & shipping instruction
装运通知

&
装船指示


By June 15 & before June 15:
前者包括
15
日,后者不包括
15
日。


On or before May 1:
不得晚于
5

1


5

1
日之前或该日,
5

1日之前
(含该日)



4.
词语重复、并列现象

(1)
同义词、近义词或相关词重复、并列的现象

如:

Party
A
agrees
to
purchase
from
Party
B
the
following
commodity
under
the
terms
and
conditions
set out below:
甲方同意按照下列
条款
向乙方购买如下商品。


This agreement is
made and entered into

by and between
Party A and Party B.
本协议由甲方和乙方签订。


Any partner or his/her agent, may review
any and all
accounting or other records at anytime.
任何合伙人或其代理人,可随时审查
任一或全部
会计帐目或其他记录。


The decision by such arbitration shall be accepted as
final and binding
upon both parties.
该仲裁裁决应被视为终局裁决,双方均受其约束(对双方均具约束力)


Any duties, obligations or liabilities
所有责任

Applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives and rules
适用法律法规


4
Charges, fees, costs and expenses
各种费用

Keep secret and confidential

保密

Null and void

无效

Packing and wrapping expenses
包装费

Rights and interests

权益

Ships and vessels

船只

Sign and issue

签发

And/or


/


On or prior to

当日或当日之前

Modification and alternation

修改和变更

Obligation and liability

义务和责任

Interpretation and construction

理解和解释


(2)
数字的重复

如:

The total value of the cargo is USD 40,000 (SAY: Forty Thousand US Dollars Only).

货物总值为
4
万美元整(大写:肆万美元)


The Buyer shall pay the Seller USD35,500.26 (SAY: s Thirty Five Thousand Five
Hundred and 26/100 Only).

买方须付给卖方美元
35500.26
元整(大写:叁万伍 仟伍佰美元贰拾陆美分)



5.
用含名词的动词短语代替单个动词

grant consent to
agree
赞同,同意

give application to
apply
申请

give approval of
approve
许可,批准

make preparations to
prepare
准备


三、合同英语的句式结构特点:

1.
句子冗长,结构严谨,语序复杂

a.
主句的状语的位置,一般放在助动词后,行为动词前。


1


The company shall,
at all time during the term of the Joint Venture
, effect and maintain
full and adequate insurance against loss or damage by fire and such risks as are customarily issued
in connection with the operation of the Company.

合资公司应在 合资期间的任何时候,就火灾以及此类与公司经营相关的其他风险所造
成的损失或损害进行投保,并保持 充分和适当的保险。



2


If,
at
any
time
during
the
execution
of
the
Work,
the
Engineer
requires
the
Contractor
to
make
bore-holes
or
to
carry
out
exploratory
excavation,
such
requirement
shall,
in
accordance
with Clause 51
, be the subject of an instruction.
在工程施工过程中的任何时间内,如果工程 师要求承包人钻孔或进行勘探性开挖,则
根据第
51
条规定,应以指示形式下达这一要 求。



5

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