920是什么意思美国文学---名词解释

2021年1月21日发(作者：腋毛)
An Outline of American Literature
by Kathryn VanSpanckeren
glossary

1Abolitionism-
Active
movement
to
end
slavery
in
the
U.S.
North before the Civil War in the 1860s.


2Allusion-
An implied or indirect reference in a literary text to
another text.


3Beatnik-
Artistic
and
literary
rebellion
against
established
society
of
the
1950s
and
early
1960s,
associated
with
Jack
Kerouac,
Allen
Ginsberg,
and
others.

suggests
holiness
(


4BostonBrahmins-
Influential
and
respected
19th-centuryNew
England writers who maintained the
class values.
5Calvinism-
Strict theological doctrine of the French Protestant
church
reformer
John
Calvin
(1509-1564)
and
the
basis
of
Puritan society. Calvin held that all humans were born sinful and
only God s grace (not the church) could save a person from hell.
6Captivity
narrative-
Account
of
capture
by
Native
American
tribes,
such
as
those
created
by
writers
Mary
Rowlandson
and
John Williams in colonial times.
7Character
writing-
Popular
17th-
and
18th-century
literary
sketch of a character who represents a group or type.
8Civil
War-
The
war
(1861-1865)
between
the
northernU.S.
states,
which
remained
in
theUnion,
and
the
southern
states,
which seceded and formed the Confederacy. The victory of the
North ended slavery and preserved theUnion.
9Conceit-
Extended
metaphor.
Term
used
to
describe
Renaissance metaphysical poetry inEngland and colonial poetry,
such as that of Anne Bradstreet, in colonialAmerica.
10Decadents-
Late
19th-
and
early
20th-century

artists
and
writers,
chiefly
British
and
French,
involved
with

11Deconstruction-
Controversial
mode
of
textual
analysis
that
can
reveal
hidden
ideological
assumptions.
Questions
hierarchical
thinking
in
which
one
term
is
privileged
over
another (e.g. culture versus nature, man versus woman). Draws
on
thought of
French
theorist
Jacques
Derrida,
who
elaborated
on
linguist
Ferdinand
de
Saussure
s
vision
of
language
as
a
system of differences.
12Deism-
An
18th-century
Enlightenment
religion
emphasizing
reason,
not
miracles;
partly
a
reaction
against
Calvinism
and
religious superstition.
13Election-
A
Puritan
doctrine
in
which
God

or
chooses, the individuals who will enter heaven according to His
divine will.
14Ellipsis-
Omission from a text of one or more words that are
obviously
understood
but
that
must
be
supplied
to
make
a
construction gramatically correct.
15Enlightenment-
An
18th-century
movement
that
focused
on
the
ideals
of
good
sense,
benevolence,
and
a
belief
in
liberty,
justice, and equality as the natural rights of man.
16Existentialism-
A
philosophical
movement
embracing
the
view
that
the
suffering
individual
must
create
meaning
in
an
unknowable, chaotic, and seemingly empty universe.
17Expressionism-
Post-World
War
I
artistic
movement,
of
German origin, that distorted appearances to communicate inner
emotional states.
18Faust-
Literary
character
who
sells
his
soul
to
the
devil
in
order to become all-knowing, or godlike; protagonist of plays by
English
Renaissance
dramatist
Christopher
Marlowe
(1564-1593) and German Romantic writer Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe (1749-1832).
19Feminism-
The
view,
articulated
in
the
19th
century,
that
women are inherently equal to men and deserve equal rights and
opportunities.
More
recently,
a
social
and
political
movement
that
took
hold
in
theUnited
States
in
the
late
1960s,
soon
spreading globally.
20Genre-
A category of literary forms (novel, lyric poem, epic,
for example).
21HartfordWits-
Patriotic
but
conservative
late
18th-century
literary
circle
centered
atYale
College
inConnecticut
(also
known as the Connecticut Wits).
22Hudibras-
A
mock-heroic
satire
by
English
writer
Samuel
Butler
(1612-1680).
Hudibras
was
imitated
by
early
revolutionary-era satirists.
23Image-
Concrete
representation
of
an
object,
or
something
seen.
24Imagists-
A group of mainly American poets, including Ezra
Pound
and
Amy
Lowell,
who
used
sharp
visual
images
and
colloquial speech; active from 1912 to 1914.
25Irony-
A meaning (often contradictory) concealed behind the
apparent meaning of a word or phrase.
26KnickerbockerSchool-
New
York
City-based
writers
of
the
early
1800s
who
imitated
English
and
European
literary
fashions.

literature
-
Popular
literature
written
for
entertainment.
27McCarthy
era-
The
period
of
the
Cold
War
(late
1940s
and
early
1950s)
during
which
U.S.
Senator
Joseph
McCarthy
pursued American citizens whom he and his followers suspected
of being members or former members of, or sympathizers with,
the
Communist
party.
His
efforts
included
the
creation
of

excluded from working in those jobs. McCarthy ultimately was
denounced by his Senate colleagues.
28Metaphysical
poetry-
Intricate
type
of
17th-century
English
poetry employing wit and unexpected images.
29Middle
Colonies-
Present-day
Atlantic
or
eastern
U.S.
states