fells高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(练)-专题练习(七)(含答案与解析)

2021年1月21日发(作者：对称)

高考英语专题练习（七）

阅读理解Ⅳ
:
篇章结构题（练）

一、阅读理解

Why college is not home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy
(
自主性
)
and the development
of
adult
identity.
However,
now
they
are
becoming
an
extended
period
of
adolescence,
during
which
many
of
today
'
s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to
come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with
and
dependence
on
family,
thanks
to
cellphones,
e-
mail
and
social
media,
have
increased
significantly.
Some
parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter
of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide
the same environment as that of the home.

To
prepare
for
increased
autonomy
and
responsibility,
college
needs
to
be
a
time
of
exploration
and
experimentation. This process involves
“
trying on
”
new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually
(
在思
维方面
)
and personally. While we should provide
“
safe spaces
”
within colleges, we must also make it safe to
express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and
questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community
(
群体
)
differs from
the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate
their social behaviour and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger
and complex community.

Moreover,
the
tendency
for
universities
to
monitor
and
shape
student
behaviour
runs
up
against
another
characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behaviour is too
strictly
defined
(
规定
)

and
controlled,
the
insensitive
or
aggressive
behaviour
that
administrators
are
seeking
to
minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our
generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict
between adolescents
’
desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire
for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behaviour should include recognition of
the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-
regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and
self-
discovery.

1
．
Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
（




）


1
/
7



A





B


B
I:Introduction

P:Point







C
Sp:Sub-
point
(
次要点
)


C:Conclusion
2
．
【
2012
北京
,D
】

Wilderness
“
In wilderness
(
荒野
)
is the preservation of the world.
”
This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as
one
of
the
fathers
of
environmentalism.
The
frequency
with
which
it
is
borrowed
mirrors
a
heated
debate
on
environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched;
more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject
of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation
(
开发
)
brings to such landscapes
(
景观
)
is real.
Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need
—
the rainforests, for example, store carbon
in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these
“
ecosystem services
”
far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

Lee
Lane,
a
visiting
fellow
at
the
Hudson
Institute,
takes
the
opposing
view.
He
acknowledges
that
wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all
human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and
they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of
using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them
in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes,
there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all
others.

I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One
challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more
directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position
wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.


2
/
7


2
．
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?


CP:Central Point

3
．
【
2011
陕西卷
,D
】



P:Point



Sp:Sub-
point
(
次要点
)




C:Conclusion
Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified
(
GM,
转基因
)
foods have
been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to
end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the
best solution?

Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In
fact, studies show that the most crown GM crop. GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a
report than analyzed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed
to significantly increase US crop production.

Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers
that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides
(
杀虫剂
)
. On the contrary, US government data
show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.
“
The
promise
was
that
you
could
use
less
chemicals
and
boost
production.
But
neither
is
true,
”

said
Bill
Christenson, President of the US National Farm Coalition.


3
/
7