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概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点
1.
段落中前后 有转折关系的，主要点在后面转折部分，前面的信息要适当选用（尤其是字数较
多的情况下）
， 用
while/ although/ despite/ in spite of
等引出。
例
1: A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians
usually
have
lower
levels
of
heart
disease
and
a
lower
risk
of
diabetes
than
people
who
eat
meat.
What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the
environment.
要点：
【牛刀小试】
It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and
where
the
community
is
too
busy
just
trying
to
survive
to
care
about
their
language.
But
many
languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there
are things that can be done to give new life to them.
要点：
2.
当段落中出现
firstly, secondly, finally
或
also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover
等表示
递进关系的连接词时，
这些次要点都需 要提取。
可采用平行结构
(
几个次要点都采用相同的句法
结构
)合并次要点。
例
2:
From
one
point
of
view,
people
who
accept
changes
think
that
changes
make
their
life
meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make us leap forward. A new job, for
instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to
their skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has
become
boring
and
predictable.
Finally,
as
well
as
making
life
more
fun
and
interesting,
new
experiences
can
be
good
for
our
physical
and
mental
health.
We
find
that
changes
can
make
us
experienced and valuable.
要点：
【牛刀小试】
①
However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and
encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better
family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled
them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the
communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need
time
away
from
each
other
at
some
point
to
seek
their
own
interests.
Family
members
who
might
otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different
mental space.
要点：
②
Although
there
are
many
benefits,
opponents
point
out
problems
with
the
new
requirements.
First, they argue that the main reason why students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.
Because
service
learning
is
time
-
consuming,
students
spend
less
time
studying
the
core
subjects.
Second,
they
believe
that
forcing
students
to
work
without
pay
goes
against
the
law.
By
requiring
service, the school takes away a student’s freedom to choose.
要点：
3.
当段落有主题句，
而主题句表达的 意思不够明确时，
需要补充次要点。
在概写时可选择与主
题句中心词汇
(be nefits/ problems/ solutions/ advantages/ disadvant ages
等
)
相关的内容作为补充的
次要点，用
like, such as,
非限制性定语从句或破折号等补充说明。也可直接把次要点中的内容
单独成句。
例
3: There are many benefits of having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to
rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment— what was once a gray cement (
水泥
) wall can
become
a
colorful,
blooming
garden.
The
Caxia
Forum
art
gallery
in
Madrid,
Spain,
is
a
famous
example — one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species.
要点：
【牛刀小试】
Participation in music also brings social benefits for students. Music is a way to make friends.
Some researchers completed a study dealing with the perceived benefits of music. In their findings
they
wrote,
“Participation
in
musical
groups
or
bands
was
regarded
as
an
opportunity
to
socialize
with
like
-
minded
people,
make
new
friends
and
meet
interesting
people,
who
without
the
musical
engagement they would not have had the opportunity to meet”. Every time a student is involved in
music, they have the chance to meet new people, and form lasting friendships.
要点：
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