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小学英语学科试题卷
考生须知：
1
．本试卷分试题卷和答题卷，满分为
100
分，考试时间
120
分钟。
2
．答题前，在 答题卷密封区内填写姓名、身份证号、报考单位、报考岗位、试场号和座位
号。
3
．所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试题卷上无效。
4
．考试结束，上交试题卷和答题卷。
一、完形填空（共
20
题，每小题
1
分，满分
20
分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
四个选项中选择最佳选项，并将答案写在答题
纸上。
Strong emotional bonds between mothers and infants increase children's willingness to explore
the
world-an
effect
that
has
been
observed
l
the
animal
kingdom
in
people,
monkeys
and
even
spiders. The more secure we are in our 2 to Mom, the more likely we arc to try new things and
take risks. Now researchers are discovering that this effect continues into adulthood. A 3
reminder of Mom's touch or the sound of her voice on the phone is_ _4 to change people's minds
and moods, 5 their decision making in measurable way.
In a study 6 online in April in Psychological Science, undergraduate business students had
to
choose
between safe
bets and risky gambles-a
bond with a guaranteed 4 percent yearly 7 or a
riskier stock option, for example. In half the cases, the experimenters patted the students 8 on
the back of the shoulder for about one second 9 providing verbal instructions about the study.
Both male and female students who were touched by a female experimenter were 10 more
likely to choose the risky alternative _ 11 were those who had not been touched or were pattedby
male experimenters. The reassuring touch of a woman may have induced early associations, 12
the same openness to exploration that is observed in young children of 13 mothers,explains
小学英语学科试卷·第
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Jonathan Levav, a business professor at Columbia University and lead author of the study.
To
further
14
that
a
woman's
touch
links
feelings
of
security
15
risk
taking,
the
researchers
asked
a
16
group
of
undergraduates
to
make
financial
decisions
after
a
writing
exercise. Half of them wrote about a time they
felt secure and supported. whereas the 17 half
wrote about feeling insecure
and alone. Evoking a 18
of insecurity
made students
in the latter
group 19 receptive to the gentle shoulder pats from female experimenters and much more
willing to take a risk-just as a child leaving for a field trip might steal one last reassuring hug 20
Mom before sleeping on the bus.
2.A. concern
B. attachment
C. treatment
D. appeal
ting
ting
ing
ng
ted
hed
C. appeared
ised
e
gly
ly
y
s
r
ing
ing
ing
cting
tive
tful
t
D. confirm
ve
itive
ent
D. successive
te
ally
lly
ly
ly
小学英语学科试卷·第
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二、阅读理解（共
15
题，每小题
2
分，满分
30
分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
）中，选出最佳选项，并将答
案写在答题纸上。
A
Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the
world's energy future. It's a dramatic endorsement for
a technology most people think about only
when
their smartphone
goes dark. But Sadoway isn't alone in trumpeting energy
storage as a
missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.
Scientists
and engineers
have
long believed
in the promise of batteries
to change the
world.
Advanced
batteries
are
moving
out
of
specialized
markets
and
creeping
into
the
mainstream,
signaling
a
tipping
point for forward-looking
technologies
such
as
electric
cars
and
rooftop solar
propels.
The ubiquitous battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries
make possible our mobile- first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still,
as
impressive
as
all
this
is,
it
may
be
trivial
compared
with
what
comes
next.
Having
already
enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything
else.
The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our
cars,
homes,
and
even
whole
communities.
In
emerging
economies,
rural
communities
are
bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are
seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.
Today, energy storage is a $$ 33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours
of electricity per year. By the end of the decade, it's expected to be worth over $$ 50 billion and
generate
160
gigawatt-hours,
enough
to
attract
the
attention
of
major
companies
that
might
not
otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have
long Viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the
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technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.
Today's battery breakthroughs come as the. world looks to expand modern energy access to the
billion
or
so
people
without
it,
while
also
cutting
back
on
fuels
that
warm
the
planet.
Those
simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-
old question: how to make power portable.
To
be sure,
the
battery
still
has
a long
way
to
go
before
the
nightly
recharge
completely
replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too.
What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as
more and more people become
No one knows which--if any--battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing
remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.
21.
What does Dr. Sadoway think of energystorage?
A.
Itinvolvestheap plicationofsophisticatedtechnology.
B.
It is the direction energy development shouldfollow.
C.
It will prove to be a profitablebusiness.
D.
It is a technology benefitingeveryone.
22.
In some rural communities of emerging economies, people havebegunto
.
A.
find digital devices simplyindispensable
B.
communicate primarily by mobilephone
C.
light their homes with stored solarenergy
D.
distribute power with wires and woodenpoles
23.
Utility companies have begun to realize thatbatterytechnologies
.
A.
benefit theirbusiness
B.
transmit powerfaster
C.
promoteinnovation
D.
encouragecompetitio
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24.
What does the author imply about the centralized electricgrid?
A.
It might become a thing of thepast.
B.
It might turn out to be a
C.
It will be easier to operate andmaintain.
D.
It will have to be completelytransformed.
B
More than 100 years ago, American sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois was concerned that race was
being used as a biological explanation for what he understood to be social and cultural differences
between different populations of people. He spoke out against the idea of
distinct groups, claiming that these distinctions ignored the scope of human diversity.
Science would favor Du Bois. Today, the mainstream belief among scientists is that race is a
social
construct
without
biological
meaning.
In
an
article
published
in
the
journal
Science,
four
scholars say racial categories need to be phased out.
authors,
?
bo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Anthropology
in
Germany.
In
one
example
that
demonstrated
genetic
differences
were
not
fixed
along
racial
lines,
the
full
genomes
of
James
Watson
and
Craig
Venter,
two
famous
American
scientists of European ancestry, were compared to that of a Korean scientist, Seong-Jin Kim. It
turned out that Watson and Venter shared fewer variations in their genetic sequences than they each
shared with Kim.
Michael
Yudell,
a
professor
of
public
health
at
Drexel
University
in
Philadelphia,
said
that
modem genetics research is operating in a paradox: on the one hand, race is understood to be a
useful tool to illuminate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to
be a poorly defined marker of thatdiversity.
Assumptions about genetic differences between people of different races could be particularly
dangerous
in
a
medical setting.
you
make
clinical
predictions
based
on
somebody's
race,
you're going to be wrong a good chunk of the time,
his colleagues used the example of cystic fibrosis, which is underdiagnosed in people of African
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ancestry because it is thought of as a
So what other variables could be used if the racial concept is thrown out? Yudell said scientists
need to get more specific with their language, perhaps using terms like
that
might
more
precisely
reflect
the
relationship
between
humans
and
their
genes,
on
both
the
individual and population level. The researchers also acknowledged that there are a few areas where
race
as
a
construct
might
still
be
useful
in
scientific
research:
as
a
political
and
social,
but
not
biological, variable.
we
argue
phasing
out
racial
terminology
in
the
biological
sciences,
we
also
acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism, although filled with
lots
of
challenges,
remains
necessary
given
our
need
to
understand
how
structural inequities
and
discrimination produce health disparities between groups.
25.
The study by Svante Paabo served as an exampletoshow
.
A.
modern genetics research is likely to fuel racialconflicts
B.
race is a poorly defined marker of human geneticdiversity
C.
race as a biological term can explain human geneticdiversity
D.
genetics research should consider social and culturalvariables
26.
The example of the disease cystic fibrosis underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry
demonstratesthat
.
A.
it is absolutely necessary to put race aside in makingdiagnosis
B.
it is important to include social variables in geneticsresearch
C.
racialcategor iesforgeneticdiversitycouldleadtowrongclinicalpred ictions
D.
discrimination against black people may cause negligence in clinicaltreatment
27.
What can be inferred from Yudell's remark in the lastparagraph?
A.
Clinging to racism prolongs inequity anddiscrimination.
B.
Physiological disparities are quite striking amongraces.
C.
Doing away with racial discrimination ischallenging.
D.
Racial terms are still useful in certain fields ofstudy.
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