最新发现2019年6月英语六级真题(全三套+详细答案)

2021年1月21日发(作者：have是什么意思)


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英语六级真题第一套



Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions
：
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the
use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the
place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to
write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of
each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A)Project organizer
B)Public relations officer.
C)Marketing manager.
D)Market research consultant.
2.A)Quantitative advertising research.
B)Questionnaire design.
C)Research methodology.
D)Interviewer training.
3.A)They are intensive studies of people
’
s spending habits.
B)They examine relations between producers and customers.
C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.
D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.


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4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.
B)Checking charts and tables.
C)Designing questionnaires.
D)The persistent intensity.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.A)His view on Canadian universities.
B)His understanding of higher education.
C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.
D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.
6.A)It is well designed.
B)It is rather inflexible.
C)It varies among universities.
D)It has undergone great changes.
7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.
B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.
C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.
D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.
8.A) University systems vary from country to country.
B)Efficiency is essential to university management.
C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.
D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage,
you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.


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9.A) Government
’
s role in resolving an economic crisis.
B) The worsening real wage situation around the world
C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.
D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people
’
s life.
10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees
’

wages.
B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.
C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.
D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.
11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.
B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.
C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.
D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12.A) Whether memory supplements work.
B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.
C) Whether exercise enhances one
’
s memory.
D) Whether a magic memory promises success.
13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.
B) They are beneficial in one way or another.
C) They generally do not have side effects.
D) They are not based on real science.
14.A)They are available at most country fairs.
B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.
C)They are collected or grown by farmers.
D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.
15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.
B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.
C)Their effect lasts only a short time.
D)Many have benefited from them.


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Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.


B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.
C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.
D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.
17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.
B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.
C)By changing people
’
s views of nature.
D)By relocating people to safer places.
18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.
B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.
C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.
D)How destructive tropical storms can be.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.
B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.
C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.
D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.
20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.
B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.
C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.


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D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.
21.A)It will work closely with the government.
B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.
C)It will try to lower the interest rate.
D)It will try to provide more loans.
22.A)It won
’
t help the American economy to turn around.
B)It won
’
t do any good to the major commercial banks.
C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.
D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23.A)Being unable to learn new things.
B)Being rather slow to make changes.
C)Losing temper more and more often.
D)Losing the ability to get on with others.
24.A)Cognitive stimulation.
B)Community activity.
C)Balanced diet.
D)Fresh air.
25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.
B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.
C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.
D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten are required to select
one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the
the passage through carefully before making your choice
in the bank is identified by a mark the corresponding letter for each


构思新颖，品质一流，适合各个领域，谢谢采纳！

item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the may not use any of
the words in the bank more than once.

Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.
“
The adolescent
becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.
”
To cognitive researchers like
Piaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired
ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too
_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or
profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and
to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent said:
“
True adaptation
to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to
work.
”

Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up
s,taken_31_out of context,Piaget
’
s statement seems he
was_32_
，
however,is the way reality can modify idealistic people refer to
such modification as argued that attaining and accepting a vocation
is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents
may be especially hard difficult economic times may leave many
adolescents_34_about their roles in this reason,community interventions
and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only
economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent
’
s sense of worth.
A)automatically

B)beneficial
C)capturing

D)confused
E)emphasizing

F)entrance
G)excited


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H)existence
I)incidentally
J)intolerant
K)occupation


L)promises


M)recession
N)slightly


O)undertakes

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to statement contains information given in one of the
fy the paragraph from which the information is may
choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked with a
the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A]
“
If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the
well-being of the world
’
s people enhanced
—
not just in this generation but in
succeeding generations
—
we must make sure we take care of the natural
environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.
”
That
statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical
tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(
环保主义者
),but from Gordon Brown,a
politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.
[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world
’
s most powerful
economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five- year review of the
Millennium(
千年的
)Goals,he is far from roots of his speech,given in March
at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group
of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment in Stockholm.


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[C]
“
The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue
which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the
world,
”
read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which
would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development
Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups
—
many for conferences such as this year
’
s Millennium Goals review
—
and you will
find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a
common thread.
[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting
them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem finding hard evidence
to support the thesis is not so ts turn first to some sort of global
statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and
environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well on reflection,this is not
surprising;the single word
“
environment
”
has so many dimensions,and there are so
many other factors affecting wealth
—
such as the oil deposits
—
that teasing out a
simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which
reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that
managing ecosystems sustainably
—
working with nature rather than against it
—
might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005
report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and
Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more
than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income
directly from the natural resources around them.
[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the
environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated
mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or


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fossil-fuel- guzzling(
大量消耗
) course,such growth may not persist in the
long term
—
which is what and the Stockholm declaration were both
attempting to point s the best example of boom growth and bust decline
is the Grand Banks almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(
鳕
鱼
)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about
40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in ,abruptly,the cod
population were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to
maintain itself,let alone an than a decade later,there was no sign of
the ecosystem re- building had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and
the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea
floor.
[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global
Grand Banks-style idea is that we are taking more out of what you might
call the planet
’
s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living
beyond our ecological recent study attempted to calculate the extent of
this
“
ecological overshoot of the human economy
”
,and found that we are using 1.2
Earth
’
s-worth of environmental goods and services
—
the implication being that at
some point the debt will be called in,and all those services
—
the things which the
planet does for us for free
—
will grind to a halt.
[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is
hard to determine with any precision
—
which is why governments and financial
institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic
is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of
environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress
needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority
is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle
environmental degradation.
[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental is
this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm


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declaration is ambiguous.
“
In the developing countries,
”
it says,
“
most of the
environmental problems are caused by under- development.
”
So it is saying that
economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;
“
In the
industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to
industrialisation and technological development,
”
it other words,poor
and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different
’
s simply not
true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements
which lie well beyond the reach of poorer ns of wealthy nations
demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free
also,however,use far more natural resources- fuel,water(all those baths and golf
courses)and building materials.
[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most
graphic example being climate a country
’
s wealth grows,so do its
greenhouse gas figures available will not be completely
ing emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to
issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re- leased up-to-date data,and in any
case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national
the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily
countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of
those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor average Norwegian is
better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate
could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to
Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen
environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine
whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic
revival.

es show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment


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for economic progress.
nmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental
protection and economic growth.
pment agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues
while ensuring economic progress.
is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness
generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
nable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human
development depends on the natural environment.
countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations
’

economic
development.
recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural
resources on Earth.

Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote
controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago
it was predicted that viewers of
“
Friends
”
, a popular situation comedy, would soon
be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston
’
s with a few taps on their remote


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control.
“
It
’
s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or
twelve years,
”
says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.

So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out
interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with
some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the
screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a
catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote
controls early next year.

Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first
half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers
to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet,
which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates
—
especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of
interactive advertising,
“
many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back
to the TV,
”
says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second
spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(
除
臭剂
)
，
which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an
advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $$138 million this year. That falls far
short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV,
Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe
Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising
available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells
interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this
year. BSkyB, Britain
’
s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million
customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a
“
lean back
”
medium,
crave interaction. Click- through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared
with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads


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and viewers might not go well together.

does Colin Dixon mean by saying
“
It
’
s been the year of interactive
television advertising for the last ten or twelve years
”
(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?
A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or
so.
C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation
comedies.
D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
is the public
’
s response to Cablevision
’
s planned interactive TV
advertising program?
A)Pretty positive.
B)Totally indifferent.
C)Somewhat doubtful.
D)Rather critical.
is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV
advertising?
A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
do we learn about Unilever
’
s interactive campaign?
A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C)It helps attract investments in the company.
D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.
does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.


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C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.
D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.

Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there
’
re no quick or easy answers. There
’
s work to be done, but workers aren
’
t ready to
do it
—
they
’
re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are
“
structural,
”
and will take many years to solve.
But don
’
t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn
’
t any.
On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the
result of inadequate demand. saying that there
’
re no easy answers sounds wise. But
it
’
s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had
the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural
unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing
real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of
workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared.
Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states.
With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have
unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we
’
re
mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so
popular?
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high
unemployment
—
in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the
problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.

I
’
ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about
unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very
Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly,


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declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is
“
unadaptable and untrained. It
cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.
”
A few years later, a
large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy
’
s
needs
—
and suddenly industry was eager to employ those
“
unadaptable and
untrained
”
workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of
government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that,
fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been
multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is
crippling out economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there
’
s no evidence whatsoever to back these
claims. We aren
’
t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We
’
re suffering from a
lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn
’
t a real problem, it
’
s an
excuse
—
a reason not to act on America
’
s problems at a time when action is
desperately needed.

does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in
America?
A)Corporate mismanagement.
B)Insufficient demand.
C)Technological advances.
D)Workers
’

slow adaptation.
does the author think of the experts
’

claim concerning unemployment?
A)Self- evident.
B)Thought-provoking.
C)Irrational.
D)Groundless.
does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great
Depression?
A)The booming defense industry.


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B)The wise heads
’

benefit package.
C)Nationwide training of workers.
D)Thorough restructuring of industries.
has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?
A)Powerful opposition to government
’
s stimulus efforts.
B)Very Serious People
’
s attempt to cripple the economy.
C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D)Economists
’

failure to detect the problems in time.
is the author
’
s purpose in writing the passage?
A)To testify to the experts
’

analysis of America
’
s problems.
B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.
C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.

Part IV Translation (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from
Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为 了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界
发达国家，
中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。
中国 的大学和研究所正在积
极开展创新研究。
这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、
从新能 源到机器人等高
科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在
产品还是商业模式上，
中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，
以适应国内外消费
市场不 断变化和增长的需求。


参考答案


参考范文：
It is held by some people that knowledge is power,especially scientific
and technological knowledge. Science and technology are the motive power of the
social development, which constitute a primary productive force. The use of robots is
the produce of development of science and technology


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People
’
s view son the use of robots vary from person to person. Some hold that
human life cannot continue without the use of robots. For many years, human
society has developed with the use of science and technology. So the life with the
use of robots we are living now is more efficient than that of our fore fathers. They
go on to point out that the use of robots has brought about many changes in
people's life. For example,through the use of robots can improve the work efficiency
and a voiddangerous events happening in our life in that we can require robots to do
some works with danger instead of human beings.
Science and technology of robots are the crystallization of human wisdom. It
brought a glorious past to humanity, also will bring bright future to mankind.


听力答案

Section A

1
。

D)Market research consultant

2
。

A) Quantitative advertising research

3
。

D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a longperiod
。

4
。

B) Checking charts and tables
。

5
。

A) His view on Canadian universities
。

6
。

B) It is rather inflexible
。

7
。

C) Everybody should be given equal access to highereducation
。

8
。

C) It is hard to say which is better
，

a public university ora private university
。

Section B

9
。

B) The worsening real wage situation around the world
。

10
。

A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees
’

wages.

11
。
C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs
。

12
。

A) Whether memory supplements work
。

13
。

D) They are not on based on real science
。

14
。

D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners
。



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15.B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks
。

Section C

16 D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can bereduced
。

17 B) By taking steps to prepare people for them
。

18 A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life
。

19 C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery

20 B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail

21 D) It will try to provide more loans

22 D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrinkagain

23 A)
。

Being unable to learn new things
。

24 A)
。

Cognitive stimulation
。

25 C)
。

Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles
。


选词填空

26.
正确选项

O undertakes

27.
正确选项

K occupation

28.
正确选项

H existence

29.
正确选项

J intolerant

30.
正确选项

A automatically

31.
正确选项

N slightly

32.
正确选项

E emphasizing

33.
正确选项

M recession

34.
正确选项

D confused

35.
正确选项

B beneficial


长篇阅读

36.
正确选项

I

37.
正确选项

C

38.
正确选项

L



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39.
正确选项

D

40.
正确选项

K

41.
正确选项

E

42.
正确选项

G

43.
正确选项

A

44.
正确选项

N

45.
正确选项

J


仔细阅读

Passage one

46. C interactive television is successful

47. C somewhat doubtful

48. C it has placed TV advertising

49. B it has down well in engaging the viewer

50. A they maybe due the novel way of advertising

Passage two

51. B insufficient demand

52. D groundless

53. A the booming defense industry

54. A powerful opposition to government

55. C to show urgent need for the government to take action

参考译文：
China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to
surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China
has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and
institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high
technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are
also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, so as to
commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the changing
foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese


构思新颖，品质一流，适合各个领域，谢谢采纳！

entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and
business models.






























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2016
年
6
月英语六级真题第二套


Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short

essay on living
in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and
more
time
inthe
virtual
world
instead
of
interacting
in
the
real
world.
You
are
required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A
Directions:
In
this
section,
there
is
a
passage
with
ten
blanks.
You
are
required
to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage.
The
robotics
revolution
is
set
to
bring
humans
face
to
face
with
an
old
fear-man-made creations as smart and capable as we are without a moral compass.
As
robots
take
on
ever
more
complex
roles,
the
question
naturally_____(27).
Who
will
be
responsible
when
they
do
something
wrong?
Manufacturers?
Users?
Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.
Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our
health
care,
social
welfare
and
standard
of
living.
The
_____(28)of
computational
power and engineering advances will _____(29)enable lower-cost in-home care for
the
disabled,_____(30)use
of
driverless
cars
that
may
reduce
drunk
and
distracted- driving
accidents
and
countless
home
and
service-industry
uses
from
street cleaning to food preparation.
But
there
are
_____(31)to
be
problems.
Robot
cars
will
crash.
A
drone
(
遥控飞行
器
)operator will _____(32)someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower(
割草机
)will run
over
a
neighbor's
cat.
Juries
sympathetic
to
the
_____(33)of
machines
will
punish
entrepreneurs
with
company-crushing
_____(34)and
damages
What
should
government do to protect people while _____(35), space for innovation?


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Big. complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars,
should
be
built
_____(36)and
sold
by
manufacturers
who
take
responsibility
for
ensuring
safety
and
are
liable
for
accidents.
Governments
should
set
safety
requirements
and
then
let
insurers
price
the
risk
of
the
robots
based
on
the
manufacturer's driving record. not the passenger's.

s

ation
te
ally
ere

sting
ies
ving
mmed
ately
s
read

Section B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with
ten
statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is
marked
with
a
letter.
Answer
the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Reform and Medical Costs
[A]American are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and
health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem.


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The answer is that no once has an easy fix rising medical costs. The fundamental fix
—
reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal
system
—
is likely to be a achieved only through trial and incremental(
渐进的
)gains.
[B]The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the
Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help
slow
the
rise
in
medical
costs
over
the
long
term.
As
report
in
The
New
England
Journal of Medicine concluded.
health policy Iiterature these days is contained in these measures.
[C]Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy,
is
propelled
by
two
things:
the
high
prices
charged
for
medical
services
in
this
country
and
the
volume
of
unnecessary
care
delivered
by
doctors
and
hospitals,
which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than patient really needs.
[D]Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to
address those problem, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.
[E]Both
bills
would
reduce
the
rate
of
growth
in
annual
Medicare
payments
to
hospital,
nursing
homes
and
other
providers
by
amounts
comparable
to
the
productivity
savings
routinely
made
in
other
industries
with
the
help
of
new
technologies
and
new
ways
to
organize
work.
This
proposal
could
save
Medicare
more
than
$$100
billion
over
the
next
decade.
If
private
plans
demanded
similar
productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs
to
them,
the
savings
could
be
much
larger.
Critics
say
Congress
will
give
in
to
lobbyists
and
let
inefficient
provider
off
the
hook(
放过
).
That
is
far
less
likely
to
happen if Congress also adopts strong
payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budge cuts.
[F]The
Senate
Finance
bill
would
impose
an
excise
tax(
消费税
)on
health
insurance
plans that cost more than $$8,000 for an individual or $$21,000 for a family. It would
most likely cause Insures to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshould. Enrollees
would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that
would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test
was
worth
it.
Economists
project
that
most
employers
would
shift
money
from


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expensive
health
benefits
into
wages,
The
House
bill
has
no
similar
tax.
The
final
legislation should.
[G]Any
doctor
who
has
wrestled
with
multiple
forms
from
different
insurers,
or
patients
who
have
tried
to understand their
own
parade
of
statements,
know
that
simplification
ought
to
save
money.
When
the
health
insurance
industry
was
still
cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms
for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of
dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.
[H]The
stimulus
package
provided
money
to
convert
the
inefficient,
paper-driven
medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted .This
requires
open
investments
to
help
doctors
convert.
In
time
it
should
help
restrain
costs
by
eliminating
redundant
test,
preventing
drug
inter
actions,
and
helping
doctors find the best treatments.
[I]Virtually
all
experts
agree that the
fee-for-service
system
—
doctors
are
rewarded
for that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to
accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a
year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would
start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care
organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality,
and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible
for
the
bulk
of
all health
care
costs,
are
treated
properly.
For the
most part,
these
experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.
[J]Testing
innovations
do
no
good
unless
the
good
experiments
are
identified
and
expanded
and
the
bad
ones
arc
dropped.
The
Senate
bill
would
create
an
independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in
Medicare's
payment
policies
to
urge
providers
to
adopt
reforms
that
work.
The
changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it
hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.
[K]The
bills
in
both
chambers
would
create
health
insurance
exchanges
on
which
small
businesses
and
individuals
could
choose
from
an
array
of
private
plans
and


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possibly
a
public
option.
All
the
plans
would
have
to
provide
standard
benefit
packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers,
insures would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head- to-head
competition
might
give
them
a
strong
incentive
to
lower
their
prices,
perhaps
by
accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.
[L]The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to
the
fierce
opposition
of
the
insurance
industry
and
Republican
critics,
it
might
not
save
much
money.
The
one
in
the
House
bill
would
have
to
negotiate
rates
with
providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.
[M]The
president's
stimulus
package
is
pumping
money
into
research
to
compare
how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for
prostate(
前列腺
)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug
any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional
money to accelerate this effort.
[N]Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That
would be true only if you believe that patients should have an unrestrained right to
treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not requires, as they should,
that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.
[O]Congress
needs
to
find
the
courage
to
allow
Medicare
to
pay
preferentially
for
treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most
expensive.
But
overall,
we
suspect
that
spending
would
come
down
through
elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.
[P]The
House
bill
would
authorize
the
secretary
of
health
and
human
services
to
negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt
that
the
secretary
would
get
better
deals
than
private
insurers
already
get.
We
believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.
[Q]
Missing
from
these
bills
is
any
serious
attempt
to
rein
in
malpractice
costs.
Malpractice
awards
do
drive
up
insurance
premiums
for
doctors
in
high-risk
specialties,
and
there
is some
evidence
doctors engage
in

medicine
performing
tests
and
treatments
primarily
to
prove
they
are
not
negligent
should


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they get sued.


a
tax
imposed
on
expensive
health
insurance
plans,
most
employers
will
likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.
s
in
policy
would
be
approved
or
rejected
as
a
whole
so
that
lobbyists
would find it hard to influence lawmakers.'
is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.
rdization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical
icans
and
insurance
industry
are
strongly
opposed
to
the
creation
of
a
public insurance plan.
sion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant
tests and prevent drug interactions.

high
cost
of
medical
services
and
unnecessary
tests
and
treatments
have
driven up medical expenses.

main
factor
that
has
driven
up
medical
expenses
is
that
doctors
are
compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.
ry
to
analysts'
doubts,
the
author
believes
drug
prices
may
be
lowered
through negotiation.
competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.

Section C
Passage One
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries
are using raw sewage(
下水道污水
)to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of
cropland, according to a new report-and it may not be a bed thing.
While
the
practice
carries
serious
health
risks
for
many,
those
dangers
are
outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers
who need affordable food.

is
a
large
potential
for
wastewater
agriculture
to
both
help
and
hurt
great


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numbers of urban consumers,
The
report
focused
on
poor
urban
areas,
where
farms
in
or
near
cities
supply
relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local
rivers
or
lakes.
Unlike
developed
cities,
however,
these
areas
lack
advanced
water- treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers.(
下水道
)
When
this
water
is
used
for
agricultural
irrigation,
farmers
risk
absorbing
disease-causing XX, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly
2.2
million
people
die
a
year
because
of
diarrhea- related(
与腹泻相关的
)diseases,
according
to
WHO
statistics.
XXX
than
80%
of
those
cases
can
be
attributed
to
contant with contaminated water and a lack of XXX anitation. But Pay Drechsel, an
environmental
scientist,
argues
that
the
social
and
economic
benefits
of
using
untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.
Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while
the
free
water
and
nutrients
from
human
waste
can
help
urban
farmers
in
developing countries to escape poverty.
Agriculture
is
a
water-intensive
business,
accounting
for nearly
70%
of
global
fresh
water consumption.
In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep
farmers
in
business.
In
some
cases,
water
is
so
scarce
that
farmers
break
open
sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.
Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But
frequently
untreated
human
waste
is
used
on
grain
crops,
which
are
eventually
cooked,
minimizing
the
risk
of
transmitting
water-borne
diseases.
With
fertilizer
prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human
waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.
In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer us can be avoided.
The mud contains the same critical nutrients.


treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason.


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does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?
risks cannot be overestimated.

should be forbidden altogether.

benefits outweigh the hazards involved.

is polluting millions of acres of cropland.
is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?

and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.

will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.

s and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.

will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.

is
environmental
scientist
Pay
Drechsel's
attitude
towards
the
use
of
untreated human waste in agriculture?

ble.

erent.

cal.

sible.

does
Pay
Dreschsel
think
of
the
risks
involved
in
using
untreated
human
waste for farming?

have been somewhat exaggerated.

can be dealt with through education.

will be minimized with new technology.

can be addressed by improved sanitation.
do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human waste for
farming?

echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.

chaltenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's conclusion

thinks it the only way out of the current food erisis.

deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.