zhang-
新概念一册语法点汇总
第一部分
:
时态
8
种
一般现在时，现在进行时， 一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过
去完成时，过去将来时
1.
一般现在时
表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。
（
1
）含有
be
动词的句子
The girl is very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are students.
★
变疑问句三步骤：将
be
动词移到句首，首字母大写，句号变问号。
Is the girl very beautiful
Are Tim and Jack students
★
变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
、
The girl is not very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are not students.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, she is. No, she is not.
Yes, they are. No, they are not.
（
2
）不含有
be
动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子
第三人称单数及单数名词
She likes him.
The dog likes bones.
★
变疑问句三步骤：在句首加
does,
动词变为原型，问号变句号。
;
Does she like him
Does the dog like bones
★
变否定句在主语及动词之间加
doesn’t,
动词变为原型，原句中的 动词不再有第三人
称变化：有了助动词的帮助，句中动词变回原形！
She doesn’t like him.
The dog doesn’t like bones.
★
肯定回答及否定回答：
Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t
Yes
, it does. No, it doesn’t.
注意 ：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加
S
，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问
句时 名词复数没有任何变化。
其他人称及复数名词
|
I want to have a bath.
We have some meat.
The students like smart teachers.
★
变疑问句：在句首加
do
，句号变问号。
Do you want to have a bath
Do we have any meat
Do the students like smart teachers
★
变否定句在主语和动词之间加
don’t.
You don’t want to have a bath.
We don’t have any meat.
&
The students don’t like smart teachers.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Yes, we do. No, we don’t
Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
2.
现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成：
主语
+be
动词
+
动词的现在分词
doing
》
We are having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The dog is running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★
变疑问句将
be
动词移到句首
Are we having lunch
Is he reading a book
Is the dog running after a cat
Are the boys swimming across the river
★
变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
We are not having lunch.
He is not reading a book.
The dog is not running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★
特殊疑问句：
what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑问词
+
动词
+
主语
+
现在分词
…
What are you doing
What is she doing
What is the dog doing
没有进行时的动词
(
必背
)
表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1.
表示感觉，感官的词
(
see, hear, like, love, want,
2. have, has
当
“
拥有
”
讲时没有进行时
3.
一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或事件，
常和表示过去的时间状语连用，
如
yesterday, last night, the
day before yesterday, 3 days ago,
含有
be
动词的句子，
将动词变为过去式，
am, is
的过去式为
was
，
ar e
的过去式为
were
I was at the butcher’s.
You were a student a year ago.
The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
★
变疑问句将
be
动词移动到句首
/
Were you at the butcher’s
Were you a student a year ago
Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago
★
变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
I was not at the butcher’s.
You were not a student a year ago.
The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
★
肯定回答否定回答
Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Yes, you were. No, you were not.
Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.
★
特殊疑问句：
…
What did you do
不含有
be
动词的句子，将动词变为
过去式
I finished my homework yesterday.
The boy went to a restaurant.
The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
★
变疑问句三步骤：在句首加
did
，
动词变为原型，句号变问号。
Did you finish your homework yesterday
Did the boy go to a restaurant
Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago
★
变否定句在主语和动词之间加
did not
~
I did not finish my homework yesterday.
The boy did not go to a restaurant.
The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
Yes, they did. No, they did not.
4.
现在完成时
构成：主语
+
助动词
have, has+
过去分词
done
用法：
1)
表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和
just, usually, already, since
等时间副
词连用
I have just had lunch. (
饱了，不用再吃了
)
】
He has had a cup of tea.(
不渴了，不用再喝
)
They have already had their holiday. (
不能再度假了
)
The boy has already read the book. (
已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了
)
2)
询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：
Have you finished your homework
Have you been to Beijing
Have he seen the film
3)
表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
`
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
4)
表示一种经历，经验：去过
…
地方，做过
…
事情，经历过
…
事情
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
-
Have been to
表示去过，
have gone to
表示去了
I have been to London.(
人已经回来
)
He has gone to London.(
人还在那里
)
5)
表示一种结果，
一般不和时间副词联用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型变化：
★
变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加
not.
《
. Have you lost your pen I have not lost my pen.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. No, I have not.
★
特殊疑问句：
用
What have you done
What has he done
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时
注意：
有些动词表示的动 作有一个终点，
不能再延续，
因此不能和表示一段时间状语连
错：
I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
对：
I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
5.
一般将来时
表示将来将要发生的动作，
经常和
tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year
after the next, in five hours’ time, etc.
表示将来的词联用
结构：
主语
+
助动词
will+
动词原形
do
#
I will go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★
变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Will you go to America tomorrow
Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next
Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning
★
变否定句在助动词后面加
not
I will not go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I will. No, I will not.
Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.
Yes, he will. No, he will not.
★
特殊疑问句：
。
What will you do
6.
过去完成时
用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构：主语
+
助动词
had+
过去分词
done
After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
They had sold the car before I asked the price.
The train had left before I arrived at the station.
After/before
引导的 时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不
用加。
★
变疑问句将助动词移到句首
*
Had she finished her homework
★
变否定句在助动词后面加
not
She hadn’t fini
shed her homework.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.
★
特殊疑问句：
What had she done
—
7.
过去进行时
表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在
when, while, as
引导的状语从句中。
结构：主语
+was/were +
现在分词
doing
When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on
the floor.
While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.
8
过去将来时
结构：主语
+ would +
动词原形
do
`
She said she would go here the next morning.
两个
特殊句型：
there be
句型，
be going to
结构
1) Be going to
结构
表示打算，准备，计划做某事
★
结构：主语
+be
动词
+going to +
动词原型
.
I am going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
★
变疑问句将
be
动词移到句首
Are you going to make a bookcase
Are they going to paint it
Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter
★
变否定句在
be
动词后面加
not
I am not going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Yes, they are. No, they are not.
Yes, he is. No, he is not.
★
特殊疑问句
-
What are you going to do
What are they going to do
What is the father going to do
(
必背
)
2) There be
句型
表示哪里有什么东西
(
某处有某物
)
There is+
单数名词
+
表示场所的词
(
一般为介词 词组
)
There is a book in this room.
There is a pen on the table
|
There are+< br>复数名词
+
表示场所的词
(
一般为介词词组
)
There are two pens on the table.
There are three schools there.
★
变疑问句将
be
动词移到句首
Is there a book in this room
Are there two pens on the table
★
变否定句在动词后面加
not
There is not a book in this room.
There are not two pens on the table.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
%
Yes, there is. No, there is not.
Yes, there are. No, there are not.
第二部分
其他句法及词法
9
问句
一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句
1)
一般疑问句：助动词
/be
动词
+
主语
Are you a teacher Do you want to have a cup of tea
2)
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
+
一般疑问句
What is your name
3)
选择疑问句：
or
/
Do you want beef or lamb
4)
反意疑问句：肯定陈述句
+
否定疑问部分，否定陈 述部分
+
肯定疑问部分
You don’t need that pen, do you
5)
否定疑问句：一般疑问句
+
否定词
Aren’t you lucky Don’t you want have a rest
10
限定词：
some, any, many, much
·
some, any
修饰可数名词或不可数名词，
some
用于肯定句，
any
用于否定句和疑问句，
注意，当期待对方的答案 为肯定回答时用
some
·
many
修饰 可数名词，
much
修饰不可数名词，
在口语中表示很多一般不用
many, much,
而用
a lot of,
在否定句中表示很多用
many, much.
|
I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money.
11
名词：种类，复数，名词所有格
·
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
1)
不可数名词
无法分开的东西：
water, tea, bread, milk, rice(
米
)
抽象的东西：
love, beauty, coldness(
寒冷
)
不可数名词有以下特点：
·
不能用
a, an
修饰
·
不能加
s
·
和单数
be
动词或动词搭配
2)
可数名词：
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，
复数可数名词要在名词后面加
s,
名词复数共有以下几种变
化：
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则
1
一般情况
+s . shell→shells book→books
规则
2
以
s, x, ch, sh
结尾
+es . fox→foxes church→churc
hes,
!
bus→buses, watch→watches
规则
3
以
o
结尾
+s
或
+es . potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes,
hero→heroes,
tomato→tomatoes
，
(
口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿
)
，
剩下一般加
s, radio→radios
规则
4
以
f, fe
结尾的，变
f, fe
为
ves . life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities,
#
wife→wives
规则
5
以辅音字母
+y
结尾，
变
y
为
i+es . sky→skies fly→flies
3)
不规则变化的名词复数形式
man(men) woman(women) foot(feet) goose(geese) tooth(teeth)
child(children) sheep(sheep) deer(deer) mouse(mice) fish(fish)
12
副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化
·
副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：
The book is very good.
`
He runs fast.
She came here quite early.
Certainly I will go with you.
副词变化形式：
·
直接在形容词后加
-ly,
careful-carefully, slow-slowly,
·
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的形容词，把
y
变
I,
加
-ly,
happy-happily, lucky-luckily
·
有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化
fast, hard, late
·
有些词加上
-ly
后意思与原词相差很远：
neary-nearly, high-highly, late- lately
13
情态动词的使用：
can, must, may, might, need,
1)
情态动词
can(
能够
)
，
must(
必须
)
，
may(
可以
)
结构：主语
+can/must/may+
动词原型
He can make the tea.
Sally can air the room.
We can speak English.
★
变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
|
Can he make the tea
Can Sally air the room
Can we speak English
★
变否定句在情态动词后面加
not
He cannot make the tea.
Sally cannot air the room.
We cannot speak English.
★
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, he can. No, he cannot.
Yes, she can. No, she cannot.
Yes, we can. No, we cannot.
★
特殊疑问句：
…
What can you do
注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在 情态动词或动词后面加
S
。
2)Must/have to
的区别
must
表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，
have to
是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要
要做
must
只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而
have to do
可以用在任何时态
3)must, may, might
表示猜测：
·
must do
表示对现在事实的猜测
·
must have done
表示对过去事实的猜测
·
must have been doing
表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测
·
may/might do, may/might have done
表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，
might
的可能性更
小。
·can’t/couldn’t
表示不可能
14 need
用法：
·
表 示
“
需要
”
时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式
：
；
I need a pen. Do you need any
beer No, I don’t.
I need to have a rest.
·
Need doing=need to be done
，表示被动
-
The flowers need watering.
·
Need
在否定时做情态动词使用
You needn’t go so early. =You don’t need to go so early.
Must I clean the desk right now No, you needn’t.
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