各怀心事大学英语读写教程第1册unit_8_阅读理解三篇

2021年1月21日发(作者：voyageur)
..























.
























.
























..
unit 8

Part 1 Reading comprehension


Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Each
passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
sentences.
For
each
of
them
there
are four
choices
marked
A,
B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.

Manners
evolved
differently
in
different
cultures.
In
earlier
times
there
was
a
tendency
for
manners
to
become
increasingly
formal, and this was often viewed as progress. In the 18th
and 19th centuries having good manners was seen as an
important part of one's education and social class, and it
was
necessary
to
be
taken
as
a
lady
or
a
gentleman
to
get
ahead
in the world.
In
the
20th
and
21st
centuries,
manners
have
gradually
become
more relaxed and informal. The hosting of dinners and other
social gatherings are no longer the exclusive privilege of
the wealthy elite (
精英
), and private clubs are being
gradually
replaced
by
more
open
meeting
places.
So
the
manners
of
the
salon
(
沙龙
)
are
gradually
combining
with
the
manners
of the pub. Clothing is a good indication of the changes in
manners, as can be seen in the following examples.
It is surprising that the wearing of hats indoors by males
is
once
again
becoming
acceptable.
Students
in
North
America
often wear baseball caps to class. In many countries the
wearing of hats
indoors by males
was
once acceptable even in
very
polite
society,
but
over
the
years
this
became
considered
as a lower-class behavior and was thus discouraged in both
the middle and upper
classes.
The young people who
wear hats
indoors do not realize they are actually restarting a very
old cultural tradition.
A
comparable
development
for
females
is
the
wearing
of
jeans.
Many females now wear jeans on a daily basis, either at home
or
at
work.
Some
see
this
as
a
symbolic
declaration
that
they
are now modern women, not girls or ladies. Some girls, like
boys, wear baseball caps both indoors and outdoors.
Sneakers and shorts are now acceptable for either males or
学习参考

..























.
























.
























..
females in a variety of non-athletic situations. Some
companies have rules requiring informal dress such as jeans
or
sneakers
on
Fridays
(called

Friday
or

Friday
it
almost all the time.
In these
companies, and many others, it is acceptable to call the
bosses by their first names.
1.

What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Changes of manners over time.

B. Formal manners in the earlier times.

C. Different manners in different cultures.

D. Development of manners in different classes.

2.

In the 20th and 21st centuries, _________.
A. manners are not as formal as in the past

B. manners in a pub are getting more and more formal

C. proper clothing is a good indication of good manners

D. rich people no longer behave formally in social

gatherings
3.

According to the passage,
paragraph 2 most likely refers to __________.
A. Formal manners of drinking.

B. Informal manners of drinking.

C. Formal manners at social gatherings.

D. Informal manners at social gatherings.

4.

According
to
the
passage,
nowadays
wearing
a
hat
indoors
can actually be viewed as _________.
A. a revolution

B. social progress

学习参考

..























.
























.
























..
C. a worsening situation

D. a return to the old tradition

5.

According
to
the
author,
today
wearing
hats
indoors,
and
wearing jeans at work mainly indicate that _________.
A. women are no longer inferior to men

B. people no longer pay attention to dressing details

C. people are getting more relaxed in terms of manners

D. some companies have lower requirements for their

employees
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.

Between the 1950s and the early 1980s, the evolving role of
Japanese
women
had
been
most
obvious
in
their
attitudes
toward
marriage and the family system. There had been a trend away
from
arranged
marriages.
Many
young
women
admitted
that
they
took
paid
employment
mostly
in
order
to
find
a
husband
on
their
own.
In
spite
of
this
and
other
influences
a
1982
figure
showed
that
almost
40
percent
of
marriages
were
still
arranged.
This
figure was, however, half the size of a 1955 survey which
showed
that
almost
81
percent
of
marriages
were
arranged.
Once
married,
many
women
in
the
early
1980s
continued
to
work,
and
increasingly they returned to work after childbirth,
something which was hard to imagine a generation before. A
woman's
role
in
the
family
was
evolving
as
well,
becoming
more
and more dominant.
Women
had
sought
more
personal
satisfaction
from
their
lives
since
1950s.
In
the
beginning
of
the1980s,
during
their
lives
before marriage women made up an almost free-wheeling (
随
心所欲
) part of Japanese society. A survey of new brides
reported that only 12 percent expected their marriage to be
happy.
At
that
time,
Japanese
still
regarded
marriage
not
as
the
peak
of
a
romance
but
as
a
duty
that
was
primarily
social
and practical in significance. As a result, Japanese women
took
full
advantage
of
their
years
before
marriage.
Most
women
remained at home while working, living with their family in
a
sort
of
extended
dependency.
Japanese
women,
however,
must
be careful to maintain themselves within acceptable social
standards, one woman being told,
学习参考