才德研究生英语第11单元health

2021年1月22日发(作者：prayers)

Uint 11
Sometimes It
’
s Hard to Be a Woman, or A Man or Human
Text-related information
1. Tim Lott (born 23 January 1956,
Southall, West
London) is a
British
author. After running his own magazine publishing business, he graduated
from the London School of Economics in 1986.
His first book, the semi-autobiographical
The Scent of Dried Roses
, was
published
in 1996 and won the
J. R. Ackerley Prize for
Autobiography
.
His
next
work,
White
City
Blue
,
was
published
in
1999
and
won
that
year's
Whitbread Award for Best First Novel
.
He
was
also
shortlisted
in
the
'Best
Novel'
category
of
the
2002
Whitbread Awards
for his work,
Rumours of a Hurricane
. He has since
published
The
Love
Secrets
of
Don
Juan,
The
Seymour
T
apes
and
Fearless.
The
Scent
of
Dried
Roses
,
a
memoir
of
his
family
and
his
own
life,
remains his most acclaimed work. Beginning with the tragedy of his own
mother's suicide, his memoir is a rich account. On the broader scale, he
paints nuanced pictures of what it means to be working class, and how the
English suburbs developed from the 1950s to the 1980s. More personally,
also
describes
his
own
life
journey,
as
he
began
to
move
beyond
his
family's roots, then go through depression and emerge at the other side
only to face renewed tragedy, when the mother who had been so caring
for him with his own mental illness, takes her own life.


His
latest
novel
is
Fearless
,
published
on
June
4
2007.
It
is
a
mythic,
political, dystopian fable a group of 1,000 girls confined to an institute in
a
time
of
terror.
Fearless

is
published
in
both
adult
and
young
adult
editions.
He
has
also
had
a
weekly
column
in
the
London
Evening
Standard.
2.
Allison
Pearson
(born
1960,
Carmarthen)
is
a
British
writer.
She
is
best-known
for
her
period
as
a
Daily
Mail

columnist
and
for
a
novel
published in 2002,
I Don't Know How She Does It
.
3.
The
Daily Mail

is
a
British,
daily
middle
market
tabloid
newspaper.
First published
in 1896 by
Lord Northcliffe,
it
is the
United Kingdom's
second
biggest-selling
daily
newspaper
after
The
Sun
.
The

Daily
Mail
was
Britain's
first
daily
newspaper
aimed
at
the
newly-literate

mass education, combining a
low
retail
price
with
plenty
of
competitions,
prizes
and
promotional
gimmicks
4. Stephanie Merritt (born 1974 in Surrey) is a critic and feature writer for
various publications including
The Times
, the
Daily Telegraph
, the
New
Statesman,
Zembla

and

Die
Welt
.
She
has
also
been
Deputy
Literary
Editor
and a staff writer at
The Observer
.
5.
Marian
Keyes
(born
10
September
1963)
is
an
Irish
novelist
and
non- fiction writer, best known for her work in women's literature.
6.
Sally
Hampton
(born
July
29,
1958
in
St.
Louis,
Missouri)
is
an


American writer and film producer living in Los Angeles, USA.
7.
Emma
Thompson
(born
15
April
1959)
is
an
English
actress,
comedienne and
screenwriter. Her first major film role was
in the 1989
romantic comedy
The T
all Guy
. In 1992, Thompson won multiple acting
awards, including an
Academy
and a
BAFTA Award for Best Actress
, for
her strong performance in the British drama
Howards End
.
8.
Coronation
Street
(affectionately
nicknamed
Corrie
)
is
a
British
prime-time
soap
opera
set
in
the
fictional
town
of
Weatherfield,
four
miles
in
either
direction
from
and
a
suburb
of
the
city
of
Manchester,
England.
Created
by
Tony
Warren,
Coronation
Street

is
the
longest
running and most watched British soap opera.

9.

Beverley
Callard
(born
March
28,
1957
in
Morley,
Leeds)

is
an
English
actress,
best
known
for
her
role
as
Liz
McDonald
in
ITV's
Coronation
Street
,
and
Floella
Henshaw
in
BBC
Three's
Two
Pints
of
Lager and a Packet of Crisps.
10.
The
Guardian

(until
1959,
The
Manchester
Guardian)
is
a
British
national daily newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Founded
in 1821, it is unique among major British newspapers in being owned by
a foundation (the Scott Trust, via the Guardian Media Group). It is known
for its left of centre political stance.
11. Kira Cochrane is a
the Guardian
writer.
12.
Dr.
Dorothy
Rowe
(born
December
1930)
is
an
Australian


psychologist and author, whose area of interest is depression. Dr. Rowe
currently resides in the United Kingdom.
Language Points
1.
The
decision
…

comes
hard
on
the
heels.
On
the
heel
of
something------very
soon
after
something.
This
expression
means
one
event followed straight after or very soon after the first one.
Example:
The
decision to by Peter came hard on the heels of the club
’
s
promotion to Sam
’
s.
2.
patches
of
acute
mental
distress------
a
bad/difficult/sticky/rough
patch means a period of time when you are having
a
lot of difficulties.

Example:
Gemma
’
s going through a bad patch right now.

3.
Unhappiness bleeds into depression.
If something bleeds into another
thing, it unfortunately can develop into a bad situation.


4.
That unsquareable circle alone.

The expression “
square the circle
”

is used to mean that achieving two aims which are complete opposites is
not possible. If something is unsquareable, it is impossible to have it done.
Here the woman has to choose between career and motherhood
–
the two
together is impossible
–
a circle cannot become a square.

5.
They want to love their bodies as they are, and yet feel attractive to
others.

The woman wants to be loved as she is
–
not having to follow
fashion, diets etc. She maybe a little fat, not be especially sexy / beautiful
figure etc. Y
et she wants to believe she is attractive as she is now.


6.
And
with
gender
roles
more
fluid
.
Gender
roles
mean
things
each
gender
used
to.
Fluid
here
is
used
as
a
verb
and
metaphor
meaning
change/movement
is
happening.
More
men
do
tasks
traditionally
the
women do.
e.g. cooking, washing up etc. and women
now drive the car
etc.

7.
Then there are historic forms of female disadvantage.
If something
has historic forms, it means it long exsists and very typical.

Word Study
1. incidentally adv. 1
）

introducing a different topic , by the way;

e.g. I have to go now. Incidentally, if you want that book, I'll
bring it next time.

2
）
in an incidental manner;

e.g. In our discussion this question was incidentally brought
up.

2
．
contradiction n. 1
）
opposition between two conflicting forces
or ideas.

seems to be a contradiction between her words and
actions.

2
）

(logic) a statement that is necessarily false.
e.g. The boss will not tolerate any contradiction.

3. irreconcilable adj. impossible to reconcile.

e.g. The partner's differences seem irreconcilable.

4. formidable adj. extremely impressive in strength or excellence.



e.g. A formidable prospect lies ahead of him.
5. imperative 1) adj. requiring attention or action.




e.g. It is imperative to act now.




2) n. some duty that is essential and urgent.
e.g.
Job
creation
has
become
an
imperative
for
the
government.



Keys to exercises
Text Comprehension:
Answer the following questions
1.


Uncertainty and confusion. (para 6 and 7)
2.


W
omen
’
s are not as straightforward as men
’
s. For example, men
can go
to work without thinking and feeling
guilty for not being
with the children. But women want to make their achievement in
their
jobs,
meanwhile,
they
want
to
be
with
the
children.
There
are many other examples from the article. (para 8 to 13)
3.


Their idea of being a family provider. (para14 and 17)
4.


They are not appreciative. They think it is the way it should be,
and they ignor men
’
s effort. (para 15 and16)
5.


No standard answers (para 19 and 22).
6.

No standard answers.


Structural Analysis of the Text:


Part one: (para.1 to para.4) poses the questions by introducing the true
stories first.
Pointing out the causes of women’s unhappiness “not
necessarily for the reasons they think they are.”(para4)

Part two: (para.5 to para.12) women’s source of unhappiness

Part three: (para.13 to para.18) differences between men and women.

Part four: (par
a.19 to para.22) the writer’s suggestions to solve the
problems.

Summary Writing
Why are depression rates rising among women? For women, the reasons
are much less straightforward, which is one reason why their unhappiness
is so much more distressing and difficult to treat. People can cope with a
great deal of unhappiness if they are clear about where the unhappiness
stems from and what can and can't be done about it. Modern women want
to
have
successful,
satisfying
careers
and
be
good
mothers
and
good
friends and valuable members of the local community. They also want to
remain desirable and fashionable. But to put these things into practice is
extremely difficult. Men do have it better
in some ways, partly because
their
desires
and
needs
are
more
straightforward.
Most
men
don
’
t
feel
guilty
about
not
seeing
their
children
except
in
the
evening
and
at
the
weekend. And most men don't follow fashion. Most significantly of all,


men don't worry too much about being
First, women need to lower
their expectations of themselves.
Second
，
rather than putting work, friends and children first, both men and women
should put one another first.
We should simply strive to be humble and
grateful.
V
ocabulary and Structure:
Keys
to
section
A:


1.
reconciled


2.
imperative


3.
contradiction


4.
existence



5.
inherit

6.
formidable

7.
sensitive




8. confess

9. Incidentally


10. conversely
Keys to section B:

1. B

2.A

3. A

4.B

5. A

6. A

7. A


8.D

9.B

10.C
Keys to close
2. partially

3. linked

5. positive

10. increase 9. impact


1. management

8. tolerance

7. relieve

4. builds


6. reaction
Keys to Further Reading
1. C

2. C

3. A

4.D

5. B
Translations
1
．

一位加拿大心理学教授已经鉴定出三种完美主义者：
自我要求 型
（要求自己达到完美）
，要求他人型（要求别人达到完美）和被要求
完美主义者（认 为别人要求他们达到完美）
。

2
．
他说完美主义者不仅怀有不现实 的高标准，而且认为他们自己和
别人都无法达到这些被拔高了的期望。