非洲鳄商务英语专业四级的考试术语解释.doc

2021年1月22日发(作者：1068)
商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

1. global company :
跨国公司

--a company that integrates its international biz activities
--A
multinational
corporation
or
multinational
enterprise
is
an
organization,
that
owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other
than the home country.
（维基百科）


2. joint venture :
合资企业

--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz
activities.

--a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested,
with the intention of working together.
（柯林斯词典）


3. merger &acquisition :
并购

--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets
of the other.
--transactions
in
which
the
ownership
ofcompanies,
otherbusiness
organizationsor
their operating units are transferred or combined.

4. distribution channel:
分销渠道；销售渠道

--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and
services from producer to consumer.


5. listed company :
上市公司

--a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.
--Apublic
company,publicly
traded
company,publicly
held
company,publicly
listed
company,
orpublic
corporationis
acorporationwhose
ownership
is
dispersed
among
the
general
public
in
many
shares
ofstockwhich
are
freely
traded
on
astock
exchangeor inover the countermarkets
场外交易市场
.
（维基百科）


6. Industrial complex :
工业生产基地

--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different
products.

7. brand recognition :
品牌认知（度）
；品牌识别

--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local
consumers.

8. specialty shop :
专卖店

--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.

9. household name
家喻户晓的名字

-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.
10. loss-maker :
亏损企业

--a biz that continually makes no profit.

11. home country :
祖国，母国

--the country on which a multinational corporation
’
s HQs is based.

12. quota :
配额，定额，限额

--a
restriction
on
the
quantity
of
imports
of
a
particular
product
that
a
country
impose.

13. market economy :
市场经济

--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices,
and investments.

14. new economy :
新经济

--
a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized
by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.
--
an
economic
system that
is
based
on
computers
and
modern
technology,
and
is
therefore dependent on educated workers.
（朗文词典）


15.
labor force :
劳动力

--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be
employed in the future.

16. bubble economy :

--an
economy
that
primarily
depends
on
banking,
financial
market
and
other
transient
短暂的

operation.

e capital :
风险资本

--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss.
--Venture capitalis capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure,
but that will bring large profits if they are successful.
（柯林斯词典）


18. biz cycle :
商业周期

--A
period
of
time
that
a
biz
goes
through
consists
of
four
stages--- boom
繁荣
,
recession
衰退
, depression
萧条
, recovery
复苏
.

19. stock market :
股票交易；证券市场，股票市场

--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.
-- the business of buying and sellingstocksandshares.
-- a place wherestocksandsharesare bought and sold.
（朗文词典）


20. product life cycle :
产品生命周期

--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four
stages, namely, introduction
投入期
, growth
成长期
, maturity
饱和期
and decline
衰
退期
.


21. Seed money=seed capital
启动资金

--the initial equity capital
股本
used to start a new venture or biz.
--the money you have available to start a new business.
（朗文词典）


22. liquidity
流动资产

--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.
-- In finance, a company'sliquidityis the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily
available.
资产折现力


23. exchange rate
汇率

--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.
--the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country
。


24. multinational company
跨国公司

--a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to
obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.

25. money market
货币市场，金融市场

--the
institutions
and
practices
through
which
short-term
funds
are
channeled
to
borrowers and entrepreneurs.
-- A country'smoney marketconsists of all the banks and other organizations that deal
with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange.
（柯林斯词典）

-- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially
foreign money, for profit.
（朗文词典）


26. collateral
担保物，抵押品

--property
or
an
item
of
value
acceptable
as
security
抵押品

for
a
loan
or
other
obligation.
被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产

--property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back
the money they lend you.
（朗文词典）


27. Dow- Jones Industrial Average
道琼斯工业平均指数

--an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of
30 leading industrial companies.


28. Blue chip
蓝筹股，优质股票

--a
stock
that
sells
at
high
price
because
of
public
confidence
in
its
long
record
of
steady earnings.

29. Nasdaq :
纳斯达克

--national association of securities dealers automated quotations.
全国证券交易商自
动报价系统协会

--TheNasdaq
Stock
Market
is
an
Americanstock
exchange.
It
is
thesecond-largest
exchangein
the
world
bymarket
capitalization,
behind
only
theNew
York
Stock
Exchange
纽约证券交易所
located in the same city.
（维基百科）


30. (insurance) policy
保险单

--the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to
the policy holder
投保人

by company

31. public relations
公共关系，公关

--PR,
the
activity
of
keeping
good
relationships
between
an
organization
and
the
people outside it.

32. depression :
萧条，不景气

--a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by
decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.
国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。


33. Trade deficit
贸易赤字

--imports minus exports of goods and services.

34. Speculation
投机

--engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit

35. Value added tax
增值税

--an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental
增值
的
increases
on
the
value
of
goods
through
the
chain
of
production,
from
the
raw
material phase to final consumption.
增值税是向消 费征收的间接税，
它反映了商品
从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。


36. Fair trade
公平贸易

--trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement

37. Subsidy
补贴

--a
payment
or
contribution
paid
for
the
manufacture,
production,
or
export
of
a
good or product.
--financial benefit direct or indirect from government to producers or exporters.

38. Rebate
减税，折扣

--a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in
payment.

39. tax exemption
免税

--the freedom for having to pay tax

40. FDI
外国直接投资

--the funds committed to a foreign enterprise.
An investor who buys 10 percent or
more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The
investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise.

41. free trade
自由贸易

--trade between nations without protective customs tariff.

42. tariff
关税

--duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.

43. globalization
全球化

--the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that
attracted special attention in the late 1990s.

44. anti-dumping duty
反倾销税

--tariff levied on dumped imports.

45. trade barrier
贸易壁垒

--any
barrier
that
may
impede
the
import
of
goods,
such
as
quota,
testing
or
certification.

46. import substitution
进口替代

--a
strategy
which
emphasizes the replacement of
imports
with domestically
made
goods,
rather
than
the
production
of
goods
for
export,
to
encourage
the
development of domestic industry.

47. arbitration
仲裁

--the
process
by
which
the
parties
to
a
dispute
submit
their
differences
to
the
judgment
of
an
impartial
person
or
a
group
appointed
by
mutual
consent
or
statutory provision
（指定条款）


48. balance sheet
资产负债表
,
缩写

B.S.
--a
financial
statement
that
reports
the
assets
and
equities
of
a
company
at
a
particular time.
一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、
负债和所有者投资的列表说
明。


49. return
收益

--a profit or yield, as from labor or investment.

50. cash flow
现金流

--The
cash
receipts
or
net
income
from
one
or
more
assets
for
a
given
period,
reckoned
after
taxes
and
other
disbursements,
and
often
used
as
a
measure
of
corporate worth.
现金流出量：
在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，
扣除税收和其它支付金
额外所得的现金收入 或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值


51. labor-intensive
劳动密集型

--requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital

52. net earnings
净收益，净盈利

--the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted.

53. productivity
生产力

--the
rate
at
which
goods
or
services
are
produced,
especially
output
per
unit
of
labor.

54. market share
市场份额

--the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures.

55.
workforce
劳动力
,
工人总数
:
the
group
of
people
who
work
in
an
industry,
company, country.

56. income disparity : inequality in income distribution.

57. equity
资产，股本

: common stock
普通股

and preferred stock
优先股

which
represent ownership to a biz organization

58.
outsource
外协生产

:
to
farm
out
包出

(work,
for
example)
to
an
outside
provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost.
外界供应：
为缩减开支而把
（如工作）
包给外界的供应者或生产者


59. lead time
订货至交货的时间

--the
period
of
time
between
the
actual
ordering
of
parts
or
equipment
and
the
delivery of them.

60. acquisition
收购

--when a company takes over another one and clearly becomes the new owner, the
purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout.

61. initial public offering (IPO)
首次公开发行

--private company
’
s first offer of its stock to the public

62. merger
合并

--the union or combination of two or more commercial interests or corporations.

63. liquidity squeeze
流动性短缺，头寸紧张