oguma20120609新托福阅读考题回顾

2021年1月22日发(作者：按下按钮)
2012.06.09
新托福阅读考题回顾

考试日期

Passage 1
罐头的发展

和

铁路的发展

Title:

有罐头技术的普及。刚开始的时候罐 头刚发明，很多人不买账，因为价格太贵了而且
不好打开，
要用工具打开
（有题），
后来价格降低了，
大家就接受了。
后来说到
railway,
交通运输的发展，当铁路通到某处（
Chicago
等）的时候，它们代替了原来的一些东< br>西。


英文原文阅读：

【老托福
96-01
】类似保鲜技术的发展

Aside from perpetuating itself, the
sole
purpose of the American Academy
and
Institute
of
Arts
and
Letters
is
to

assist
and
sustain
an
interest
in literature, music, and art. This it does by enthusiastically handing out
money.
Annual
cash
awards
are
given
to
deserving
artists
in
various
categories
of creativity: architecture, musical composition, theater, novels, serious
poetry,
light
verse,
painting,
sculpture.
One
award
subsidizes
a
promising
American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work
大致内容

of
fiction
that
failed
commercially
—
once
won
by
the
young
John
Updike
for
The
2012.06.09

Poorhouse Fair
and, more recently, by Alice Walker for
In Love and
Trouble
The awards and prizes total about $$750,000 a year, but most of them
range
in
size
from
$$5,000
to
$$12,500,
a
welcome
sum
to
many
young
practitioners
whose work may not bring in that much money in a year. One of the advantages
of
the
awards
is
that
many
go
to
the
struggling
artists,
rather
than
to
those
who are already successful.

Members of the Academy and Institute are not eligible for any cash prizes.
Another

advantage is that, unlike the National Endowment for the Arts or
similar institutions throughout the world, there is no government money
involved.
Awards are made by committee. Each of the three departments
—
Literature (120
members), Art (83), Music (47)
—
has a committee dealing with its own field.
Committee membership
rotates
every year, so that new voices and opinions
are constantly heard.
The most financially rewarding of all the Academy-Institute awards are the
Mildred
and
Harold
Strauss
Livings.
Harold
Strauss,
a
devoted
editor
at
Alfred
A. Knopf, the New York publishing house, and Mildred Strauss, his wife, were
wealthy and childless. They left the Academy-Institute a unique bequest: for
five consecutive years, two distinguished (and financially needy) writers
would receive enough money so
they
could devote themselves entirely to

distract). In 1983, the first Strauss Livings of $$35,000 a year went to
short-story writer Raymond Carver and novelist-essayist Cynthia Ozick. By
1988, the fund had grown enough so that two winners, novelists Diane Johnson
and Robert Stone, each got $$50,000 a year for five years.

【
98-10
】美国铁路发展类似文章

Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North
American behavior.
Republican in 1883,
homogeneous, breaking through the peculiarities and provincialisms which
marked separate and unmingling sections.
The
railroad simultaneously
stripped the landscape
of the
natural
resources,
made
velocity
of
transport
and
economy
of
scale
necessary
parts
of
industrial
production, and carried consumer goods to households;it
dispatched
immigrants
to
unsettled
places,
drew
emigrants
away
from
farms
and
villages
to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. It standardized time and travel,
seeking to
annihilate
distance and space by allowing movement at any time
and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive terminals
and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths,
French chateaus and Italian bell towers-edifices that people used as stages
for many of everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and
worrying, planning new starts or coming home.
Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over
spots, spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited
sped
between
Chicago
and
New
York
in
twenty
hours
by
1915).
Equally
important
to
everyday
life
were
the
slow
freight
trans
chugging
through
industrial
zones,
the morning and evening commuter locals shuttling back ions and urban
terminals, and the incessant comings and goings that occurred in the
classifications, or switching, er, in addition to its being a
transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks
signals,
crossings,
bridges,
and
junctions,
plus
telegraph
and
telephone
lines
the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and
generating stations, forming along its right- of-way what has
aptly
been
called
Passage 2
非洲人的服饰

Title:

大致内容

Passage 3
农业的起源

Title:

讲农业的起源应该是灌溉。第一段说四大文明都是发源于灌溉，第一 段有一个题，跟
几个文明有关但是记不真切了。第二段提到一个人写的一本书，目的是引出下文（有题），下边大半篇都在说这本书。书中说，古时代距离河较近的方便灌溉，就有更多
的财富（有题） ，因此会有贫富差距；后来人们想办法建河道引水灌溉，后来还促进
了
army
的产生 ，因为要保护河道不被破坏（有题）。后来说这本书虽然至今都有影
响，但是有一些逻辑上的错误（有题 ，是最后一段还是倒数第二段的开头，改写），
然后阐述它的错误。最后说但是现在因为缺乏具体的事实 证据，也不能说它真的就是
错误的。


英文原文阅读：

【老托福
2003-10
】
Both
in
what
is
now
the
eastern
and
the
southwestern
United
大致内容

States,
the
peoples
of
the
Archaic
era
(8,000-1,000
B.C)
were,
in
a
way,
already
adapted to beginnings of cultivation through their intensive gathering and
processing of wild plant foods. In both areas, there was a well- established
ground
stone
tool
technology,
a
method
of
pounding
and
grinding
nuts
and
other
plant foods, that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods. By the end of
the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain
native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or
marsh
elder;
and
squash
or
gourds
of
some
kind.
These
provided
seeds
that
were
important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet.

The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys
of the Midwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as
7,000
years
ago
and
domestication
beginning
4,000
to
2,000
years
ago.
Although
本篇讲非洲人的服饰，比较容易，从服饰起源，意义，对现在的影响几个方面讨论。