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Comprehension
I. Judge which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the
article.
A.
To be able to use the right word is an important component
of one’s mastery of the
English language.
B.
To facilitate one’s own process of cognition and one’s
communication
with
others,
one
must
be
able
to
choose
the
right
word
from
the extensive vocabulary of the English language.
C.
It is more important to know exactly the meaning and use
of
a
relatively
small
number
of
words
than
to
know
vaguely
a
larger
number.
II.
Determine
which
is
the
best
choice
for
each
of
the
following
questions.
1. “Clean English” in the first paragraph means
.
A. English of a dignified style
B. English free from swear words
C. English which is precise and clear
word “realization” in the sentence “Choosing words is part of
the process of realization…” means
.
A.
articulating sounds
B.
fulfilling one’s goals
C.
becoming aware of what one thinks and feels
3. The example given in para. 3 of a man searching for the right word
for
his
feelings
about
his
friend
illustrates
the
function
words
perform
in
.
A.
defining out thoughts and feelings for ourselves
B.
defining
our
thoughts
and
feelings
for
those
who
hear us
C.
both A and B
4. The word “cleanly” in the last sentence means
.
A.
squarely
B.
clearly
C.
neatly
examples of the untranslatability of some words given in para. 11
best illustrate which sentence of the paragraph?
A.
The first sentence.
B.
The second sentence.
C.
The third sentence.
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III. Answer the following questions.
1. Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between
the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?
2. What does the word “this” in sentence 1, para. 2, refer to?
3. Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in
the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see
what I say”? Why
or why not?
4. Explain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para. 9,
though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s
purpose.
5. What is the difference between “human” and “humane”? And the
difference
between
“human
action”
and
“humane
action”,
and
also
that
between “human killer” and “humane killer”?
6. What does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be
alive to these differences” (para. 9) mean?
7.
Why
is
it
difficult
and
sometimes
even
impossible
to
translate
a
word
from one language into another as illustrated in para. 11? Supply some
such examples with English and Chinese.
8. The writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled
use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. Identify the places
where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.
Language Work
I. Read the following list of words and consider carefully the meaning
of
each
word.
Then
complete
each
of
the
sentences
below
using
the
correct
form of an appropriate word from the list.
Creep
Loiter
March
Meander
Pace
Patrol
Plod
Prowl
Ramble
Roam
Saunter
Shuffle
Stagger
Stalk
Step
Stride
Strut
Stroll
Toddle
Tramp
Tread
Trudge
Walk
1.
After
the
maths
examination
Fred,
feeling
exhausted,
across the campus.
2. The soldiers reached their camp after
15 miles through
the deep snow.
3. It is pleasant to
in the park in the evening.
4. After the cross-country race Jack
to the changing room.
5. Last
night when
he
sleepily
to
the
ringing telephone,
he
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accidentally bumped into the wardrobe.
6. We saw him
towards the station a few minutes before the
train’s departure.
7. The old couple
through the park, looking for a secluded
bench to sit on and rest.
8.
The
newly-appointed
general
about
the
room
like
a
latter-day Napoleon.
9. Peter whistled happily as he
along the beach.
10. These old people liked to
about the antique ruins in
search of a shady picnic spot.
11. Many tourists
about the mall, windowshopping.
12.
We
were
fascinated
by
the
view
outside
the
room----a
beautiful
verdant
meadow and brooks
through it.
13. Mary used to
about the hills and pick wild flowers for
her mother.
14. Eager to see the pony in the stable, the children
down
the staircase, their hearts pounding violently.
15.
The
lion
had
the
jungle
for
a
long
time
before
it
caught
sight of a hare.
16. My brother began to
when he was ten months old.
17.
The
farmers often
let
their
horses
freely
in
the
meadow
so that they could eat their fill of grass.
18.
The
patrols
were
along
through
the
undergrowth
when
the
bomb exploded.
19. The thugs were reported to be
the streets for women
workers who were on their way home after the afternoon shift.
20. The first-year students not only learned how to
, they
were
also
taught
how
to
take
aim
and
shoot
when
they
had
military
training.
21.
Sometimes
Tom,
our
reporter,
would
up
and
down
the
study,
deep in thought.
22. When he was
Third Street, Fred found the little match
girl lying dead at the street corner.
23. Secretaries hated seeing their new manager
in and out
of the office without even casting a glance at them.
24. Mother asked us to
lightly so as not to wake Granny.
25. The refugees
for miles and miles all day hunting for a
place to work.
26.
When
the
pop
singer
out
of
the
car,
his
fans
ran
to
him,
eager to get his autograph.
27. The laborers
on their way home after working in the
plantation the whole day.
lion was feeling pretty good as he (A)
through the
jungle. Seeing a tiger, the lion stopped it.
“Who is the King of the jungle?” the lion demanded.
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“You, O lion, are the King of the jungle,” replied the tiger.
Satisfied, the lion (B)
on, until he came across a large,
ferocious-looking leopard.
“Who is
the King of
the
jungle?”
asked
the lion,
and
the leopard
bowed
in awe. “You, mighty lion, you are the King of the jungle,” it s
aid
humbly and (C)
off.
Feeling on top of the world, the lion proudly (D)
up to a
huge
elephant
and
asked
the
same
question.
“Who
is
the
King
of
the
jungle?”
Without answering, the elephant picked up the lion, swirled him round
in the air, smashed him to the ground and jumped on him.
“Look,” said the lion, “there’s no need to get mad just because you
didn’t know the answer.”
II.
Make
a
list
of
more specific
words
for each
of
the
following
general
terms. For example, for WALK, you could list
stride, stroll, saunter,
plod, toddle
and so on. Give sentences to illustrate how the words may
be used.
1. SAY 2. SEE 3. BEVERAGE 4. EXCITEMENT 5. DELIGHT 6. SKILFUL
III.
In
the
following
sentences
three
alternatives
are
given
in
parentheses for the italicized words. Select the one which you think is
most suitable in the context.
1. A
clumsy
(heavy, stupid, unskillful) workman is likely to find fault
with his tools.
2. As John was a
deft
(skillful, clever, ready) mechanic, he was hired
by the joint- venture in no time.
3. The writer made a point of avoiding using
loose
(vague, unbound,
disengaged) terminology in his science fiction.
4. We didn’t appreciate
his
subtle
(delicate,
tricky, profound) scheme
to make money at the expense of the customers.
5.
Annie
Oakl
ey
became
famous
as
one
of
the
world’s
most
precise
(accurate, scrupulous, rigid) sharpshooters.
6. The government
in
that newly- independent country
has decided to make
a
shift
(alteration, turn, transference) in its foreign policies.
7.
Misunderstanding
arose
on
account
of
the
vague
(undetermined,
confused,
ambiguous) instructions on the part of the manager.
8. If soldiers do not pay
scrupulous
(exact, vigilant, conscientious)
attention to orders they will not defeat the enemy.
9.
In some
areas,
the
virgin
forest has been
cut
through
ignorance
(blindness, want of knowledge, darkness) of the value of trees.
10.
Since
many
pure
metals
have
such
disadvantages
(harm,
unfavourableness, drawbacks) as being too soft
and
being
liable
to rust
too easily, they have little use.
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