沙克犬2014年考研英语二真题及解析

2021年1月22日发(作者：尽力而为)
2014
年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语
(
二
)
试题

Section I Use of English


Directions:


Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER
SHEET. (10 points)


Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___
that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of
some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually
___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the
elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.


Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body
mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often
considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can
be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.


While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some
people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate
and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small
frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their
faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for
rs,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young
children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own
hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness
initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high- visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our
greatest national security threat.



1. [A] denied








[B] concluded


[C] doubled



[D] ensured


2. [A] protective




[B] dangerous


[C] sufficient



[D]troublesome


3. [A] Instead







[B] However


[C] Likewise


[D] Therefore
[D] example


4. [A] indicator





[B] objective



[C] origin






5. [A] impact








[
B] relevance



[C] assistance




[
D] concern


6. [A] in terms of



[B] in case of



[C] in favor of



7. [A] measures






[
B] determines


[C] equals


[D] in of
[D] modifies


8. [A] in essence




[B] in contrast


[C] in turn







[D] in part
1



9. [A] complicated



[B] conservative
[C] variable






[D] straightforward


10. [A] so








11. [A] shape






12. [A] start





[B]
while




[B] spirit





[B] quality



[C] since









[D] unless
[C] balance







[D] taste
[C] retire








[D] stay


13. [A] strange






[B] changeable

[C] normal








[D] constant


14. [A] option



[B] reason



[C] opportunity



[D] tendency
[C] imitated






[D] monitored
[D] associated


15. [A] employed



[B] pictured




16. [A] computed




17. [A] Even





[B] combined


[C] settled







[B] Still





[C] Yet











[D] Only
[C] ignored







[D] grounded
[C] policies







[D] studies


18. [A] despised




[B] corrected


19. [A] discussions


[B] businesses



20. [A] for






[B] against




[C] with









[D] without


Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1

What would you do with $$590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84yearold widow who recently
emerged from her small, tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes
her newfound fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth
Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be
counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with
these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes oldhat; regret creeps in. It is far
better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to
the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time
—
as stories or memories
—
particularly if they involve
feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for
your buck.” It seems most people would be better off if they cou
ld shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with
friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year
doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for
oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's
restricts the availability of its popular McRib
—
a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of
obsession.
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy
happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good
and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure
2

of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandati
ng more
holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing
it was money well spent.
21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A] A big house.



[B] A special tour.


[C] A stylish car.


[D] A rich meal.
22. The author's attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is ________.

[A] critical



[B] supportive



[C] sympathetic


[D] ambiguous
23. McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that ________.
[A] consumers are sometimes irrational
[B] popularity usually comes after quality
[C] marketing tricks are after effective
[D] rarity generally increases pleasure
24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ________.
[A] has left much room
for readers’ criticism

[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US
[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement
25. This text mainly discusses how to ________.
[A] balance feeling good and spending money
[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think
you’re more
beautiful than you are. We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-
enhancing strategies to research
into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that,
for
example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with
others
—
all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and
apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness.
Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of
themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition,
reads the
study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious
deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—
which must did
—
they genuinely believed it was really
how they looked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who selfenhance the
must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for
profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly
corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self
esteem. “I don't think the findings that we having
have are any evidence of per
sonal delusion”, says Epley. “It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of
themselves’. If you are depressed, you won't be self
enhancing.
Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerally
—
on
one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a selfenhancer's paradise,
where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and life
styles. “It's not
that people's profiles are dishonest”, says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university,” but they portray an idealized
version of themselves.
26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that ________.
[A] our selfratings are unrealistically high




[B] illusory superiority is a baseless effect
[C] our need for leadership is unnatural






[D] selfenhancing strategies are ineffective
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people's ________.
[A] rapid watching


[B] conscious choice

[C] intuitive response


[D] automatic selfdefence
28. Epley found that people with higher selfesteem tended to ________.
[A] underestimate their insecurities




[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions








[D] oversimplify their illusions
3

29. The word “viscerally” (Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ________.

[A] instinctively



[B] occasionally



[C] particularly




[D] aggressively
30. It can be inferred that Facebook is selfenhancer's paradise because people can ________.
[A] present their dishonest profiles





[B] define their traditional life styles
[C] share their intellectual pursuits





[D] withhold their unflattering sides
Text 3

The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most
acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now
simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by
machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to
restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.
When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be
immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the
book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital
Business.
This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says
Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.
Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U. S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that
leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs
that machines can perform much
better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.
It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of
work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative
and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That's not something machines are good at. They are
designed to perform very predictable activities.
As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against
the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human
labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather,
“
how do we innovate our
institutions and our work practices?
”

31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ________.
[A] ease the competition of man vs. Machine
[B] highlight machines' threat to human jobs
[C] provoke a painful technological revolution
[D] outmode our current economic structure
32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that ________.
[A] technology is diminishing man's job opportunities
[B] automation is accelerating technological development
[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation
[D] man will finally win the race against machine
33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U. S. are often ________.
[A] performed by innovative minds










[B] scripted with an individual style
[C] standardized without a clear target








[D] designed against human creativity

34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ________.
[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice

[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently
[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times

[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace
35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices?






[B] Machines will Replace Human Labor
[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines?



[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations
Text 4

When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways,
broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.
4

Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the
real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to
shove for attention among multibillionpound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.
But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not
building enough new homes.
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put
historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that
George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local
authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60, 000 extra new homes could be built over the
next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on
the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.
But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up
to the fact that the existing
￡
4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015
，
is unlikely to
be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending
plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of largescale
public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.
While the government’s commitment to long
-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more
affordable housing is real and is not going away.
36. The author believes that the housing sector ________.
[A] has attracted much attention














[B] involves certain political factors
[C] shoulders too much responsibility










[D] has lost its real value in economy
37. It can be learned that affordable housing has ________.
[A] increased its home supply

















[B] offered spending opportunities
[C] suffered government biases
















[D] disappointed the government
38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may ________.
[A] allow greater government debt for housing




[B] stop local authorities from building homes
[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt









[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast
39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would ________.
[A] lower the costs of registered providers





[B] lessen the impact of government interference
[C] contribute to funding new developments







[D] relieve the ministers of responsibilities
40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may ________.
[A] implement more policies to support housing




[B] review the need for largescale public grants
[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme

[D] stop generous funding to the housing sector
Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding
information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including
Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio
and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.
The British Land Art, typified by Long's piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its
American counterpart.
Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the
works themselves, Long's photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past, the photograph is its sole
embodiment.
5

That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of blackandwhite
photographs and relatively few natural objects.
Long is Britain's bestknown Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach
laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for
its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of
the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brickstrewn waste ground, is one of the few works
here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.
Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funny Across the Park, in which a long-
haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be
different parts of the same photograph.
Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are
traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn't apparent at the
time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily
understood. Derek Jarman's yellowtinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire
landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.
In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can't help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of
walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful blackandwhite photograph taken on an epic
walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but
relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscapeorientated light
conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallerybound as the
paintings of Turner and Constable.


[A] originates from a long walk that the artist took
41. Stone Circle
[B] illustrates a kind of landscape- orientated light conceptual art
42. Olaf StreetStudy
[C] reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.
43. Across the Park
[D] represents the elegance of the British land art
44. Towards Avebury
[E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art
45. Seven days
[F] embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors

[G] contains images from different parts of the same photograph.

Section III Translation

Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the
kind of false cheerfulness t
hat positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with
reality,” says Tal Ben
-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best
of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
6

Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down --- say, after giving a bad lecture
——
he grants
himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less
effective than others. Next is reconstruction.
He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is
perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one le
cture really doesn’t matter.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47.
Directions:

Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to
1) tell him about your living habits, and
2) ask for advice about living there.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not

use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not
write your address. (10 points)
Part B

48
. Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, You should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

















7

2014
年全国硕士研究生招生考试英 语
(
二
)
答案详解

Section

Ⅰ
Use of English

文章分析

本文是一 篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。第一段引出作者对身材的看法：并不是越瘦就证明人越
健康。第 二段中作者介绍了一种定义肥胖症的指标
BMI
。第三段中作者指出
BMI
其 实揭示的是人体的脂肪量，
并不是说明身材好坏的指数。第四段中讲述了整个社会其实会给肥胖者贴上消 极标签，无论是在电视节目中还
是在孩子们的心目中，
胖人的形象总是与消极联系起来。
最后一段讲述了人们以健康的角度去考虑肥胖的影响，
和已经采取的一些对抗肥胖的种种策略。

试题解析

Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have __1__ that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of
some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are healthy conditions for which being overweight is
actually __2__. For example, heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. __3__,
among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an __4__ of good health.

【译文】太瘦也不总是好事。一些研究已经得 出结论：正常体重的人实际上比一些超重的人更容易患上某些疾
病。有些肥胖对健康还有保护作用。例如 稍微超重的女性跟消瘦的女性相比，不易受到钙质缺乏的影响。同样
的，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是 身体健康的标志。

1.

[A] denied
否认

[B] concluded
得出结论

[C] doubled
两倍，加倍努力

[D] ensured
确保

【答案】
B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】
空 格所在句意为
“一系列的研究已经
________
，
事实上，
正常 体重的人患病风险要高于超重的人”
。
根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究结论，因此
B
项
concluded
符合题意。

【命题思路】本题根据上下文所给信息判断答案，同时也考查考生对相近含义的词汇辨析。
< br>【干扰排除】
A
项
denied
“否认”，与原文意义相反；
C
项
doubled
“翻倍”，与题意较远；
D
项
ensu red
“确
保”，不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。

2.

[A] protective
防护的，保护的

[B] dangerous
危险的

[C] sufficient
足够的，充分的

[D] troublesome
麻烦的

【答案】
A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有
________
”。根 据前文研究的结论，下文
的举例说明是对该句的具体论述。综上可知，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明 超重具有一定的保护作用。

【命题思路】本题根据上下文所给信息判断答案，同时也考查考生对形容词的辨析。

【干扰排除】句首以
And
开头，说明在语义上该句与上一句是并列相关的，强调肥 胖对健康的好处。
B
项
dangerous
“危险的”，与文章意思相反；
C
项
sufficie nt
“充足的”，
D
项
troublesome
“麻烦的”，不符合
题意。

8

3.

[A] Instead
代替，反而

[B] However
然而，不管怎样

[C] Likewise
同样地

[D] Therefore
因此

【答案】
C

【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】第四、五句话举例说明。“体重较重的女人患缺钙的 比例低于较瘦的女人。
________
，在老年人
中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的
________
”。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A
项
Instead
和
B
项
However
表示逆接的句意关系，
D
项
Therefore
表示因果关系。只有
C
项
Lik ewise
“同样地；也，而且”，表示
顺接关系，符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义关系的理解。

【干扰排除】这个题目的难点在于 为什么不能将最后一句理解为跟上文相反的转折关系呢，比如：然而，在老
年人中，一定程度上超重是身 体健康的
(
克星
/
障碍
)
，但是下文的第四个空给的备选词 并没有类似括号里我们猜
测的消极含义词汇，所以，所猜想的转折语义关系也不成立，只能选表示顺接关 系的词汇
likewise
。

4.

[A] indicator
指标

[B] objective
目标

[C] origin
来源

[D] example
实例；例证

【答案】
A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“同样的，一定程度上超重，经常是 健康的
________
”。根据前面的文章内容，
已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因 此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为
A
项。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的正确把握。

【干扰排除】
干扰性强的是
B
项，

有考生会将其理解为< br>“客观物质”
，
但原文结构中此处需要一个名词，
objective
“客观的”是形容词，
objective
作名词时意为“目标”，另有考生被形近词
objection
“反对”干扰。

Of even greater __5__ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined __6__ body
mass index, or BMI. BMI __7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often
considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, __8__,
can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

【译文】需要更加关注 是，很难对肥胖加以定义。肥胖经常根据身体质量指数来定义，或叫做
BMI
，它等于身
体重量除以身高平方。正常成年人的是
BMI
值应该在
18
～
2 5
之间。
25
～
30
的话视为超重。
30
以上视为 肥胖。
肥胖依次能够分为中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。

5.

[A] impact
影响，效果

[B] relevance
相关性

[C] assistance
辅助

[D] concern
关系，关心

【答案】
D

【考点】词义辨析

9

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“需要更加< br>________
是，很难对肥胖加以定义”。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利
健康，但是 又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥胖的定义，其他选项均不符合
题意， 所以正确答案为
D
项。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的正确把握。

【干扰排除】
A
项
impact
“影响，
效果”
，
B
项
relev ance
“相关性”
，
C
项
assistance
“辅助”
此处空格前有
even
greater
来修饰，将这几个干扰项的名词含 义代入检测，都与上文没有必要的相关性，所以都不可作为答案。

6.

[A] in terms of
依据，根据

[B] in case of
万一，假设

[C] in favor of
有利于，支持

[D] in respect of
关于，涉及

【答案】
A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句 意为“肥胖经常
________
体质指数，或称为
BMI
来定义”。下文根 据
BMI
指数的不
同对肥胖进行了分级。由此可知，
BMI
是一种根 据。
A
项
in terms of
意为“根据……

，就……

而言”，符合
句意，
为正确答案。
在医学研究和 临床测试中经常使用
BMI
作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，
希望考生能够记
住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查常见词组的辨析。

【干扰排除】
B
项
in case of
“万一，假设”，
C
项
in favor of
“赞成，以……来取代”，
D
项
in respect of
“关
于”。将此三项代入文中，均不符合题意。这些短语的考查频率非常高，有些已经成为真题中常见的 干扰项，
同学们在复习时要加强记忆。

7.

[A] measures
测量

[B] determines
决定

[C] equals
等同于

[D] modifies
修改

【答案】
C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】
空格所在句意为
“
BMI ________
体重除以身高的平方”
。
此处用文字叙述了
BMI
指数得出的方法，
也就是一个数学公式，所以
equals
符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。

【干扰排除】
A
项是强干扰项，
有考生看到空格后面是一些计算
BMI
的方法，
可能 在不太清楚句意的时候会联
想到“测量”的概念，实际上这里需要选择“所指，等同于”的概念。

8.

[A] in essence
本质上

[B] in contrast
相反

[C] in turn
轮流，依次

[D] in part
部分地

【答案】
C

【考点】词义辨析

10

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“肥胖
________
能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖 ”。根据语境，本句是
将肥胖依次分级，分析四个选项，
A
项
in essence
“事实上，本质上”，
B
项
in contrast
“相反地”，
C
项
in turn
“依次”，
D
项
in part
“部分地”，
C
项符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查相似介词短语辨析。

【干扰排除】此处 需要一个插入语来顺成上下文的关系，由于下文也没有揭示肥胖构成的事实，所以
A
项不成< br>立。上下文不存在对立关系，所以不能选
B
项。
D
项不符合语义。
While such numerical standards seem __9__
，
they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body
fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, __10__ others with a low BMI may be in poor __11__. For
example, many collegiate and professional football players __12__ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.
Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a __13__ BMI.

【译文】虽 然这些数字标准看起来直截了当，实际却不是这样。肥胖相比体重而言，更强调脂肪含量。有些人
BMI
值很高，但是身材却相当好，有些人
BMI
值虽然低，但是体型却很差。例如，有 些职业足球运动员被认
为很胖，但是身体脂肪量却很低。相反，一些小个头的胖子
BMI
值却正常。

9.

[A] complicated
复杂的，难懂的

[B] conservative
保守的

[C] variable
可变的，易变的

[D] straightforward
简单的，直接的

【答案】
D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来
________
， 实际上不是的”。这里的数字标
准指肥胖指数，
且下文也讲述了
BMI
指数 的高低并不与身材的好坏成正比，
只是这些数字看起来好像能反映与
身材之间的关系而已。D
项
straightforward
“直截了当的”，符合题意，因此为正确答 案。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义的理解，并考查形容词辨析。

【 干扰排除】
肥胖指数分为三类，
而且算法比较简单，
所以
A
项
complicated
“复杂的”
不正确。
B
项
conserv ative
“保守的”
，
用于描述一种数学公式，
不恰当。
一名患者 或一名受试者的
BMI
一般是确定的，
因此
C
项
varia ble
“可变的”也不符合题意。

10.

[A] so
所以

[B] while
然而

[C] since
既然，自从

[D] unless
除非

【答案】
B

【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】空格所在句 意为“一些人有很高的
BMI
，实际上身材正好，
________
其他人有 较低的
BMI
指数，
可能
________
”。从前半句可看出，有 些人的
BMI
指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里
说明的是反常 的现象，后半句是其他人的
BMI
指数较低，而
________
较差。四个 选项中只有
while
有转折的含
义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为
B
项。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文语义关系的正确把握。

【干扰排除】
A
项表示因果关系，
C
项表示原因或让步关系，
D项表示让步关系，都不能体现上下文之间的对
立关系，非正确答案。

11.

11

[A] shape
形状，身材

[B] spirit
精神，心灵

[C] balance
平衡，匀称

[D] taste
味道，品味

【答案】
A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本句可简化为：
Some
…
are fit, while others
…
may be in poor ________.
从中可看出前 后意义相反，
且
fit(
体型健康的
)
与
in poor ______
对应，与之最相关是
A
项
shape
“外形”，故为正确答案。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的正确把握。

【干扰排除】
根据上面分析，< br>只要看出前后两句之间明显的对立且对应关系，
将其他干扰答案项代入，
“精神”
、
“均衡”、“品味”都与原文相差较远，可以排除。

12.

[A] start
开始，启动

[B] qualify
使有资格，被认为

[C] retire
退休

[D] stay
停留，坚持

【答案】
B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本句顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型 肥胖。接着举例说有些专业足球运动员
_____________
是肥胖的，然而他们的身体 脂肪量却很低。
B
项
qualify
“被认为”符合句意，正确。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文句意的正确把握。

【干扰排除】将
A
、
C
、
D
项代入文中，“开始”、“退休”和“停留”不符合句意。

13.

[A] strange
奇怪的

[B] changeable
可改变的

[C] normal
正常的

[D] constant
不变的，恒定的

【答案】
C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】干扰排除本句不难理解，因为句首有
con versely
与上文构成语义对立，

讲有些人个头小，脂肪量
过高，但是
BMI
却
_____________
。所需词汇明显是积极方向的，
C
项“正常的”，为正确答案。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文句意的正确把握。

【干扰排除】根据句意，排除A
、
B
项。
D
项属于比较中性的词，且不符合句意。

Today we have a(an) __14__ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes __15__ in the media
with their faces covered. Stereotypes __16__ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for
success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. __17__
very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in
schools.
【译文】今天我们都有向肥胖贴歧视标签的趋势。媒体中呈现肥胖者时通常 把他们的脸盖起来。与肥胖联系起
来的原型总是包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。教师，雇 员和健康工作者都是对肥胖抱有偏见。
甚至小孩子也看不起肥胖的者，在学校嘲笑身材体型不好的同学一 直是一个存在的问题。

14.
12

[A] option
选择
(
权
)
[B] reason
原因

[C] opportunity
机会

[D] tendency
趋势

【答案】
D
【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在的后半句：
to label obesity as disgrace(
给肥胖贴上丢人的标签
)
，作为空格处的 后置定语。
下文也在讲述媒体、老师、雇员、健康工作者和孩子们都倾向于鄙视肥胖症的。
D< br>项符合句意。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文信息的理解。

【干扰 排除】将
A
、
B
、
C
三个选项，“选择
(
权
)
”、“理由”、“机会”代入空格处，均与文意不符。

15.

[A] employed
雇佣

[B] pictured
描绘

[C] imitated
模仿

[D] monitored
监控

【答案】
B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】上句提到了我们都倾向于给肥胖贴上歧视的标签，空 格所在句提到了媒体，媒体中将肥胖者的面
部成像都进行了面部隐藏处理。根据语境，四个选项中，跟媒 体相关的词汇只有
C
项
picture
“刻画，描写，描
述”，因此 为正确答案。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。

【干扰排除】此处所提供的选项都是过去分词作
the overweight
的后置定语，
A
项代入后可理解为“被媒体雇
佣的肥 胖者”，但是后面的介词应该用
by
。
C
、
D
两项代入后语 义与全文不符。

16.

[A] computed
计算

[B] combined
联合

[C] settled
固定

[D] associated
联系

【答案】
D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格所在句 意为“肥胖会与原型
________
包括懒惰、缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高”。空格< br>后面提到的懒惰、
缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高都是与肥胖进行的人为关联，
分析四 个选项，
D
项
associated
“联系”，符合句意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。

【干扰排除】首先在结构上能与
with
构成搭配四个选项都可以实现。但是
A
项因为与原文语义差别较大，可
首先排除。
B
项强调“联合”，与原文的 “联系”有细微的差别，语义上不能说“原型与某些品质联合”。

17.

[A] Even
甚至

[B] Still
仍然

[C] Yet
然而

[D] Only
仅仅

【答案】
A

13

【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】空格所在句意为“是
________
小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一直是 学校的一个问题”。空
格缺少一个副词，构成与上文的联系。上文讲到了大人们都在歧视肥胖
(
教师、雇员、健康工作者
)
。根据语境，
此处应该填入表示递进关系的词汇， 分析四个选项，只有
A
项
Even
“即使”符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查上下文的语义关系。

【干扰排除】
B
项Still
表示递进关系时其后一般要加逗号。
C
项
Yet
用表 示上下文的对立关系中。
D
项
Only
引导条件关系，与原文语义不符。
Negative attitudes toward obesity, __18__ in health concerns, have stimulated a number of antiobesity __19__. My
own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and
fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a highvisibility campaign __20__ childhood obesity, even claiming
that it represents our greatest national security threat.

【译文】基于健康考虑的对肥胖的消极态度，已经引发一系列的对抗肥胖的相 关措施。我自己工作的医院的供
饮设备已经停止发放含糖饮料。很多雇员已经有了减肥健身的积极性。米 歇尔奥巴马已经倡议发起一些明确的
对抗儿童发胖的活动，甚至表明它是我们国家最大的安全威胁。
18.

[A] despised
蔑视

[B] corrected
修正

[C] ignored
忽视

[D] grounded
以……为基础

【答案】
D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】空格前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空格后讲到对健康的关注，

激发一批反 肥胖的
________
。本句没有出现任何转折词，说明空格前后所表达的意思是一致的，反 对肥胖，是
基于对健康的关注。分析四个选项，能够表达此意思的词汇，只有
D
项grounded
“基于”。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文的语义的理解。

【干扰排除】
此空是一个过 去分词构成短语作插入语，
修饰本句主语
negative attitudes
，< br>意为
“……的健康关注”
，
将其他三项语义

“受到健康关注 的轻视”
“基于健康关注的修正”和“对健康关注的忽视”代进去都与原文语
义不符，因此不可 选。

19.

[A] discussions
论述，讨论

[B] businesses
商业，交易

[C] policies
政策

[D] studies
研究，学习

【答案】
D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句 子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，
如
hospital system
，
ban
，
many employers institute,
指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题。浏览四个选
项，
D
项
policies
符合题意，直接入选。

【命题思路】本题考查对上下文的语义的理解。

【干扰排除】
D
项 是强干扰项，代入原文与空格部分形成“对抗肥胖的研究”，但此含义与下文出现的语义场
不吻合，因为 “研究”一般多出自于机构，科研院所等层面的场所，医院更多是治病救人的地方。

20.

14

[A] for
为了

[B] against
反对，对立

[C] with
随着

[D] without
没有

【答案】
B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本段的主题 是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用来支持主题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔·奥巴
马已经发起了一个高 知名度的活动
________
儿童肥胖，
甚至告诉奥兹博士，
它代表了我们 国家最大的安全威胁。
空格词汇应该含有“反对，反抗”的意思。纵观四个选项，只有
B
项
against
符合题意。

【命题思路】本题考查对句子意思的理解。

【干扰排除】其他三个选项使用代入法验证，
A
项
for
“对于， 因为”干扰性强，代入原文意为“关于儿童肥
胖的活动”，与原文语义不符，故不正确。

核心词汇

deficiency n.
缺陷，缺点

obesity n.
肥大，肥胖

overweight n.
超重

define vt.
给……下定义，解释；限定，规定

divide vt.
划分，除

collegiate a.
大学的，学院的

conversely ad.
相反地

frame n.
框架，结构

disgrace n.
耻辱
v
．使……

失宠，丢脸

prospect n.
前景；景象

tease vt.
戏弄，取笑

harbor n.
海港
vt.
庇护，怀有

bias n.
偏见，偏心，偏袒
vt.
使有偏见

stimulate vt.
刺激，激励

facility n.
设施，工具

security n.
安全，保障；抵押品；
[pl.]
证券

长难句分析

A number of studies have concluded that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases
compared to those who are overweight.
【分析】该句是一个复合句，句子的主干是
studies haveconcluded that
，宾语由
that
引导的从句组成。从句主干
是
people are higher risk,
过去分词短语
compared to
…作
diseases
的后置 定语，从句的后半部分还嵌套有一个定
语从句
who are overweight
，该句的先行词是
those
，指那些肥胖的人。

Section

Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

文章分析

本文选自
2013
年
6
月
22
日
The Economist(
《经济学人》
)
一篇题为“
Money and Happiness
”的文章，属于
社会生活类范畴。

15
第一段通过一位孤寡老人中彩票的事件引出了本文的话题：金钱与幸福。第二段给出了《快乐理财》这本书的两位作者的研究结果：往往我们认为最有价值的消费方式可能是与直觉相反的。第三段指出这本书给很多
工薪阶层和赢得彩票的人提供了一些获得“物美价廉”的幸福的小窍门。最后一段中，作者在重申主题的 基础
上认为这本书值得一买。

试题解析

21.
根据邓恩和诺顿的观点，下面哪一项最具有购买价值？

[A]
豪宅。

[B]
特别的旅行。

[C]
名车。

[D]
丰盛的一餐。

【答案】
B

【考点】细节题

【命题思路】这是一道局部 信息细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段后，将原文信息与选项一一对照即可得出
答案，考查的重点是对 原文信息的理解。

【直击答案】
根据题干定位到第二段第五句话
It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr.
Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema
。
B
项
(
一次特别的旅行
)
是原文
interesting
trips(
有趣的旅行
)
的同义替换，因此为正确答案。

【干扰排除】
A
项和
C
项与原文信息不符。原文第二段第三句提到购买物质 性的东西所带来的满足感很快就会
消耗殆尽，
而
“豪宅”
和
“名车”
都属于物质性的东西。
D
项干扰性很强，
虽然第二段第四句同样也提到了“
unique
meals
”，但
D
项中的“
ric h
”，跟原文的“
unique
”是两个概念，故排除。

22.
作者对美国人看电视持
________
态度。

[A]
批评的

[B]
支持的

[C]
同情的

[D]
模糊的

【答案】
A

【考点】态度题

【命题思路】本题考查的是作者对局部事例的态度。

【直击答案】根据题干可以回文定位到第三段第二句话
It seems most people would be better off if they could
shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television
。这句话表
明如果大多数人能够少花点时间看电视， 他们会过得更好一点。由此可以得出作者对美国人看电视持否定的态
度，因而答案为
A
项“批评的”。

【干扰排除】第三段对看电视这件事情持否定态度，因而
B
项“支持的”、
C
项“同情的”为表达肯定态度的
形容词，因此排除。作者态度并非模 糊不清，而是直接表达了对看电视是不认同的，因此
D
项不正确。

23.
文章第三段提到烤汁猪排骨的目的是
______
。

[A]
消费者有时候不理智

[B]
质量总是先于名气

[C]
市场营销手段带来了后效应

[D]
匮乏一般会增加快乐感

【答案】
D

【考点】推理题

【命题思路】这是一道封闭 式推理题，该题考查作者提到
McRib(
烤汁猪排骨
)
这个例子的目的。< br>
16

【直击答案】根据题干关键词
McRib
定位到第三 段最后一句话
Thisis apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts
the availability of its popular McRib
——
a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of
obsession.
。这句话提到了
McRib(
烤汁猪排骨
)
在麦当劳风靡一时，其指 示代词“
this
”表明了其原因。
this
指代
前面一句话：“
luxuries are most
…
sparingly.
”。从 同义替换的角度来看，“
sparingly
”对应
D
项中的“
ra rity
”；
“
most enjoyable
”对应该选项中的“
increases pleasure
”，因此
D
项为正确答案。

【干扰排除】第三段 最后一句话说“市场营销手段把猪肉三明治变成了让人着魔的一个东西”，但并不能说明
消费者就不理智 ，
A
项属于过度推理，
故排除。
文中并没有提到烤汁猪排骨的质量
( quality)
，
B
项属于无中生有，
故排除。
C
项属 于过度推断。原文第四句破折号之后的内容表明当时麦当劳这一营销手段起作用了，但并不能
说明所有营 销手段都会奏效。且该处为例子本身的信息，并非其证明的信息。

24.
根据文章最后一段，《幸福理财》这本书
______
。

[A]
给读者留下了很多批评的空间

[B]
证明是值得购买的一本书

[C]
预言了美国人存在的巨大收入差距

[D]
或许能给读者带来一种成就感

【答案】
B

【考点】推理题

【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题，需要对最后一段进行锁定，从而得出答案。

【直击答案】最后一段最后一句
But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well sp ent
。
该句指出大多数人认为这本书值得一买。另外，从同义替换的角度看，原文中的“well spent
”正好对应
B
项中
的“
worthwhile purchase
”，都是值得一买的意思，故
B
项为正确答案。

【干扰排除】
A
项中的
criticism
和这本书值得一买不符，故排除。 第二句和第三句提到了穷人和富人对幸福的
感受程度有所不同，重点依然是围绕着本文的话题金钱和幸福 ，并未涉及
C
项中的收入差距
(income gap)
，推
理过度。
D
项的错误在于该书本身没有给读者带来成就感，< br>而是书中提到的怎样花钱才能让人得到持久的满足
感。

25.
这篇文章主要讨论了如何
________
。

[A]
平衡幸福与花钱之间的关系

[B]
花大笔的钱赢得彩票

[C]
从花钱消费中获得长久的满足感

[D]
消费奢侈品时变得更加理智

【答案】
C

【考点】主旨题

【命题思路】这是一道主旨题。这篇文章段落之间并没有明显的转折 ，考生可以将每段的主题句连在一起进行
凝练即可得出答案。

【直击答案】
本文主要讨论的是
Happy Money
这本书中的话题— —幸福与金钱。
第一段通过中彩票事件引出了
这一话题，接下里的两段作者介绍了怎样花钱消费 才能获得最实惠长久的幸福，最后一段重申主题，并指出这
本书值得一买。因而
C
项“ 从花钱消费中获得长久的满足感”为正确选项。

【干扰排除】第一段中孤寡老人中彩票的事件 是本文话题的引子，在后文中再未提及，因而
B
项以偏概全。文
章主要探讨的是花钱消 费应该能够带来长久的满足感，并没有涉及平衡两者之间的关系，故
A
项与原文不符。
D
项是第三段的主要内容，不能概括全文，故排除。

长难句解析

1. This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84yearold widow who recently emerged from her small, tinroofed
house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.
17