关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

试验品历年考研英语二真题及答案

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-22 03:59
tags:

朱莉-

2021年1月22日发(作者:flamenco)
2014
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试


英语(二)试题


Section I
Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Thinner
isn‘t
always better. A number of studies have __1
that
normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those
who are overweight.
And there are health conditions for which being overweight is
actually



2


.
For
example,
heavier
women
are
less
likely
to
develop
calcium
deficiency than thin women. 3 among the elderly, being somewhat overweight
is often an 4 of good health.

Of
even

greater


5

is
the
fact
that
obesity
turns
out
to
be
very
difficult
to
define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass
divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered
to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered
obese. Obesity, 8 ,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and
very severely obese.

While such numerical standards seem 9_ , they are not. Obesity is probably
less a matter of weight
than body
fat.
Some people with

a high
BMI
are
in

fact
extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example,
many collegiate and professional football players
12
as obese, though their
percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high
body fat but a
13
BMI.

Today we have a(an) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight
are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16
with
obesity
include
laziness,
lack
of
will
power,
and
lower
prospects
for
success.
Teachers,
employers,
and
health
professionals
have
been
shown
to
harbor
biases
against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight,
and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

Negative attitudes toward obesity,
18
in health concerns, have
stimulated a number of anti-obesity
19
. My own hospital system has banned
sugary drinks from its employers have instituted weight loss and
fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign
20
childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security
threat.

1.
[A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured


2.
[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome

3.
[A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

4.
[A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

5.
[A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

6.
[A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

7.
[A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

8.
[A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

9.
[A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

10.
[A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless

11.
[A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

12.
[A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

13.
[A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

14.
[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

15.
[A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

16.
[A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

17.
[A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

18.
[A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

19.
[A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies

20.
[A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without



Section II
Reading Comprehension


Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an
84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida
to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found
for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy
Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most
rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth
often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these
material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes
old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn
and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These
purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly
if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This
slim
volume
is
packed
with
tips
to
help
wage
slaves
as
well
as
lottery
winners get the most
better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends
and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends
a
whopping
two
months
a
year
doing,
and
is
hardly
jollier
for
it).Buying

gifts

or
giving
to
charity
is
often
more
pleasurable
than
purchasing
things
for
oneself,
and
luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the
reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick
that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of

Happy Money

are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment,
not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are
generally
happier
than
those
in
poor
ones.
Yet

the
link
between
feeling
good
and
spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,
and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will
agree with the authors‘ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time
to
reducing
tax
incentives
for
American
homebuyers.
But
most
people
will

come
away from this book believing it was money well spent.

21.
According
to
Dumn
and
Norton,
which
of
the
following
is
the
most
rewarding
purchase?

[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal

.

22.
The author‘s attitude toward Americans‘ watching
TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
.
[D]ambiguous
23.
Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]
popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
24.
According to the last paragraph, Happy Money_
[A]has left much room for
readers‘criticism

[B]
may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
.
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
25.
This text mainly discusses how to
. [A]balance
feeling good and spending money [B]spend large
sums of money won in lotteries [C]obtain lasting
satisfaction from money spent [D]become more
reasonable in spending on luxuries





Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,
actually, you think you‘re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep
-seated need to
feel
good
about
ourselves
and
we
naturally
employ
a
number
of
self-enhancing
strategies to research into what the call the

above average effec
t‖,
or

illusory
superiority‖, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average
in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others

all obviously
statistical impossibilities.

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self- affirming situations. We
become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost
our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we‘re hot stuff.


Psychologist and behavioral
scientist
Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying
into
self-enhancement
and
attractiveness.
Rather
that
have
people
simply
rate
their
beauty
compress
with
others,
he
asked
them
to
identify
an
original
photogragh
of
themselves‘
from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and
less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is

an automatic psychological
process
occurring
rapidly
and
intuitively
with
little
or
no
apparent
conscious
deliberation‖. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image
- which must did-
they
genuinely
believed

it
was
really
how
they
looked.
Epley
found
no
significant
gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-
enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored
picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those
who
thought
that
the
images
higher
up
the
attractiveness
scale
were
real
directly
corresponded with those who
showe
d other make
rs
for having higher
se
lf-esteem.

I
don‘t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion‖,
says Epley.

I
t‘s
a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselv
es‘.
If you are depressed, you won‘t be self
-
enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ?s
study,it makes sense that
why people heat
photographs
of themselves Viscerally-on
one
level
,
they
don‘t
even
recognize
the
person

in
the
picture
as
themselves,
Face
book therefore ,is
a self-
enhancer‘s paradise,
where people can share only
the most
flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect
and lifestyle it‘s not

that
people‘s
profiles
are
dishonest,
says
Catalina
toma
of

Wiscon—
Madison
university ,‖but they portray an idealized version of
themselves.

26.
According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that
.

[A]

our self-ratings are unrealistically high
[B]

illusory superiority is baseless effect

[C]

our need for leadership is unnatural

[D]

self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

27.
Visual recognition is believed to be
people‘s

.

[A]
rapid watching

[B]
conscious choice

[C]
intuitive response

[D]
automatic self-defence

28.
Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to
.

[A]

underestimate their insecurities

[B]

believe in their attractiveness

[C]

cover up their depressions

[D]

oversimplify their illusions

29.
The word

Viscerally

(Line 2,para.5)
is
c
los
e
st
in meaning to
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30.
It can be inferred that Facebook is self-
enhancer‘s paradise because people
can

.
.

[A]

present their dishonest profiles
[B]define their traditional life styles
[C]share their intellectual pursuits
[D]withhold their unflattering sides

朱莉-


朱莉-


朱莉-


朱莉-


朱莉-


朱莉-


朱莉-


朱莉-



本文更新与2021-01-22 03:59,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/547979.html

历年考研英语二真题及答案的相关文章