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生日快乐英文怎么说高考英语复习-完形填空答题技巧(巧用线索法)

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2021-01-22 04:06
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谢谢你-

2021年1月22日发(作者:astral)
完型填空解题技巧:巧用线索法

所谓线索法,指的是根据文章上下文所提供的故事 背景和语境线索进行推理和判断,从而
确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法。




1.
巧用语意转折线索解题





有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语,如
but

though


although

instead

however

on the contrary

otherwise
等,我们可利用这些暗
示来解决问 题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。如:




A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters
___1___ to businesses

schools or government offices. ___2___
letters are for
relatives

or
former
(以前的)
teachers.
You
may
write
an
informal
letter
by
hand


but you should ___3___ a formal letter.



1.
A. send













B. are written





C.
write









D. are dropped



2.
A. Informal







B. Formal











C.
Business




D. Relative




3.
A. copy












B.
type















C. write









D. share




「解析」
1.

B.
该句缺少谓语动词,而写信应用被动语态。该句意为“正式书信
是写给商业部门、学校……”。
D
虽用了被动,但搭配不当。
drop
sb
a
line
为“给人写信
(短信)”。




2.

A.
前面说的是正式书信,这里说的是写给亲戚、好友或以前的老 师的,较随
便,即非正式书信。




3.

B.
通过
but
可知,此处说的是非正式书信与正式书信的写作方式的不同 ,非
正式书信可以手写,但正式书信要正规得多,得打字。

2.
巧用因果关系线索解题





即根据上下文的因果关系进行推断,从而得出所需答案。如:




It was a strange noise that made the man ___1___ his car soon after he left
a village ___2___ London. He got out of his car and ___3___ the wheels
(车轮)

carefully

but as he found nothing ___4___ he continued his way.



1.
A. start









B. stop









C.
slow








D. speed



2.
A. to













B. for










C.
from








D. of



3.
A. repaired




B. examined


C. cleaned




D. looked




4.
A. wrong






B. danger






C. interesting
D. matter




「解析」
1.

B.
他在去伦敦的路上,一阵奇怪的声音驱使他把 车停了下来。这可

He got out of his car
…推测出来。




2.



for
…是个固定短语,意为“离开……到……”。




3.

B.
在听到奇怪的声音后,他停 下车来仔细检查轮胎(看看出现了什么问题)。




4. < br>选
A.
从下句
“他又继续赶路了”
可知,
“因为他没有发现毛 病”

nothing
wrong
意为“没有毛病”。

3.
巧用具体示例线索解题





即 根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析,将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选,将
与具体示例无关的信息进 行排除,从而便可得出所需答案。如:




Every student must wear their ___1___ when they are at school. There are
___2___
items
of
uniforms

suits

dresses

shorts

skirts
and
T-shirts.
There
are also Wasley schoolbags

caps and socks.



1.
A.
long
hair


B.
thick
glasses
C.
sports
shoes

D.
school
uniforms



2.
A. much







B. three








C.
many








D. a lot




「解析」
1.

D.
本段谈论的是在校生穿校服的事情,而不是穿 运动鞋,蓄长发、
戴墨镜并不是学校所提倡的。




2.



dresses

shorts

skirts and T-shirts
等是服装的个例,前
面只有填“校服”才与之相配。




4.
巧用同义反义线索解题




Though
he
is
serious
in
appearance

he
never
fails
to
be
interesting.
Often
he is clever

sometimes even ______ and gay





A.
worried







B.
bright







C.
discouraging


D.
friendly




「解析」从
Often he is clever
来看,此处话题谈论的是“他的智 慧
/
聪明”,而
even
一词也暗示此处应填
bright
,因
bright

clever
为同义词,均为“聪明”。




As
it
turned
out

my
little
publication
went
on
to
become
Student

a
national
magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children

and I

d
like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ______ me.



A. controlled




B. comforted



C. reminded


D. raised




「解析」
句中的
in
the
same
way
告诉我们,
空格处所填动词应与前面的动词
bring
up
(培养,养育)同义,比较四个选项,答案显然是
D
项。

5.
巧用逻辑顺序线索解题





即 根据文章所提供的内容,同时结合一定的生活常识,对所推断的内容进行逻辑推
理和逻辑顺序。如:



I
went
to
Wasley
College
with
Winnic
today.
Wasley
is
a
large

old
___1___.
It has three branch campuses
(分校):
Clunes

Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It
has a primary school

a ___2___ school and a senior school. So there are twelve
grades of ___3___ studying there.



1.
A. school










B. factory










C.
movie













D. hospital



2.
A. night













B.
junior











C. high
















D.
spare-time



3.
A. workers








B. boys













C.
students










D. teachers




「解析

1.

A.
从下句话
It has three
branch
campuses
来看,
Wasley
是一所学
校。




2.

B.
从空缺处所在的位置来看, 界于
primary

senior
之间的学校当然属于
junio r.
这就是说是顺序推测出来的。




3.

C.
既然是在此学习,他们当然是
students
了。




6.
巧用语篇标志线索解题





语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与 语篇之间往
往有表明其内在联系的词语,
这些词语可称为语篇标志。
如:
表示 结果层次的语篇标志语有
firstly

secondly

thirdly

finally
等;表示逻辑关系的有
thus

therefore

so
等;表示改变话题的有
by the way
等;表示时间关系的有
before

so far

yet

now


later等。在做完形填空题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉
络,弄清上下文 的关系。如:




First
of
all

I
respected
his
devotion
to
teaching

______

I
admired
the
fact
that
he
would
talk
to
students
outside
the
classroom
or
talk

Finally

I
was
attracted by his lively sense of humor.
(全国卷)




A. Later








B. Secondly






C.
However






D. Therefore




「解析」

B.< br>考生如果注意到了文章上下文中的语篇标志词语
first of all


finally
,再比较四个选项,显然只有选
secondly
最恰当。

7.
巧用结构对比线索解题





在做完形填空题时,有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子,此时同学们应认真比较
其结构特点,
或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词,
或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个
(或
几个)相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如:




I realized strength and courage aren

t always measured in medals and
victories

but
in
the
struggles
we
overcome
(战胜)。
The
strongest
people
are
not
always the people who win

______ the people who don

t give up when they lose.



A.
or







B.
nor






C.
and










D.
but




「解析」
句中的
the
people
who
win

the
people
who
don

t
give
up
when
they
lose
是两个表达十分相似的结构,
比较其中的
wi n

lose
可知,
前后两个结构属对比关系,
估计应填
b ut

再结合句中的
not
,并联想
not

but
…句式,可以推知,
此题最佳答案应选

D.



The
correct
water
supply
forecast
is
based
more
on
the
water
from
the
______
than from the below.
(辽宁卷)




A. clouds





B. sky







C. air





D. above





解析」
more
from

than
from


是一个明显用于对比的结构,
根据后面的
the
below
可知,前面应是
the above
,即答案选
D.



8.
巧用语境暗示线索解题





有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选 择,要想作
出正确判断,
同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语,
尤其注意找出 其中重复出现的
暗示性词语。如:




Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell
tower
of
the
______
have
made
up
their
minds
to
ring
the
bells
nonstop
for
two
weeks
as
a
protest
(抗议)
against
heavy
trucks
which
run
day
and
night
through
the
narrow
High Street.
(全国卷)




A. college




B. village



C. town

D. church
解析」

D.
若仅就本句内容来看,此题答案不好选择,但当我们读到文章末尾处的
I
mean
we are assistant bell ringers for the church
时,我们才便可根据其中的
church

词作出判断。




But then again

would there be a chair in Room 316

Or would it be a

n


______ room





A. small



B. empty



C. new



D. neat




「解析」

B.
若仅从本句来看,
似乎四个 选项都不错,
但要想确定其中的最佳答案,
考生应注意到文章后半部分的
But
to
my
surprise

the
room
wasn

t
empty
at
all

It
had furniture

curtains

a TV

and seven paintings on the walls.
这一句。

精讲精练一

When Sir Winston Churchill, the great British Prime Minister, reached his
eightieth birthday in November, 1954, he was presented with his portrait by a
well-known
modem
artist,
Graham
SutherlanD

The
painting
had
been
ordered
and
paid
for to

1

the Grand Old Man of World War

.
Sir Winston and Lady Churchill were deeply moved by this

2

of respect
and
affection.

3
of
them,
of
course,
allowed
the
others
to
see
how
much
they
both
disliked
the
portrait.

It
makes
me
look

4
,
which
I
am
not!

protested
Churchill in private(
私下
).


5
, he only remarked that it was fine example
of modern art. His friends smileD

It was known that Churchills
didn't

6

modern art.
Churchill was so unhappy about the portrait that finally his wife had
it

7


.
Churchill
died
at
ninety
in
1965

Land
Churchill

8

him
in
1977

Shortly
after
her
death,
the
public
learned
what
had
happened
to
the

9

,
and
a
heated
argument
broke
out.
The
painter
was


10
saD

The
artist
community,
shocked
and


11
,
said
that
the
destruction
of
the
picture
had
been
a
crime
(
罪行
). Historians said that they regretted the disappearance of
a(n)

12


document. All agreed that Churchills didn't have
the

13

to do what they had done.
Graham Sutherland had told Churchill that he would

14

him

as he saw
him

. Churchill never had a chance to see the work in

15

since the
painter

16

to
show
it
to
him.
He
found
out
only

17

he
received
his
present
that
Sutherland
had
seen
him

18

a
heavy,
sick,
tired
old
man.
Since
he hated old age, he was naturally

19

.
Who
has
the
right
to
a
work
of
art,
the
owner,
the
donor,
or
the
artist
who
created
it?
Was
the
portrait
a
good
one,
as
many(including
the
painter)
said?
Or
was
it
bad
as others thought? None of these questions have been answered yet to everybody

s

20

.
1


A

give
B

regard
C

paint
D

honour
2


A

mark

B

piece
C

prize
D

trade
3


A

Neither

B

Both
C

Either
D

All
4


A

wise



B

gentle
C

stupid
D

happy
5


A

Fortunately
B

Obviously
C

Straight
D

Publicly
6


A

care for

B

look like
C

turn down
D

make up
7


A

hidden

B

hung
C

destroyed
D

returned
8


A

mourned



B

missed
C

followed
D

buried
9


A

painting
B

man
C

woman
D

artist

谢谢你-


谢谢你-


谢谢你-


谢谢你-


谢谢你-


谢谢你-


谢谢你-


谢谢你-



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