虚伪的意思北京市北京大学附属中学高三下学期零模英语试题

2021年1月22日发(作者：观测)
2020
届北京市北京大学附属中学高三下学期零模英语试题

学校
:___________
姓名：
___________
班级：
_____ ______
考号：
___________


一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写

1
个适 当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定
位置。

I was very happy with the school hours in Britain. On the first day
，
all students attended
an assembly. During it
，
we 1
．

(tell) by the headmaster that the best way to earn respect was
to work hard and achieve high grades. In our class there were 28 students, 2
．

is about the
average size for British schools. I found the homework was not heavy, 3
．

it was challenging
for me.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写

1
个适 当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定
位置。

People are having a debate about whether 4
．

(develop) the economy or protect the
environment. In Lin Shuiqing's opinion, 5
．

is our duty to cut back on production and reduce
the quantities of things we make and buy. While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not
greedy and they don't hide their responsibilities, either. As far as he is concerned
，
the people
operating these 6
．

(factory) are deeply concerned about the environment
，
and should be
given more credit. In fact
，
many people are willing to pay a little 7
．

(high) price for things
that are friendly to the environment.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写

1
个适 当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定
位置。

The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives. 8
．

(buy) something as basic
as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access 9
．

a wide range of everyday goods leads to
a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away,
or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. In the past two years, Chinese
Consumer Association 10
．

(
conduct
)
many studies whose findings show that many electrical
goods bought in almost every family are not really needed.


二、完形填空

Forgiving My Father
I grew up on a small farm. My father worked in the city as a welder (
焊工
). He was quiet,
distant. He was a man made of leather and chewing tobacco who tried to teach me useful
things, including respect. He also had a



11


. I did not like him very much.
One day I came home from school. Once inside, I was told by my mother that he didn't
feel well. His back hurt. Multiple myeloma, I



12


, is a type of blood cancer. For the last
year of my father's life, his entire day consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living
room and walking to his



13


to sit and think. He was



14


in that chair when I
came home one day during the ninth grade. I do not remember where my mother and brother
were, but the two of us were alone. He asked me to sit down.
What followed still



15


me these decades later. He told me about his



16


:
his family growing up, what it was like in the Pacific during World War II, his loves, his
heartbreaks. It was as if a pipe had



17


, his inner self rushing out to me in a great flood.
He had been speaking for maybe an hour or more when I realized that he was doing more than



18


. He was asking to be



19


. All it took was understanding that that was what he


20


, and I forgave everything, immediately.
When he died, I didn't



21


to school for a few days. My biggest



22


going
back was gym class. It was poorly



23


, and bullies ran the show. On my first day, I was
standing there when a (an)



24


voice yelled, ''Lensch! '' It was a guy who had given
many of us a few lumps (
包，
肿块
) over the years. I turned to face him and said, ''What do you
want? '' The other boys didn’t say a word as they waited for the



25


.
''I heard your dad died, '' he said. ''Is that true? ''
I quietly replied, ''Yes. ''
He didn't



26


me. He didn't even move. Instead, he said, ''I'm sorry. ''
I was


27


. I'm sure I cried. Those two words are how I have remembered that kid
ever since. What do you do when your ''enemies'' reveal that they are also



28


? I think
you either forgive and move



29


or hold on to resentment (
怨恨
)and live in the past. I'm
certainly not glad that my father got


30


, but at the same time, I realize that if he hadn't,
I might never have come to love him.
11
．
A
．
temper
B
．
taste
C
．
fame
D
．
nerve
12
．
A
．
meant
13
．
A
．
bench
14
．
A
．
predictably
15
．
A
．
touches
16
．
A
．
life
17
．
A
．
burst
18
．
A
．
teaching
19
．
A
．
known
20
．
A
．
found
21
．
A
．
contribute
22
．
A
．
relief
23
．
A
．
understood
24
．
A
．
angry
25
．
A
．
defeat
26
．
A
．
punish
27
．
A
．
frustrated
28
．
A
．
classmates
29
．
A
．
backward
30
．
A
．
depressed


三、阅读选择

B
．
doubted
B
．
chair
B
．
acceptably
B
．
annoys
B
．
career
B
．
leaked
B
．
telling
B
．
forgiven
B
．
received
B
．
adapt
B
．
favor
B
．
prepared
B
．
warning
B
．
quarrel
B
．
beat
B
．
shocked
B
．
friends
B
．
away
B
．
hurt
C
．
learned
C
．
bedroom
C
．
hopefully
C
．
educates
C
．
youth
C
．
moved
C
．
supporting
C
．
mistaken
C
．
needed
C
．
head
C
．
lesson
C
．
regulated
C
．
pitying
C
．
miracle
C
．
disappoint
C
．
thrilled
C
．
humans
C
．
around
C
．
sick
D
．
felt
D
．
balcony
D
．
surprisingly
D
．
encourages
D
．
achievement
D
．
frozen
D
．
complaining
D
．
forgotten
D
．
escaped
D
．
return
D
．
fear
D
．
attracted
D
．
familiar
D
．
fight
D
．
scold
D
．
frightened
D
．
families
D
．
forward
D
．
lost
Facts about novel corona virus: Prevention and control

l Keep distance with people when talking

The novel corona virus can be transmitted via droplets and fly 1 to 2 meters in the air
before falling to the ground. Droplets can be transmitted far longer when sneezing and
coughing than speaking, so apart from keeping 1 to 2 meters of distance, also remember to
wear a mask when you are close to someone else.
l Washing hands can reduce risk of getting infected

Please wash your hands promptly and properly after touching elevator buttons or using
cash. Do not touch your nose or mouth or rub your eyes before washing your hands. Do not
use smart phones while eating.
l Receiving delivered packages at home not dangerous

Though the virus might be attached to the packaging of delivered items, the possibility of
transmission through express delivery is extremely low. Before going out to take your delivery,
remember to wear a mask. After removing the packaging, please wash your hands.
l Sun exposure cannot kill the virus

The temperature of sun light cannot reach 56
℃
, and the ultraviolet rays in sunlight
cannot reach the intensity of ultraviolet lamps, so the virus can’t be killed by the sunlight. If
you want to go out to get some sun, please wear a mask and take other protective measures.
l Taking a hot bath or using air conditioning cannot kill the virus

Although the virus is vulnerable to heat. It can only be inactivated after exposure to a
56°
C temperature for over 30 minutes.
l Woolen fabric doesn’t retain virus lo
nger

It is believed that the virus prefers smooth, non-porous surfaces and stays on woolen
fabrics for a shorter time. At home or before going out, it is not necessary to consider which
kind of material has less chance to absorb the virus
—
choosing comfortable clothes is enough.
After returning home, please wash your hands, sterilize the clothes and dry the clothes.
31
．
What are you suggested to do when taking delivered packages?
A
．
Wear a mask.
B
．
Take a hot bath.
C
．
Open packages.
D
．
Dry the clothes.
32
．
According to the passage, the following sentences are right EXCEPT that _____.
A
．
the virus is vulnerable to heat
B
．
the virus can be transmitted via droplets
C
．
the virus prefers smooth, non-porous surfaces
D
．

the virus cannot be killed by the ultraviolet rays
33
．
We can probably read this passage from _____.
A
．
a textbook
B
．
an advertisement
C
．
a travel brochure
D
．
a science magazine





When Lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. The
air was cool and bullfrogs croaked. It was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but
the stars hadn’t yet appeared. Lina rubbed her eyes and looked around. “Hello?” she called.
“Celia? Marie?” There was no response.

The moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. They had always called it
“Forgotten Island “because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. It wasn't on any
of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didn’t know about it. Lina loved that
the island, hidden in a heavily- wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three
friends-her, Celia, and Marie. But now Lina was here alone, and it was night. Worse still, it
was her own fault.
“Come on, Lina,let Marie row the boat.” Celia had said. Marie was two years older than
Lina, but she was a hopel
ess rower. That’s why Lina refused and rowed the boat to the island.
The argument that followed the refusal took the usual form. Celia took Marie’s side, as she
always did. Lina exploded and yelled at them to just leave. So they got back in the boat and
left.
A bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, accompanied by a deafening thunder clap.
The storm was here. As the first cold raindrop slid down her neck, Lina’s mind returned to her
current problem. She was stuck here by herself. She just hoped she did
n’t become as forgotten
as the island. The thought of it sent a chill down her back.
Suddenly, Lina spotted something in the water. It was a boat, and inside it were Marie,
Celia, and Marie’s dad, who was steering through the fast flowing waters. As the bo
at
approached, they saw Lina waving and the worried expressions on their faces turned to relief.
In her excitement Lina jumped into the river. Only once she was in the icy water did she
remember how fast the water was moving. Luckily a strong arm reached into the water and
pulled her out. She smiled weakly at Marie’s dad and, without a word, hugged Celia and Marie.
They didn’t seem to mind becoming wet.

34
．
What is special about the island?
A
．
It is very near the ocean.
B
．
It is a popular place for boating.
C
．
It is surrounded by thick forest.
D
．
It has never been reached by others.
35
．
Why did Lina get angry
？

A
．
Lina was left alone on the island.
B
．
Marie would not help row the boat.
C
．
Marie didn't know how to row the boat.
D
．
Celia supported Marie in the disagreement.
36
．
What caused Lina to feel scared?
A
．
Her shame about the unnecessary argument.
B
．
The first raindrop of the approaching storm.
C
．
The idea that no one would come to save her.
D
．
The drop in temperature as the sun went down.
37
．
What can we infer about the three girls?
A
．
All of them could swim well.
B
．
They had an adventurous spirit.
C
．
They lived far away from the island.
D
．
They quarreled with one another badly.





For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of
Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022,
demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing
jobs by then.
So what’s the solution? Robots.

Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of
Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds,
deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such
as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will
likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient
contact.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive
functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly
—
it can serve as an
intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and
Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members
or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's
''face'' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a
telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a ''consistently
positive attitude'' about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease
feelings of loneliness.
A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is
why the RIKEN- TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to
develop a robotic nurse that looks a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body
Assistance), also known as ''Robear'', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds
with its strong arms.

On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so
human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot
companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial
expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial,
researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only three or four said
they didn't like having it around.”

It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make
diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform
routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This
is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not
replacement.

38
．
What does the author say about Japan?
A
．
It delivers the best medication for the elderly.
B
．
It takes the lead in providing robotic care.
C
．
It provides retraining for registered nurses.
D
．
It sets the trend in future robotics technology.
39
．
What are telepresence robots designed to do?
A
．
Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.
B
．
Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.
C
．
Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.
D
．
Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.
40
．
What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?
A
．
It interacts with patients just like a human companion.
B
．
It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.
C
．
It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.
D
．
It uses body language even more effectively than words.
41
．
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A
．
Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.
B
．
The robotics industry will soon take off.
C
．
Robots will not make nurses unnecessary.
D
．
Cooperation will not replace completion.





In the last decade a revolution has occurred in the way that scientists think about the
brain. We now know that the decisions humans make can be traced to the firing patterns of
neurons in specific parts of the brain. These discoveries have led to the field known as
neuroeconomics, which studies the brain’s secrets to success in an econom
ic environment that
demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors. A brain that can
do this is an iconoclastic one. Briefly, an iconoclast is a person who does something that
others say can't be done. Neuroscientists have suggested that iconoclastic brains are different
in three ways: perception, fear response, and social intelligence.
To understand how iconoclastic brains work, we first need to realize that the brain suffers
from limited resources. It has a fixed energy budget, so it has evolved to work as efficiently as
possible. When faced with information streaming from the eyes, the brain will interpret this
information in the quickest way possible. Thus it will draw on both past experience and other
source of information, such as what other people say, to make sense of what it is seeing. The
brain takes shortcuts that work so well we are hardly aware of them. We think our perceptions
of the world are real, but they are only the products of the brain's interpretation.
Perception is central to iconoclasm. Iconoclasts see things differently to other people.
Their brains do not fall into efficiency pitfalls as much as the average person's brain. The best
way to see things differently is to bombard (
轰炸
) the brain with things it has never
encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of past
experience and forces the brain to make new judgments. Successful iconoclasts have an
extraordinary willingness to embrace what is fresh while most people avoid things that are
different.
The problem with novelty, however, is that it tends to trigger (
触发
) the brain's fear
system.
There are many types of fear, but the two that prevent iconoclastic thinking are fear of
uncertainty and fear of public ridicule. The fear of public speaking troubles one-third of the
population. It is simply a common feature of human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let
stop their reactions.
Finally, to be successful iconoclasts, individuals must sell their ideas to other people.
This is where social intelligence comes in. Social intelligence is the ability to understand and
manage people in a business setting. Neuroscience has revealed which brain parts are
responsible for functions like empathy, fairness, and social identity. These brain regions play
key roles in whether people convince others of their ideas.
Iconoclasts supply creativity and innovation not easily accomplished by others, creating
new opportunities in every area from art to technology to business. It is crucial for success in
any field to understand how the iconoclastic mind works.
42
．
Neuroeconomics is a field of study which aims to _______.
A
．
understand how decisions are made in the brain
B
．
cause a change in how scientists understand the brain
C
．
trace the firing patterns of neurons in different parts of the brain
D
．
understand how the brain is linked to achievement in an economic environment.
43
．
According to the author, an iconoclastic thinker _______.
A
．
has more opportunities than the average person
B
．
B
．
relies on previous events to make smart decisions
C
．
has a brain that functions differently to other people
D
．
centralizes perceptual thinking in one part of the brain
44
．
The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 means the iconoclasts' brains _______.
A
．
work more efficiently than the average person's brain
B
．
interpret information more accurately than the average person's brain
C
．
do not have a fixed energy budget as the average person's brain
D
．
D
．
do not take perceptual shortcuts as much as the average person's brain
45
．
What can be inferred from the passage?
A
．
One-third of the population are too shy to do public speaking.
B
．
Exposure to different events forces the brain to think differently.
C
．
If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.
D
．
Social intelligence is more a matter of personality than brain function.


四、七选五





Cool Butterfly Effect: Insect Equipment Could Inspire Heat-Radiating Tech
Devising better cooling materials has become a pressing issue as the climate warms, and
some scientists are turning to nature for ideas. Small creatures with low body mass, such as
insects, have to deal with the fact that they warm up much faster than large mammals. When
butterflies land on tree branches in the sun, for example, their relatively large wings can
overheat within seconds.
46
．

Researchers have now uncovered these colorful insects' built- in cooling
mechanisms.
Heat is generated by the vibration of molecules. The more molecules a material can
expose on its surface, the more heat it can release in a process called radiative cooling. Those
made of folded layers shaped like waves, for example, cool off much faster than solid objects
because they have more exposed surface area. 47
．

The wings themselves are complex
systems that contain both living and nonliving structures, covered by various types of scales
made of chitin
—
a rigid substance that is also found in some fungi(
真菌
). The researchers
found that the scales covering these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in
different ways. 48
．

The scientists' work is ''remarkable'', says Aaswath Raman, a professor at the University
of California, Los Angeles. ''49
．

Butterfly wings are extremely light, and the microstructures
involved are extremely small and thin. So this discovery can inspire ways of getting rid of heat
in very lightweight systems. ''
50
．

It might work in a variety of colors. Many conventional buildings tend to be white
because that it does not absorb heat. But painting too many things white does not look
pleasing, says Qiaoqiang Gan, a photonics scientist. ''We still need a colorful world, '' Gan
says, noting how vivid butterflies are in nature. ''Butterfly wings give us an example that
colorful structures can also result in cooling. ''
A
．
So they have evolved sophisticated ways to cool themselves.
B
．
We can make these microstructures into our own artificial processes.
C
．
It turns out that parts of butterflies' wings exploit a similar principle.
D
．
To decipher how these complex systems work, the team studied several types of butterflies
structures release warmth very efficiently, protecting the organs from overheating.
with its light weight, a butterfly-inspired cooling material might have another
advantage.
gh far from a commercial application, such resulting material could eventually be
used for purposes such as painting buildings.


五、提纲类作文

51
．
假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。
你从报纸上得知英国人
Chris topher J
．
A
．
Smith
先生骑自行车从英国抵达北京， 创下了新的世界纪录。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，邀
请他近期到你校做一次演讲。内容包括：

1
．说明邀请他的原因；

2
．告知演讲的相关信息
(例如：时间、地点、听众等
)
；

3
．询问对方能否前来。

注意：
1.
词数不少于
50
；

2
．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear
，

______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________
______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________
______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________
______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________
______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________
______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________
______________________________________________ _____________________________
_________________
______________________________________________ ________________________
Sincerely Yours
，

Li Hua

六、图画作文

52
．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和同学从网上得知美国抗癌男孩
Dorian
的愿
望是看到有人在长城上举着
“D
-
Strong”
的牌子。请 根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊
“
英语角
”
写一篇英文稿件，介绍你们帮 助小男孩圆梦，并号召他人进行爱心接力的全过
程。

注意：词数不少于
60
。

提示词：微信朋友圈

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