龟派-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)知识讲解

2021年1月22日发(作者：三件套)
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上海中学高三周考


II.

Grammar and vocabulary

Section A
10%

Directions:
After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.


There
seems
never

21

(be)
a
civilization
without
toys,
but
when
and
how
they
developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play) with some kinds of
toys
and most girls with others. In societies 23 social roles are rigidly determined,
boys
pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls

24
in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
25

is
remarkable
about
the
history
of
toys
is
not
so
much
how
they
changed
over
the
centuries
but
how
much
they
have
remained
the
same.
The
changes
have
been
mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.
It is the universality (
普遍性
) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of
the

(prepare),
even
world and their persistence to the
present
27
is amazing. In Egypt, America,
28











toys
China,
Japan
and
among
the
Arctic
(
北极的
)
people,
generally
the
same
kinds
of
toys
appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life
tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not
been
subject
to technological
leaps
that
characterize
inventions
for
adult
use.
The
progress
from
the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle
(
拨浪鼓
) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to

30
used by an infant today, however, is

imitate
their
surroundings.
Nearly
every
civilization
had
dolls,
little
weapons,
toy
soldiers,
not characterized by inventiveness (
独创性
). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes
of
the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

Section B

Directions:
Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be

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used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.


A. unwilling
G. surprised
B. aggression
H. clear
C. necessarily
I. range
D. felt
J. helpful
E. tension
K. relatively

F. area
An
addiction
（
瘾）
is
an activity or
substance we are eager to experience repeatedly and for

which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve
alcohol

cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can
be

31
in coping with addictive behavior.
minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed
32
on
weekend
mornings
are
often
not
even
considered
addictions
because
the
price
paid
for
engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term
“addict”
to describe
the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after
it has become
33 that the substantial price being paid was not worth the
benefit.
The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (
可卡因
)
use
but is
34
to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.
Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those
as

serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much 35 in between. Although it is

not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant
level
of
addictive
behavior
(e.g.
overspending
$$
200
a
week
)
can
lead
to
an
increasing
level
of
negative consequences.
You
may
be

37

to
learn
that
addictions
can
also
be
considered
positive.
Positive

addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be
the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any
clothing
expense
is
outweighed
by
the
benefits
of
better
health
energy
self-confidence
and
appearance. As
with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time
and there is a broad 38 of how much benefit is actually obtained.
What
is
common
to
both
positive
and
negative
addictions
is
the
urge
to
engage
in
the
addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon.
The
urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire
for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon
there
is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.

III.

Reading comprehension

Section A

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Directions:
For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked

A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.


The
importance
of
liking
people
is
the
subject
of
an
article
in
the
Harvard
Business.

Review
，
which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with.
Hardly
surprisingly,
the
people
we
want
most
as
our
workmates
are
both:

41

at
their
job
and
delightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless.
More
interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and
comptent jerks (
性情古怪的人
), we irresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes
those who 43 or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more,
but
our 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.
What companies should 45
do is get people to like
each other more. The trick
here is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during
day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and
46

displeasure.
47

,
more
outdoor-activity
weekends
and
shared
coffee
machines
inspire
no
confidence
at
all.
The

48

is
that
people
either
like
each
other
or
they
don’t.

You
can’t

force it. Possibly
you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a
49

cost
to
that.
In
my
experience,
the
question
of
lovable
fool
against
competent
jerk
may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when
they
are
completely

50

.
I
was
once
quite
friendly
with
a
woman
whom
I
later
worked
with.
I
found
her
to
be
so

51

bad
at
her
job
that
I
lost
respect
for
her
and
ended
up
not
really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?
By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the
same,
given
that

52

is
one
of
the
main
determinants
of
whether
we
like
each
other.
I
think this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore
without
offending the
diversity lobby
group
(
游说团体
).
There is only one acceptable view on
this

subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though
I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.
Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want
to
54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The
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55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.
41.

A. strange
B. brilliant
C. surprised
D. absent-minded
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42.

A. former
43.

A. hate
44.

A. thought
45.

A. further
47.

A. besides
B. latter
B. fear
C. majority
C. doubt
D. minority
D. annoy
B. behavior C. expression D. appearance
B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead
C. pick out
C. practice
D. hold out
D. custom
B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence
46.

A. break down B. talk to
48.

A. impression B. reality
50.

A. valueless
B. disabled
49.

A. investment B. production C. operation D. productivity
C. hopeless D. careless
51.

A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully
52.

A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity
53.

A. need
54.

A. create
55.

A. strategy


B. dare
B. discover
B. standard
C. must
C. hope
D. should
D. trouble
C. promote D. place
Section B

Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed

by

several

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C
and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you
have just read.

A

As a father of four,
I’m
concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men
and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my
entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize

that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such
subjects.
While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes:
“If you had only one chance to say something, what would it

be?”

That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that
featured violence, cursing and even so
me “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to

them.
I
saw
my
boy
straighten
up,
and
my
girl
pretended
to
ignore
me.
I
didn’t

make
any
usual
comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although

this

took some effort. I simply asked:
Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?
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Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later, to my surprise, the
children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable.
This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry
and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do

right
now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did my tho
ughts or actions
result
in self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.
We all
want
to
be
better
fathers,
mothers,
sons
and
daughters.
Better
workers,
better
leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be
tough.
But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves:
“Is
this

making me a better
person?”

Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of
violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he
wants to be a police officer.
I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and

books
I’ve
collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did
with hundreds of pages of “experts”
advice.
56.

When
the
writer
found
his
kids
watching
inappropriate
TV programs
that
night,
he
appeared
A .calm
.
B. indifferent
C. critical
D. anxious

can this philosophy change the way we live our lives?
A.

By calming ourselves down when we are angry
B.

By raising a question about our current action and feeling
C.

By helping us realize our need for self- improvement
D.

By providing us with new mindset and
behavior
58.

Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?
A.

Because his kids had grown out of them
B.

Because they didn’t offer him any
help.
C.

Because that single question was more useful
D.

Because the expert advice was too much to follow
wrote this passage to

A.

convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TV
B.

introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting story
C.

inform the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goals
D.

call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.
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