四爪英语修辞手法的解释和例句

2021年1月22日发(作者：卤)
共享知识

分享快乐

英语修辞手法的解释和例句











明喻



明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比
.
这种共性存在于人们的心里
,
而不是事物的自然属
性
.


标志词常用

like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as
等
.


例如
:


1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.


2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.


3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.


or
隐喻
,
暗喻



隐喻 是简缩了的明喻
,
是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物
,
通过比较形成
.


例如
:


1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.


2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be
chewed and digested.


my
借喻
,
转喻



借喻不直接说出所要说的事物
,
而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称
.


I.
以容器代替内容
,
例如
:


1>.The kettle boils.
水开了
.


2>.The room sat silent.
全屋人安静地坐着
.


II.
以资料
.
工具代替事物的名称
,
例如
:


Lend me your ears, please.
请听我说
.


III.
以作者代替作品
,
例如
:


a complete Shakespeare
莎士比亚全集



VI.
以具体事物代替抽象概念
,
例如
:


I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.
我有力气
,
他们就用我的力气赚
钱
.


oche
提喻



提喻用部分代替全体,
或用全体代替部分
,
或特殊代替一般
.


例如
:


1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(
部分代整体
)


他的厂里约有
100
名工人
.


2>.He is the Newton of this century.(
特殊代一般
)


他是本世纪的牛顿
.


3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.
（整体代部分）



这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配
.


thesia
通感
,
联觉
,
移觉

共享知识

分享快乐



这种修辞法是以视
.
听
.
触
.
嗅
.
味等感觉直接描写事物
.
通感就是把不同 感官的感觉沟通起
来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。


通 感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术
效果。
比如 ：
欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；
闻到酸的东
西会联 想到尖锐的物体；
听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；
又比如朱自清
《 荷塘月色》里的“
微风过处送来缕缕清香
,
仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。



例如
:


1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.
（用视觉形容
听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）



鸟儿落在树上
,
倾泻出百合花似的声音
.


2>.Taste the music of Mozart.
（用嗅觉形容听觉）



品尝
Mozart
的音乐
.


ification
拟人



拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物
.


例如
:


1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
（把夜拟人化）



2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.
（把鸟拟人
化）



ole
夸张



夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的
.它可以加强语势
,
增加表达效果
..


例如
:


1>.I beg a thousand pardons.


2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.


3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.


elism
排比
,
平行



这种修辞法是把两个或两个以 上的结构大体相同或相似
,
意思相关
,
语气一致的短语
.
句
子排列成串
,
形成一个整体
.


例如
:


1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral
till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.


2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and
yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these
things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race,
to answer for them separately.


ism
委婉
,
婉辞法



婉辞法指用委婉
,
文雅的方法表达粗恶
,
避讳的话
.


例如
:


1>.He is out visiting the necessary.
他出去方便一下
.
共享知识

分享快乐



2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.
他与妻子关系不融洽
.


3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.
（去世）



ry
讽喻
,
比方（原意“寓言”）

建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

英文解释：
an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe
some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor
摘自英语专业
《大
学英语教程》一书



这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法
,
意为

换个方式 的说法

它是一种形象的描述
,
具有双重
性
,
表层含 义与真正意味的是两回事
.


例如
:


1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.


表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草



真正意味：趁热打铁




2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.

表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑




反语



反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式
.
如在指责过失< br>.
错误时
,
用赞同过失的说
法
,
而在表扬时
,
则近乎责难的说法
.


1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the
morning.

早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）

2>
said to the beggar.

Sarcasm
: (
讽刺）
Sarcasm is
a strong form
of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter
manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject
attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let
wasps break through.
I love being married. It’s so great to find that one special person you want to
annoy

for the rest of your life
I'd insult you, but you're not bright enough to notice.

Not all men are annoying. Some are dead.


Ridicule
嘲弄

Is unkind laughter or remarks intended to make someone or something seem
stupid.
Eg.

He mopped his bald dome in silence.







Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted.