wagons2015考研英语翻译真题解析

2021年1月22日发(作者：balcony怎么读)
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth
centuries, a tide of emigration
—
one of the great folk wanderings of
history
—
swept
from
Europe
to
America.
46)
This
movement,
driven
by
powerful
and
diverse
motivations,
built
a
nation
out
of
a
wilderness
and,
by
its
nature,
shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

47)
The
United
States
is
the
product
of
two
principal
forces
—
the
immigration
of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national
characteristics
and
the
impact
of
a
new
country
which
modified
these
traits.
Of
necessity,
colonial
America
was
a
projection
of
Europe.
Across
the
Atlantic
came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen,
Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits
and
traditions
to
the
new
world.
48)
But,
the
force
of
geographic
conditions
peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one
another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,
new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at
first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which,
although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that
was distinctly American.

49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now
the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the
15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime,
thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies,
and South America. These travelers to North America came in small,
unmercifully
overcrowded
craft.
During
their
six-
to
twelve- week
voyage,
they
subsisted on
barely
enough food
allotted
to
them.
Many of
the
ship
were
lost
in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the
journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often
calm brought unbearably long delay.

“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou
ght almost
inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve
leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new
-
blown garden.” The colonists’
first
glimpse
of
the
new
land
was
a
sight
of
dense
woods.
50)
The
virgin
forest
with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house
which
extended
from
Maine
all
the
way
down
to
Georgia.
Here
was
abundant
fuel
and
lumber.
Here
was
the
raw
material
of
houses
and
furniture,
ships
and
potash,
dyes and naval stores.

思路：

1.
大致介绍文章主要内容

2.
逐段 介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→
整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌 握的单词

1.
本篇文章的主要内容
：


主要 讲述了
17-18
世纪早期从欧洲到美洲的移民运动。来自欧洲的各民族人民历尽
艰险 ，漂洋过海来到美洲。他们的到来给美洲带来了巨大变化和影响。美洲资源丰
富，欧洲移民对这片陆地充 满期盼。

2.
文章的第一段
主要点明了这次移民的时间以及这次运动的深远影响。共两句话。
在
17
世纪到
18
世纪早期的一百年时间里，一次移民浪潮——一次史上 伟大的民族
迁徙——从欧洲席卷至美洲。这句中有两个需要注意的单词，第一个是
span，
span
的意思是“一段时间”
；
wandering
的意思 是“流浪、漂泊”
。



接下来是划线的需要翻译的第一句，
（
46
）
This movement, driven by powerful and
diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature,
shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

先来分析句子结构，找出句子的主干。句子的主干是
This
movement
built
a
nation
out of a wilderness and shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted
continent.
剩下的部分
driven by powerful and diverse motivations
和
by its nature
，是句子的状语，用来修饰整个句子。我们试着翻译一下句子的主干——这
次 运动
/
这次迁徙在一片荒野之地建立了一个民族，塑造了这片未知大陆的特征，决
定了 它的命运。

之后再来翻译状语部分，
driven by powerful and diverse motivations
，意思是
“受各种强大的动机的推动”
，
by its nature
的意思是“在其本质上，就其本质而
言”
。

下一步需要将这两部分整合起来，润色译文，使译文读起来通顺流畅，符合汉语习
惯。这里需要将
driven by powerful and diverse motivations
这部分 放到句子最
前面，因为这部分是表示原因的。而汉语中一般表示原因的句子在前面。这个句子
的 译文参考：

在各种强大的动机的推动下，这次运动在一片荒野之地建立了一个民族，并且就其
本质而言，塑造了这片未知大陆的特征，决定了它的命运。

这句话需要注意的有以下几点
：

1
）状语的翻译。需要将其提前，放在句子最前面。

2
）适当使用 增译法，以使词语搭配合适。这里的
shape
修饰
character
和< br>destiny
两个词，但“塑造”和“命运”一词搭配不当，所以需要增加一个与“命运”搭配
的词，这里用了“决定”一词。

这段中需要掌握的单词
有：

1
）
wandering
to?move?about?without? a?definite?destination?or?purpose
流浪，
漫游

2
）
uncharted (of an area of land or sea) not mapped or surveyed
未知的，
未探索的

3.
文章的第二段：

第二 段主要论述了美洲是一个大熔炉，融合了欧洲各国移民的不同思想、习俗、文
化、传统习惯等。美洲在各 种力量的影响下，逐渐形成了自己鲜明的特色。

第二段一共六句。开头第一句是主题句。指出 美国（合众国）是两种主要力量相互
作用的产物。破折号后面是对这两种力量的解释。第二句和第三句对 第一种力量进
行了说明。第四句以
but
开头，表示转折。尽管欧洲各国移民努力用自 己的风俗习
惯去影响他人，但由于各种因素的影响，都使美洲发生了巨大的变化。这些变化虽
然 看上去难觅踪迹，但实际上一种新的、具有美洲特色的社会模式已经慢慢形成了。