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广东模式英语长难句翻译技巧总汇

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-22 07:32
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across-

2021年1月22日发(作者:电阻率)

1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of

descendants an
individual will have and

hence the number of gene copies

transmitted.
(难度系数
5

下同)

译文:
那种性别比例能在 最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量,
并因此能在最大程
度上增加所传递到后代身上去 的基因复制品的数量。

难句类型:倒装、省略

a.
本句的正常语序应当是:
That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an
individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.
但是
因为主语
That sex

ratio之后的以
which
引导的修饰它的定语从句,如果按照以上语序,
则有头重脚轻 之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语
will be favored
之后。

b.

which
引导的从句中,有两处省略:第一处在
maxim ize
的第一个宾语
the number of
descendants that an individual will have
中,

an individual will have
是修饰
descendants
的定语从 句,
但是,
因为
descendants
在从句中作
have
的宾语,
所以引导词
that
可以省略。
第二处省略是在第二个
t he number of
之前,省略了与前面一样的成分
that sex ratio which
maximizes. And hence
在此表示后面的成分作为前面

最大化一个个体的后代的数目的


果。

意群训练:
That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of

descendants an
individual will have and

hence the number of gene copies

transmitted.
2.

This is

A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly
to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly
and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)
复杂
+
倒装
+
省略
;
(这是一种)
照亮现实的欲望,
此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望,
后者是我们
可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的
结构和文理的那 种意义上的欲望。

解释:
本句子的难度在一切
GRE

G MAT
包括
LSAT
考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极,
可以确定地讲,< br>类似此句子的难度的语言,
在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。
如果对此句
话不 感兴趣,可以把其废掉不读。

A


这句话读起来别扭的第一个原 因,
是因为它根本就不是一个句子。
句首省略了
this is

这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现,
只能出现在高级英语中,
因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。
其形式类似于我们中文的

精彩



这句话真是精彩

的省略
形式。

B


desire
后跟着两个大的修饰成分,
一个是
to throw over reality a light

其中的
a light

被倒装到了
over reality
之后,
正常应是
throw a light over reali ty.
不过这个便装部分与
throw
距离不远,读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰 成分。注意:从
that
开始直到句尾结束的
长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的
light
的,而是修饰一开始的
desire
的。

C


第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装,由于作者为了强调
nev er,
所以将其提前,引发了
定语从句中的倒装:正常语序应该是
that might never be given away
,倒装后系动词
was
被提前 ,
given
因为在情态动词
might
之后所以变成了原型
giv e

A give way to B
,是
A

位于
B
,而
A be given way to B


则是
A
取代
B

on the part of
之后的部分修饰后面的
desire, what
引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个 名词。
What
从句中的不定式
to record
exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower
中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒
装,正常语序应该是
to record the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely


D


就算能够看懂这句话的结 构,可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是,哈代
(
注:人名
老的冲动是一种简单的、
说明现实的欲望,
新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究
一个东西的特点那样 的欲望(新冲动)
,前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。

意群训练:

This is

A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away
abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record
exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
3. Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings
of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the
energetic and

risky ones.

3


难句类型:复杂修饰、省略、抽象词

译 文:
哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能,
无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动
的穿梭往来;
另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲
动 。

解释:介词
from
的宾语有两个并列的部分,由
and
所连接,

and
之后的第二个
from
前,
省略了前面 一样的谓语动词
derive
。本句之所以难,有两个原因,一是
derived from
后面
的成分太长,
初学者难以一下子看下来;
二是作为一篇文科文 章,
用词抽象,
难以迅速理解。

意群训练:
Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and
goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the
energetic and risky ones.
4. Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has
regularly been

ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests
very different from the traditional picture of the
states


of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual
consciousness.

5


难句类型:复杂修饰、省略、抽象词

译文:弗吉尼亚
.
伍尔夫(
Virginia Woolf
)在创作《黛洛维夫人》

Mrs. Dalloway
)时有关
其创作意图的这番发人深思的陈述,
迄今为止一贯为文学评论家们所忽略,
因为它突出 反映
了她诸多文学兴趣中某一方面,而这一方面则与人们对

诗性

小说家(
poetic novelist
)所
形成的传统见解大相径庭。
所 谓的

诗性

小说家,
所关注的是审视想入非非和白日梦幻的诸般状态,并致力于追寻个体意识的通幽曲径。

解释:本句逗号以前只有复杂修饰的长主语 有些难,但总的来讲比较好懂,
since
引导的原
因状语从句较难。

A


since
之后的
it
指前面的
statement, highlight
的宾语
an aspect
之后有两个修饰成分,
一个是
of her literary interests


另一个是以
that
引导的定语从句
that is very different from
the traditional picture of the poetic novelist
,都是修饰
an aspect
的。
Novelist
后面又有由
and
连接的两个介词结构
concerned with doing
修饰
novelist.
B


句中有两处省略,一是在
her literary interests that is very different from
当中,修饰
interests
的定语从句中引导词+
be that is
一起省略了。
第二处在
and
之后,
由于
concerned
with
与前面的
concerned with
重复,所以
concerned
被省略。

C


本句另外一个难懂的地方,就是使用了大量的抽象词。这是文学市评论 题材的文章的
一个特点。

Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway ha
s
regularly been

ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests
very different from the traditional picture of the
states


of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual
consciousness.
5. As she put it in The Common Reader ,

It is safe to say that not a single law has been
framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote and
yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .


5-


抽象词、抽象词组、比喻

就像她在《致普通读者》一书中所表达的那样,

尽管可以毫无疑问的说,没有任何法律被< br>指定出来,
也没有任何高楼大厦被建立起来是因为乔叟说了什么或者写了什么;
然而,< br>当我
们读它的书的时候,我们身上每一个毛孔都充满了道德


这句话 不但用了词抽象,
还用了比喻的修辞手法。
是指没有因为乔叟的言论而产生任何实际
的 行为规则或政治机构,但我们受其影响之深,以及其影响力之大。

As she put it in The Common Reader ,

It is safe to say that not a single law has been
framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote and
yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .


6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids ,
leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative
metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for
glycogen synthesis.

4+


难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、专有名词

译文:
随着爆发出来的运动的结束 ,
再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高,
使得大型动物处于容易
受到攻击的状态,直到乳酸通 过有氧新陈代谢,被肝脏转化成(
convert into
)葡萄糖,而
葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原



解释:
本句中修饰成分极多,
以分词修饰和介词结构修饰为主,
作各种类型的状语。
前面的
状语和主句还好理解,从
leaving
开始句子变难;
leaving
引导的直到句末的结构来做整个
句子的状语;分词中又 包含了三个状语,其中的两个
via oxidative metabolism by the liver
又起到了插入语的作用,把
be converted into
拆成两段。

本句的另外一个特征是其中充斥着专有名词。其中的
body fluids, oxidat ive

synthesis

过字面的意思或者根据词头、词根我们还是应 该猜出其意思的,
lactic acid, metabolism

muscle
这三个词在生物类文章中极其常用,
大家应该背下来;

glycogen< br>这种东西则没办
法,
只能作一个首字母提炼。
但是请记住,
GRE
GMAT
文章中只要出现了这种专有名词,
出题者是一定会在文章中把它在文章 中所乃至的词义解释清楚的,
所以读者遇到文章中做了
解释的专有名词,应该力求把解释看懂。

意群训练:
With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body
fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via
oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the
muscles for glycogen synthesis .
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the
slaves

preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was
very much for stable monogamy.

3+


难句类型:插入语

译文:
虽 然古特曼承认,
由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁,
但他还是证明,
奴隶的偏爱
——
在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来
——
在很大程度上侧
重于稳定的一夫一妻制(
monogamy



解释:
本句中插入语的使用
revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent,
后半个分句中的主语
that slaves' preference
与系动词
was
离得太远,造成阅读的困难。

意群训练:
Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows
that the slaves

preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was
infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

the
transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore, music, and
religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were
continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

4


难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语

译文:
古特曼人令人信服地论辨道,
黑人家庭的稳定有助于包括民间传说、
音乐、
及宗教表
达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代 传递下去,因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的作
用,而对于这种文化遗产,黑奴们不断地从其非 洲和美洲的经历中予以丰富发展。

解释:

that
引导的宾语从 句中,
encouraged
的宾语
the transmission of the Black heritage
被同时表示并列和转折的
and so
分开 ,给读者造成了阅读上和理解上的困难。最后一个逗
号后面的部分是修饰前面的
black heritage
的同位语。

意群训练:
Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore, music,
and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were
continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
9. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests


may have derived from

West
African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to
another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.

3+


难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语

译文:古特曼表示,这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能 缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定,
尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同,但都涉及到某 种对近亲联姻(
union
with close kin
)的禁止。

解释:
本句有两个插入语,
第一个插入语
Gutman suggests
割裂了主句的主语和谓语。
West
African rules
后跟着两个修饰成分,第一个是分词修饰
(governing marriage),
第二个是以
which
引导的非限定性定语从句,
从 句中出现了第二个插入语
though they differed from one
tribal group to another
,又割裂了从句引导词与谓语之间的联系。

意群训练:
This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests


may have derived from

West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group
to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the
United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as
prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic
competition


the Chinese in California and the Jews

in medieval Europe.

4+


难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

译文:
该社会学家的命题当被应用于 针对美国黑人的歧视时,
相对而言尚能适用,
但他对种
族偏见所下的定义
——


以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见,而该群体在
任何特定 的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族
‖——
可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼
亚州 的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。

解释:本句长度惊人,插入部分 比较长,再加上不乏抽象词,所以较为难懂,在表示转折的
后半个分钟中,长长的插入语
as racially based negative prejudgments against a group
generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition
作为主语
his
definition of racial prejudice
的同位语,使分句中的主谓 相隔千山万水。除此之外,本句用
词抽象,
语义难以理解,
对读者的词汇功底要求较高 。
考试现场如无法读懂,
宜用合理化原
则中的取非读法,
but
之前 的分句说的是其论点对美国黑人的种族歧视是较为管用,转折后
的内容就应该说其理论对华人和犹太人相 对无用。

意群训练:
His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in
the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as
prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic
competition


the Chinese in California and the Jews

in medieval Europe.
11. Such variations in size


shape, chemistry


conduction speed


excitation threshold,
and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance
for any


possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.

5


难免类型:复杂修饰

across-


across-


across-


across-


across-


across-


across-


across-



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