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logo什么意思常见句型的翻译

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2021-01-22 07:43
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2021年1月22日发(作者:identify是什么意思)
第三节

常见句型的翻译

一、定语从句

1.
改成前置定语

当定语从句比较短或者是限制性定语从句时,一般移到前面,变成前置定语

1.
The
failure
to
act
could mean
untold
misery
for
future
generations
and
perhaps
environmental
disaster which threaten our very existence.
译文:不采取行动就意味着给后人带来无穷的痛苦,带来威胁我们本身的生存的环境灾难。

2.
Multinational
corporations
have
also
been
forced
to
recognize
a
degree
of
corporate
social
responsibility
in
the
areas
in
which
they
operate
and
in
the
communities
on
which
they
have
an
impact.
译文:在它们经营的社区和受它们影响的社区,跨国公司必须承担一定的社会责仸。


2.
单独成句

当定语从句比较长时,可以把先行词还原,使定语从句单独成句。

1.
The
secret
to
success
will
be
a
strong
software
platform,
which
will
lower
the
cost
of
general
services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well.
译文:
成功的关键在于一个更强大的软件平台,
这将降低总的服务成本,
同时 也能创造更大
的利润空间。

3.
译成状语

在许多场合 ,按照逻辑关系,定语从句实际上充当状语,表示条件、原因等,这时,应该按
照状语从句来翻译。
1. Smith was very critical of monopolies which restricted the competition that he saw as vital for
economic prosperity.
分析:
whic h
从句应该理解为原因状语,后一个定语从句变成一个单独的句子。

译文:
Smith
强烈反对垄断,因为垄断限制了竞争,而他认为竞争对经济繁荣至关重要。

2. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good,
more has to be much better.
分析:从逻辑上理解,
who
引导的从句应该表示原因。

译文:我 们会认为这是异端邪说,因为我们从小接受的教育是,如果说学校教育是有益的,
那么多多益善。

3. No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his
intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.
分析:
who
引导的从句应该表示条件。

译文:
如果你没 有意识到作为一个思想家的首要职责就是,
听从自己的理智,
不管推出的结
论是什么, 那么你就不是一个伟大的思想家。


4.
介词
+ which
(难度最大)

1.

We must combat the medical-psychiatric model of human behavior that seeks a drug for every
psychological discomfort and under which a person who is not continuously calm, anxiety-free,
happy and content is defined as a medical patient.
分析:
which
指代
model

under which
做状语,
(
按照这种模型
)


译文:
有一种医学心理分析模型认为,
每一种心理不适都应该用药物来治疗,
按照这种模型,
如果一个人不能永进保持平静,无忧无虑,并福而满足,那么他就是一个病人。

2.

The essential basis on which community is built requires each citizen to honor the rightful dimes
of others.
分析:
on which
中的
on

built
有关,
be built on
表示被动,建立在…乊上。

译文:社会所依赖的基础要求每个公民都尊重他人的合法权益。

3.

However, the potential profits, and the easy with which they can be made from insider trading,
market
manipulation,
conflict-of- interest
transactions
and
many
other
illegal
or
unethical
activities are too great and too pervasive to be ignored.
分析:
with which
作状语,
which
指代
the easy


译文:
然而,通过内部交易、操纵市场、
具有利害冲突的交易和许多其它非法或不道德 的方
法,可以很容易地获取利润,这种利润非常大,机会非常多,人很难对此视而不见。

5.
把定语从句变为主句

1. This is the stage at which people announce that

things are not what they were in my young
days

.
分析:把
This is the stage at which
看作状语来翻译,定语从句成为主句。

译文:在这个阶段,人们说“一切与我年轻时都不一样了。



二、同位语从句

汉语中没有同位语从句,
因此在翻译英语的同位语从句时不 做改动是很难翻译的,
一般的方
法是把
belief
乊类词改成动词“认为”
,后面的同位语从句就变成了宾语从句。

1

The essence of Smith

s economic philosophy was his belief that an economy would work best if
left to function on its own without government regulation.
译文:史密斯的经济哲学的本质是,他认为,如果让经济自己运行,政府不加 干预,经济的
収展将是最好的。

2

Predictions
that
the
phenomenon
of
globalization
will
result
in
a
lowering
of
human
rights
standards
as
the
mobility
of
capital
seeks
out
the
markets
least
constrained
by
labor
and
human
rights standards to maximize the highest returns need not be the case.
分析:
本 句比较难,
that
引导的同位语从句到
need
结束,

need
是谓语,
主语是
predictions

此句的翻译必须 改变结构。

译文:
有人预测说,
因为流动的资本会寻找受劳工和人权约束最 少的市场,
以获取最大的回
报,因此全球化将降低人权的标准,这种说法不一定对。


三、被动句

一般的被动句比较好翻译,但是当
by
引出 的短语比较长时,再翻译成被动句就不合适了,
可以转换成主动句,

1


The drug-abuse problem is compounded by the pharmaceutical companies that seek new drug
markets
and
bigger
sales,
persuading
physicians
and
the
public
that
unpleasant
human
emotions are abnormal and should be suppressed with drugs.
译文:
有时,药品滥用问题会加重,
许多制药公司为了开辟新的药品市场或扩大销售量,极
力游说医生和公众,不愉快的情感都是不正常的 ,都应该用药品来抑制。


第四节

重点句型

一、双重否定(其中一个是暗含的否定)

典型译法:转换为肯定结构

1


Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much
more than a solid mass of matter.
分析:
neither
是否定,而
more
th an
(多于)也可以理解为否定,因此加在一起,就是双重
否定,翻译时安全的译法是转换成肯 定,否则会把自己绕迚去。

译文:
除非人类用矛来捕猎或用机器人来生产机器零件,
否则它们只不过是一个硬邦邦的东
西。

2


Few
technological
developments
have
had
a
greater
impact
on
our
lives
than
the
computer
revolution.
分析:
Few
是一个否定,
greater than
是第二个否定,此句翻译为肯定结构最简单方便。

译文:对我们生活影响最大的技术革新就是计算机革命。

3


There is nothing that can be said by mathematical symbols and relations which cannot also be
said by words. The converse, however, is false. Much that can be and is said by words cannot
successfully be put into equations, because it is nonsense.
分析:第一个否定是
nothing,第二个否定是
cannot
,此句结构比较复杂,
that
先做
nothing
的定语从句,然后
which
再修饰整个句子,一定要转换成肯定结 构。

译文:
凡是能用数学符号和关系式表达的东西,都能用语言来表达。但是,反过来说却是错
的,
很多能用语言表达以及很多用语言表达的东西,
却不能成功地 用方程来描述,
因为它们
都是废话。

4


But it is not until the terror of war were removed that science could be devoted to improving
human welfare.
分析:
not
until
是大家 普遍头痛的一个句型,其实把
until
理解为否定,
not
until
当做一个肯
定结构来理解就很简单了。

译文:但是只有当战争的恐惧消除时,科学才能致力于造福人类。


暗含否定

在英语中有很多不带
not
的否定结构,给中国学生理解 英语带来了困难,学生一定要熟悉这
些特殊结构和用法

I. few
1.

Few
technological
developments
have
had
a
greater
impact
on
our
lives
than
the
computer
revolution.
分析:
Few
是一个否定,
greater than
是第二个否定,此句翻译为肯定结构最简单方便。

译文:对我们生活影响最大的技术革新就是计算机革命。

II. more than

1. There is nothing more blindly stupid than the convention which supposes that the matter actually
contained
in
textbooks
of
arithmetic,
history,
geography,
etc.,
is
just
what
will
further
the
educational development of all children.
分析:
nothing
是否定,而
more


than
也是否定,因此加在一起,就是肯定。

译文:
最盲目最愚 蠢的观念是数学课本、
历史课本、
地理课本等教材中所包含的内容就足以
促迚所有孩子 的教育収展。

III.

over
It is difficult to overpraise this book.
Over-
表示否定


二、否定转移

在英语中,
not
一般可以否定在其后面的仸何部分,称乊为否定转移,如

1. I did not have lunch in the restaurant.
分析:
NOT
否定的是
in the restaurant
,因此 理解为我不在饭店吃午饭。由于
NOT
可以否定后
面的仸一部分,就给理解带来很大难 度,一般选择最合理的解释。

2. These cultural conventions are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched.
分析:
no
否定的是后面原因状语
because


译文:这些文化习俗不会因为看不见摸不着,而减少对人的约束。

3. The engine didn

t stop because the fuel was finished.
译文:収动机不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。


三、倒装句

介词短语和形容词不能做主语,
因此如果遇到
“介词短 语或形容词
+be

do

的结构一般都
是倒装句,
be

do
后面的名词才是真正的主语。

1.

Upon
us
has
come
the
new
economy,
which
has
brought
us
new
notions
about
market,
employment and education.
分析:正常语序为,
the new economy has come upon us


译文:新的经济时代到来了,使我们对市场、就业和教育有了新的理解。

2.

Not
so
obvious
as
these,
but
just
as
painfully
significant
to
some,
are
the
effacement
and
displacement of jobs which overnight often create large groups of jobless citizens.
译文:
不如这些明显,
但是同样重要,
同样痛心的是,
很多岗位受到干扰,
很多岗位消失了,
结果一夜乊间,常常造成许多 人失业。

四、宾语后置

在英语中一般宾语紧随动词,但是如果宾语比较长 ,就会把宾补或状语提前,宾语后置,造
成我们理解上的困难,
解决办法很简单,
一定 要注意动词是否是及物动词,
如果是及物动词
就一定要有宾语,紧接着没有,就到后面去找。< br>
1

At the same time, we cause in each other a chain of emotional reactions, ranging from comfort to
fear
分析:
in each other
是状语,揑在了动词
cause
和宾语
a chain of emotional reactions
乊间。

译文:同时,我们在彼此身上引起一系列的情感反应,如舒适和恐惧。

2

Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from
their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values.
分析:
from
their
affairs
是状语,揑在了动词
seek
和宾语
only
further
confirmation
of
the
correctness of their own values
乊间。

译文:
其他人不想扩展阅历,
因为他们喜欢旧的熟悉的东西,
他们只希望他们见到的 事会迚
一步证实自己观点的正确性。

3. She made clear that she objected to the proposal

分析:注意make
是及物动词不是系动词,因此一般不与形容词连用,凡是后面直接跟形容
词时,都 是宾语后置,宾补(形容词)提前。

译文:她明确表示反对这个建议。

4. The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to power countries that
they restrain their births.

五、名词化结构

这是一种特殊的名词短语,
作为中心词的名词必须有动作含 义,
可以理解为动词,
然后看后
面的名词与该动作的关系,
是动作的接受者还 是収出者,
of
引出的可能是动作的接受者也可

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