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2021-01-22 07:46
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2021年1月22日发(作者:蒸馏水)
英语中“校长”的几种译法

中文里不论什么学校的“长”
,都叫“校长”
,英文里的“校长”的名称却有所不同。中小学

school
)的校长,美 国英语通常称为
principal
,英国英语现在通常称为
head teache r

过去一般称为
headmaster
;大学校长则称
presi dent

chancellor.
不过英国大学的
chancellor< br>是虚衔,可以译成“名誉校长”
,真正的校长是
Vice-chancellor.


下文里的“校长”显然指大学校长,应当译成
university p resident.
接下来,就让我
们看一篇有关“校长”的文章,以及精彩的翻译点评。


常常会听到一些大学校长说
“我把学生当自己的儿女看待”

一派慈祥。
他也真做得像个
严父慈母:规定学生不许穿拖鞋在校内行走,上课不许 迟到,周会时要正襟危坐,睡眠要足
8
小时,熄灯前要洗澡入厕,清晨
6
点必 须起床做操,讲话时不许口含食物,夏天不可穿短
裤上课,看电影有害学业,看电视有伤眼睛,吃饭之前 要洗手,等等等。



I often hear university presidents say,
own
children,
their
voices
full
of
fatherly
love.
And
indeed
they
act
just
like
strict
but loving parents, telling the students that they aren't allowed to walk around
campus
in
slippers,
that
they
shouldn't
come
late
to
class,
that
they
shouldn't
speak
with food in their mouths, that they can't wear shorts in the classroom during the
summer, that they have to sit up straight and be serious at weekly meetings, that
they should get at least eight hours of sleep, that they have to finish using the
showers
and
bathrooms
before
the
lights
are
turned
off
in
the
dormitory,
that
everyone
must get up for morning exercises at six a.m., that going to the cinema too often
will
interfere
with
their
studies,
that
watching
too
much
television
will
ruin
their
eyesight, that they should wash their hands before meals, and so on and so forth.


翻译评析:



1
)常常会听到:即“我常常会听到”

I
often
hear
……)
。汉语的主语常可以省略,而
英语句子一般须有主语。



2
)看待:这里可以理解为“对待”

treat
……
as
if
……)
,按字面意思译成
regard
……
as
……也可以。



3
)一派慈祥:
“一派……”的意思 是“显出非常……的样子”
,这里可以理解为“话音中
充满……”
,译成
th eir voices full of
……或以感叹句

……!

的形 式另起一句。英语
似乎缺乏一个与“慈祥”完全对应的词,比较接近的有
motherly/f atherly, loving,
benevolent.
“一派慈祥”
可以译成
their
voices
full
of
fatherly
love

How
benevolent!.


4
)他:由于前面说的是“一些大学校长”
,英文这里得用
they.


5
)做得像:也就是“表现得像”

act just like





6
)严父慈母:字面意思是“ 严格的父亲和慈祥的母亲”
,这里可以理解为“严格而又慈
祥的父母”

st rict but loving parents




7

规定:
这里用
telling

stipulat ing
好。
tell
本身就有命令、
规定的意思,
stipulat e
则显得过于正式。



8

不许:
这 里的意思是
“不被允许”

aren't
allowed


但形式上却没有任何被动标记。
中文里这种情况很多。


< br>9

在校内:
不能一看见
“在……内”
就用
in.< br>这里的
“校”

“校园”

campus



campus
并不跟
in
搭配。这里用
around campus
(在校园四处)




10
)上课 不许迟到:这里的“不许”似乎重点不在于重申一项规定,而是劝说学生“不
要”
,因此宜译成
shouldn't come late to class.


11

周会时……做操:
这几句话由于是肯定句,
翻译时不妨跟后面的两个否定句 调个个,
这样就把表示禁止句子连在了一起。把表示要求、规劝、建议的句子连在一起,读起来更顺一些。



12
)周会:每周一次的会(
weekly meetings





13
)正襟危坐:意思就是“身子坐直,态度严肃”

sit up straight and be serious




14
)睡眠要足
8
小时:意思是“要得到至少
/

8< br>小时的睡眠”

should get at least
eight/eight full hours of sleep





15
)熄灯前:这里指“在宿舍熄灯前”

before the lights are turned off in the
dormitory





16
)洗澡入厕:这里的意思应当是“淋浴完毕,上完厕所”

finish
using
the
showers
and bathrooms





17
)起床做操:中文是并列结构,英文也可以译成并列结构
get up and do morning
exercises
,但不如将“做操”译成状语
for morning exercises
简练。



18
) 讲话时不许口含食物:也就是“不要在嘴里有食物时说话”

shouldn't
speak
with
food in their mouths/with their mouths full





19


穿短裤上课:即“在教室里穿短裤”

wear shorts in the classroom




20

看电影有害学业:
意思应当是
“看电影过多会影响学习”

going
to
the
cinema/movies
too often will interfere with their studies





21

看电视 有害眼睛:
意思也是
“看电视过多会损害视力”

watching
too
much
television
will ruin their eyesight





22


吃饭之前:即“饭前”

before meals





23


等等等:
and so on and so forth

etc., etc..






















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