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私人珍藏(英语)高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)易错剖析含解析

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2021-01-22 07:47
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2021年1月22日发(作者:全程服务)
(英语)高三英语阅读理解
(
科普环保
)
易错剖析含解析


一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1

犇犇阅读下列短 文,从每题所给的
A

B

C

D
四个选 项中,选出最佳选项。


The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast
in the doctor's office and the queue of
patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the
model
of
short,
sharp
one-to-one
appointments
to
give
way
to
shared
medical
appointments
(SMAs
共享医疗预约
).


SMAs
are
doctor-patient
visits
in
which
a
group
of
patients
receive
patient
education
and
counseling (
咨询
), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs
are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common
illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment
time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians
and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.

However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are
significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland
Clinic,
identifies
culture
change
as
the
most
significant
challenge.
Physicians
and
nurses
are
trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge
to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed
standards.
Dr.
Sumego
says,

physicians
may
be
worried
about
the
possible
chaos
and
efficiencies
that
are
marketed.
They
also
have
to
make
the
patients
understand
what
their
appointment is, and what the expectation is.


to
start
the
buy-in
from
a few
champion
physicians,
develop
the
work-flow
and
develop
some
experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some
standards
so
that,
as
the
concept
spreads,
you
can
employ
that
experience
to
start
the
next
shared medical appointments and the next.


1

What is the purpose of the SMA approach?

A. To improve medical service.

B. To promote doctors' reputation.

C. To conduct medical research.

D. To meet patients' expectation.


2

According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?

A. Personal service.
B. Fixed ideas.
C. Lack of equipment.
D. Shared goals.


3

What can the underlined

A. practice B. organization C. purchase D. support


4

What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph?

A. It is currently being questioned.

B. It is impractical in some areas.

C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon.

D. It should be carried out step by step.

【答案】


1

A


2

B


3

A


4

D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了
SMAs
(
共享医疗预约
)
模式,以及这种模式
面临的挑战。



1
)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“In contrast to one
-to-one visits, SMA provide a longer
appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their
physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.”
可知
SMAs

式为患者提供了更长的预约时间,也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触 的机会,同时还能从
同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。这说明
SAMs
的出现是为患者 提供更好的医疗服务。故

A




2
)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Dr. Sumego, dire
ctor of shared medical appointments,
Cleveland Clinic, …… personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge
to
those
fixed
ideas.”
可知
Dr.
Sumego
认为,文化转变是最大的

挑战。医生和护士接受的是
针对个人服务和隐私的培训
;
SMAs
方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。也就是说,改变这
些已经固定的想法是一种挑战,所以这些固定的想 法会阻碍
SMAs
模式的推广,故选
B




3
)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的
“if
an
organization
was
looking
to
start
shared
medical appointments

I would advise them to start the buy-
in from a few champion physicians”
可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话,
Dr.
Sumego
建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始
他们的
buy- in
,根据语境,故选
A




4
)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“So,
if
an
organization
was
looking
to
start
shared
medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians,
develop
the…
appointments
and
the
next.”
可知如果一个组织要开始
SMAs

Dr.
Sumego
建议
他们从一些优秀的医师开始,开发一些流程,积累一些经验。制定一些标准, 以便随着概
念的推广,他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下
次。这说明
SMAs
的实施需要一步一步来,不会一步到位。故选
D


【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求 考
生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。


2

犇犇
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have
read.


Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length

Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw- toothed trailing edge
on flukes, often raised when diving

Bumpy tubercles on top of head

Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body
and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition

Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped

270-400 olive baleen plates


Humpback
whales
belong
to
the
rorqual
(groove-throated)
family,
which
includes
fin,
sei,
Bryde's, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas
(North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic
feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may
migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females
give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain
in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in
later
life
some
wander
between
breeding
areas.
Humpbacks
eat
small
shrimps
and
other
schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed.

Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 'hump' back when submerging, but at a distance
may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and
blue whales.


Protection
status:
Recovering
well
from
past
whaling
and
now
numerous
in
some
former
migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.


1

Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?

A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.

B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.

C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.

D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.


2

Which of the following can be inferred from this article's description of humpback whales'
migration?

A. They need warmer waters to breed.

B. They can't survive in extreme cold.

C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.

D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.


3

This article is mainly intended to .

A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world

B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters

C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection

D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species

【答案】


1

C


2

A


3

C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色,以及其 如何
繁殖、喂养等生活习性等,并呼吁大家保护它。



1
)考查推理判断

。根据第四个小点后的一段

color
is
dark
brown
to
black;
often
extensive
white
on
flippers
and
underside
of
body
and
flukes;
such
patterns
enable
individual
recognition
可知,座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色, 脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的
白色;这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知
C
项符合题意,故选
C




2
)考查推理判断。根据第五个小黑点后面的

big
family
migrate
between
winter
tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga)
and summer Antarctic feeding areas.
座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区(西北大陆架、
大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加) 和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知,座
头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区,是温暖的地方。可知座 头鲸需要在暖和的地方
繁殖,故选
A




3< br>)考查主旨大意。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色,以及其如何繁殖喂养等
生活习性等作 了介绍,并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识,并
对它们加以保护。分析选项可 知
C
项符合题意,故选
C



【点评】本题考点 涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考
生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分 析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。


3

犇犇阅读理解


A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most
dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(
金属彩虹色
) can visually puzzle
predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in
the journal
Scientific

Reports
.


Shining
iridescent
color,
which
changes
depending
on
the
angle
from
which
it's
viewed,
is
favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.


widespread in nature.
some cases the
showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy.
particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(
雌雄两性
), such as birds of paradise or
some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.
For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and
they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates.
shows
up
in
situations
where
reproduction
is
not
an
issue.

So
what
we
are
studying
now
is
whether
natural
selection
imposed
by
predation(
捕食行为
)
could
explain
the
occurrence
of
iridescence in prey animals.

The idea that eye-
catching colors could be used as a cover-
up isn't a new one.
camouflage
theory,
Abbott
Thayer,
really
believed
that
iridescence
should
be
categorized
as
a
camouflage
strategy.
And
he
wrote
in
his
famous
lifework
Concealing
-
Coloration

in

the

Animal

Kingdom,
already in 1909, that 'brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest
factors in an animal's concealment'. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say,
because
how
can
colors
that
are
both
brilliant
and
changeable
contribute
to
animal's
concealment




form
of
camouflage
by
preventing
shape
recognition.
Kjernsmo
and
her
colleagues
trained
bumblebees to associate a particular shape

a circle or an oval

with a sugar reward. And they
found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be
sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees had trouble telling them apart.
that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable
shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.
hiding in plain sight,
has
an
interest
in
camouflage,
that
is
how
to
conceal
objects
or
make
them
more
difficult
to
recognize.
iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a bird's-
eye view.


1

According to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to ________.

A. live a little longer by escaping their predator(
捕食者
)
B. catch the attention of their mates

C. conceal themselves when in danger D. catch sight of more colorful preys


2

From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.

A. Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an oval

B. Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescent

C. If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding it

D. Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not


3

What will be talked about in the following paragraph?

A. Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.

B. Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.

C. Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.

D. Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.


4

Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?

A. A famous camouflage strategy
B. Metallic iridescent as the best disguise

C. Colors unique to animals
D. Shining colors as a sexual strategy

【答案】


1

D


2

C


3

C


4

B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。



1
)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“A
good
disguise
keeps
you
hidden,
right?
Well,
sometimes
the
best
disguise
is
actually
the
most
dazzling
because
research
reveals
that
flashy
metallic
iridescence(
金属彩虹色
)
can
visually
puzzle
predators,
which
allows
colorful
prey
to
survive another day.”
可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更 久,排除
A
;根据第三
段中的
“Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong
sexual
dimorphism(
雌雄两性
),
such
as
birds
of
paradise
or
some
butterflies
or
fishes,
the
occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.”
在这里我想指出的是,在某
些物 种中,尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种,比如天堂鸟、孔雀,甚至在某些蝴蝶
或鱼类中,彩虹色的 出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注
意,排除
B
;根据 倒数第二段中的
“The
idea
that
eye?catching
colors
could
be
used
as
a

cover?up isn't a new one.”
引人注目的颜 色可以用来伪装,这种想法并不新鲜,排除
C
,故选
D




2
)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“It
seemed
that
the
strikingly
iridescent
surfaces
on
our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them
hard
to
disti nguish.”
似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标
形状, 这使得它们很难区分。故选
C




3
)考查推 理判断。根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验,这些鸟类的饮
食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。 实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下
来一段会谈论

为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响,故选
C




4
)考查主旨大意。第一段中的
“Well,
sometimes
the
best
disguise
is
actually
the
most
dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(
金属彩虹色
) can visually puzzle
predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”
有时,最好的伪装其实是最耀眼
的伪装,因为研 究表明,闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者,这让五颜六色的猎物
能够再存活一天,是全文的主题 句,结合全文内容,可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于
生物隐藏,故选
B



【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推
理,概括和归 纳,从而选出正确答案。


4

犇犇阅读理解


Hacking isn't just for computers and smartphones, According to a study published last week in
the journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use
sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around
the world.

Photosynthesis
(光合作用)
is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and
carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very
slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a
plant's genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between
14 and 20 percent.


when a plant gets too much sunlight,
the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in
shade, the protective system is turned off, but the process is slow.

Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He compared a plant's protective system to light-
adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses
(镜片)
darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants
the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to
get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food.


The
new
study
sped
up
the
process.
By
changing
the
plant's
genes,
the
protective
system
turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used
in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a
third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they
think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice.


1

What will happen to the plants when scientists change plants' genes



A. They will become weaker and weaker.
B. They will grow fast to produce more food.

C. They will have more beautiful flowers. D. They will depend less on sunlight.


2

Why does the author mention light-adjusting glasses



A. To warn people of the hot and bright sun.

B. To explain the principle of plants' protective system.

C. To help leaves of the plants absorb sunlight.

D. To serve the science experiment smoothly.


3

In the future, the genetic changes will be used to.

A. improve tobacco plants' quality
B. increase tobacco plants' leaves and roots

C. improve the flowers' living time
D. increase the production of corn and rice


4

Which of the following can be the theme of this text



A. Hacking plants for more production B. Leaf growing more quickly

C. Double production of tobacco plants D. Photosynthesis and production

【答案】


1

B


2

B


3

D


4

A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,科学家通过改变植物的基因,加快光合作用的 速
度,使植物叶子生长迅速,从而提高植物产量。



1
)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“ scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in
order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the
amount of
food produced around the world. ”
可知,科学家发现改变植物基因会使植物 的光合作用速度
加快,将来会增加全球植物的产量。故选
B




2
)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的

He
compared
a
plant's
protective
system
to
light
-
adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses
(镜片)
darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants
the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. ”
可知,作者提到镜片是为了说
明植物的保护系统的工作原理与镜片相同。故选< br>B




3
)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“ But they think the genetic changes will produce
the
same results in corn and rice. ”
但是他们认为基因的改变将在玉米和水稻中 产生相同的结果。
可知选
D




4
) 考查主旨大意,根据文章内容可知,科学家改变植物的基因,加快光合作用的速
度,使植物叶子生长迅速 ,从而提高植物产量。故选
A



【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解 ,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅
读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步 根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推
理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。


5

犇犇阅读理解



Wolves
strike
fear
into
the
hearts
of
many
species,
humans
included.
Our
fear
of
them
has
brought
them
to
the
edge
of
dying
out,
as
we
have
cruelly
killed
them
as
competitors
and
trouble-makers. But researchers are discovering that the very fear they put into prey
(被捕食
者)
species is exactly what helps make ecosystems
(生态)
healthy.

Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem.
An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park.



has
benefited
from
the
reintroduction
of
wolves
in
ways
that
we
did
not
anticipate,
especially
the
complexity
of
biological
interactions
(互动)

in
the
park,
explained
Mark Boyce, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences.
that
and
we'd
never
have
seen
these
responses
if
the
park
hadn't
adopted
ecological-process
management

allowing
natural
ecological
processes
to
take
place
with
least
human
intervention.

After the wolves were re-introduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in
number.
The
population
of
bears
and
bison
also
rose
and
what
was
once
a
ruling
deer-wolf
interaction is now more diverse.

To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains
how
the
presence
of
wolves
influences
the
behavior
of
deer,
which
eventually
makes
entire
ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy. In this documentary, biologist Aaron Wirsing
explored why wolves and other top predators
(捕食者)
were needed for diverse ecosystems to
develop. Using a simple video camera, Wirsing is gaining a unique view point on predator-prey
relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.

The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important
not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The
fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.


1

What does the underlined word

A. Expect.
B. Understand.
C. Notice.
D. Accept.


2

For what purpose was a documentary made?

A. To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.

B. To show how wolves benefit from ecosystems.

C. To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.

D. To study what good wolves can do to ecosystems.


3

What is the significance of the research?

A. It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.

B. It helps prove the importance of protecting wolves.

C. It shows the complex relationships between species.

D. It provides evidence that wolves are endangered animals.


4

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.

B. The fear of wolves put them in danger of disappearing.

C. Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.

D. The introduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park is a success.

【答案】


1

A


2

D


3

B


4

A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文,研究表明人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健
康、平衡的生态系统是有益的,其中黄石公园灰狼 的引进就是一个典型的例子。



1
)考查词义猜测。根据第三段 中的

可知,黄石公园在意
想不到的方面从重新引入狼中获益。故选
A




2
)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的
“To learn more about just how wol
ves are beneficial, a
short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of
deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and he althy.”
可知,拍
摄纪录片的目的是了解狼是如何对生态有益的。故选
D




3
)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“The re
search is one more piece of evidence for why
protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of
species at every level of an ecosystem.”
可知,这项研究再次证明了为什么保护这些食肉动物
不仅对狼这个物种很重要,而且对生态系统的各个 层面的物种都很重要。故这项研究的意
义在于它有助于证明保护狼的重要性。故选
B




4
)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述了人类以及其他动物对狼的 恐惧对维持健康、平衡的
生态系统是有益的,因为食草动物不会过度繁殖,从而保护了植物的生长。故选
A



【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个 题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅
读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进 行分析,推
理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。


6

阅读理解

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