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英语修辞手法
1) Simile
：
(
明喻）
It is a figure of speech which makes a
comparison between two unlike elements having at least one
quality or characteristic (
特性
)in common. To make the
comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to
transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For
example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from
a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can
see.
2) Metaphor
：
(
暗喻）
It is like a simile, also makes a
comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile,
this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the
world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and
center of the store.
3) Analogy: (
类比）
It is also a form of comparison, but unlike
simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one
point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two
unlike things that have several common qualities or points of
resemblance.
4) Personification: (
拟人）
It gives human form of feelings to
animals, or life and personal attributes(
赋予
) to inanimate(
无
生命的
) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(
抽象
). For
example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: (
夸张）
It is the deliberate use of overstatement
or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost
died laughing.
6) Understatement: (
含蓄陈述）
It is the opposite of hyperbole,
or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by
deliberately(
故意地
) understating it, impressing the listener or
the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than
by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: (
委婉）
It is the substitution of an agreeable or
inoffensive(
无冒犯
) expression for one that may offend or
suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to
as” pass away
8) Metonymy (
转喻
借代）
It is a figure of speech that has to
do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of
another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the
sword (forces).
借代
（
metonymy
）是指两种不同事物并不相
似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一
种。
1
、
Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself
was coming to inspect them...
几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”
在这里代替了
“news, information”
（消息、信息）
2
、
Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用眼睛说，
“
是的
”
。
“
说
”
应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了
“
说话的
意思< br>”
。
9) Synecdoche (
提喻）
It is involves the substitution of the
part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they
say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (
换喻）
It has also to do with substitution. It is
not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For
example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair
judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (
双关语）
It is a play on words, or rather a play on
the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball
took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here
two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)/
Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he
declared. “Both
，
sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”
一词一
语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战 士
参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役
12) Syllepsis: (
一语双叙）
It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a
particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more
words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or
agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(
句法
).
For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to
follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
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