争霸赛英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

2021年1月22日发(作者：defrost)

英语修辞手法总结

Figures of speech (
修辞
)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in
other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or
to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are
going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.
1) Simile
：
(
明喻）
It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike
elements having at least one quality or characteristic (
特性
)in common. To make the
comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we
associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good
news from a far country.
2) Metaphor
：
(
暗喻）
It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements,
but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world
is a stage.
3) Analogy: (
类比）
It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which
usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two
unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification: (
拟人）
It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal
attributes(
赋予
) to inanimate(
无生命的
) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(
抽象
). For
example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: (
夸张）
It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve
emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement: (
含蓄陈述）
It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It
achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(
故意地
) understating it,
impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by
bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: (
委婉）
It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(
无冒犯
)
expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer
to
8) Metonymy (
转喻）
It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane
of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword
(forces).
9) Synecdoche (
提喻）
It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the
whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed
in silks.
10) Antonomasia (
换喻）
It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now,
though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise
and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.


11) Pun: (
双关语）
It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words.
For instance, a cannon- ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here
two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Syllepsis: (
一语双叙）
It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a
word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or
agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(
句法
). For example, He addressed you and
me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For
example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind
to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind
is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (
轭式搭配）
It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more
words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or
applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor
the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (
反语）
It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of
what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.
For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo: (
暗讽）
It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (
曲折
)way
at something disparaging(
不一致
) or uncomplimentary(
不赞美
) to the person or subject
mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a
bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (
讽刺）
It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and
bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject
attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps
break through.
17) Paradox: (
似非而是的隽语）
It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or
proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to
established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true,
well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron: (
矛盾修饰）
It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(
结合
) of two
contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(
不协调
) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly
chaos(
混乱
) and proud humility(
侮辱
).
19) Antithesis: (
对照）
It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in
balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is
golden.


20) Epigram: (
警句）
It states a simple truth pithily(
有利地
) and pungently(
强烈地
). It is
usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of
human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (
渐进）
It is derived from the Greek word for
progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,
like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos: (
突降）
It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's
thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from
weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die,
and endow(
赋予
) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe
：
(
顿呼）
In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or
absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For
instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet: (
转类形容词）
It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an
adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(
修饰
)
to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless
nights on my project.
25) Alliteration: (
头韵）
It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for
effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(
间隔
) and since the
sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called
instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.
26) Onomatopoeia: (
拟声）
It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an
object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(
提示的
) of some
action or movement

Explanation version1
一、什么是修辞格

修辞格
(figures of speech)
是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、
具体活泼，给人以美的享受。要翻译好英语修 辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异
同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻 译。英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞
格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。

（一）音韵修辞格
(phonological rhetorical devices)
顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。它主要包括
onomato poeia
、
alliteration
和
assonance
。< br>Onomatopoeia
是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全
相 同。恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。如：
Presently there came the click of high-heeled
shoes.
高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。

Alliteration
就是在一个词组 或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音
节）具有同样的字母或声音；< br>