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孩子的孩子翻译方法总结

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-22 07:50
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2021年1月22日发(作者:衬板)

一.

直译法(
Literal translation


直译法不是一字对一字的翻译,
而是按照字面翻 译,
不做太多的引申和注释。
直译法一般可以保留原文的文化特色。


1


General
Motors
and
Chrysler
were
working
feverishly
to
bring
out
their
subcompacts.
But
the
head
of
the
Ford
Motor
Company
had
stuck
his
head in the sand.

通 用汽车公司和莱克斯勒公司正全力以赴推出他们的超小汽车,而福特公
司的老板却把头埋在沙里。


2
)—
A traitor to our glorious cause







The pot

s calling the kettle black




好啊,你出卖了我们的光荣事业




得了,你这话岂不是盆叫嚷罐黑

二.

意译法


Free translation


牺牲原文的某些文化特色,结合上下文进行意译,以保持原文内容的完整性


1


She was driving into such a corner that she was obliged to give up
all
projects with Cupid had any share
她被逼的走投无路了,不得不放弃一切和恋爱婚姻有关的打算


2


but it is as dark as Egypt outdoors .We might go tomorrow if there is a
moon

只是外面漆黑黑的。明个要是有月亮,明个去也成

三.

借用法


Borrowing method


用异语文化代替源语文化。这种方法针对文化共性,在源出语和目的 语存在
内容和形式相似时,或者形式不尽相同但表达意义非常接近时使用


1


Why, I have got gooseflesh this minute, just thinking about it.
这会儿,我一想到这点二就浑身起鸡皮疙瘩


2


The American ambassador may have a card up his sleeve
美国大使也许胸有成竹

四.

分译法


Spitting method


—根据行文要求,讲一句译为几句。

The year 1983 began

and ended

with an unusual oil crisis: fears that the price
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of crude oil would not go up but down.
1983
年新年伊始,就存在着一种异乎寻常的石油危机:人们担心原油价格
下降, 而不是上扬。这一年结束的时候,情况依然如故。

—将一词分译成不同的表达方式

I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands and good fathers.
我尊重他们:他们是守法的公民,尽职的丈夫,慈祥的父亲。

五.

合译法


Combined translation


主要是根据文章紧凑,简练的原则,将两句或数句合并成一句

This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot- boiler
这部小说存属胡编乱造,没有多大文学价值

They talked, they laughed, and they sat up the whole night
他们又说又笑,通宵达旦。



顺译法


Natural-flow translation


顺译法 就是在正确理解原句的基础上,把句子按意群拆分成一个个部分,然
后把各个部分按顺序译出


1

Our country along with other developing countries is (2) experiencing acute
shortage
of
(3)
skilled
workers,
engineers,
technicians,
and
administrative
and
managerial
personal,
(4)
so
we
should
like
to
ask
you
(5)
to
provide
for
the
training of as many operating personal as possible.
(1)
我国 像其他发展中国家一样,

2
)严重缺乏(
3
)技术熟练的工人,工 程
技术和行政人员,

4
)因此,我们请贵方(
5
)提供方 便,培训尽可能多的
经营人员。



倒译法


Inverted translation


就是按照意群把句子拆散后,逆着原文的句法排列,从后往前逐片翻译,组
合成句


1

It was a keen disappointment

2


when I had to postpone the visit

3

which I had intended to pay to China in January

( 3)
我原打算一月份访问中国,
(2)
后来不得不推迟,
(1)
这使 我深感失望。



拆译法


Separated translation


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就是把原句中的某个词或片语抽出来单独翻译。

This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the
classification: mechanics, heat,electricity and sound.
为便于学习起见,通常将这门学科分为:力学,热学,光学,电学和声学。



转换法


Conversion




词类转化


常把名词,介词转换成动词

1.

名词转换为汉语的动词

Joseph beheld my style of cookery with growing indignation
我这种烧饭的方式叫约瑟夫越看越冒火了

2.

介词和副词转换成汉语动词

It
would
not
be
easy
to
talk
in
general
terms
about
Western
Europe
as
a
unite,
with its differences of climate and culture, its mountains, plains and coasts.

西欧诸国的气候不同,

文化各异,山峦,平原,海岸各 具特色,要想把西
欧作为整体加以总述,可不是件容易的事情

—语态转换

Passive voice
——

Positive voice


1.
被动句转换成汉语主动句

It
was
soon
recognized
that
this
approach
offer
the
best
framework
for
a
solution

人们不久就认识到,

这种办法提供了解决问题的最佳框架

2.
被动句译成汉语把字句

The stall building has been practically leveled to the ground by the big fire

大火几乎把这座高大建筑物夷为平地

3.

在为数不多的英语主动句中,却往往译成汉语的被动句

They all succumbed to temptation
他们都被诱惑征服了

The
jeweler’
s was robbed last night, and the Reagans are under suspicion
昨夜,珠宝行遭抢劫,里根夫妇成了被怀疑的对象


正反转换

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1.

正说反译


1

In the absence of a vaccine, how can HIV be stopped?
如果没有疫苗,

能够阻止艾滋病毒的传播吗


2


Politeness
is
not
always
the
sign
of
wisdom,
but
the
want
of
it
always
leaves room for the suspicion of folly.



虽然有礼貌并不一定标志着有智慧,但是无礼貌却会使人怀疑其愚蠢

2.

反说正译


1

I won

t keep you waiting long
我一会儿就回来

(2)The mother gently disengaged her hand form that of her sleeping baby
母亲小心翼地从熟睡的孩子的手里抽出自己的手来

十.

变通法


Adaptation method




增减词语

增词

是指在译文中增加某些原文中虽无其字但有其意的词以便忠实通顺的
表达原文的意思

(一)

语义性增词

They wanted a generation of Americans conditioned to loyalty and duty
他们都希望把下一代美国人训练的忠于祖国,恪尽职责

(二)

结构性增词

汉译时往往需要按照句法上的需要补译英文中省略的各个成分,
才能使译文
句子意思完整,表达通顺

(1)

This is as true of nations as it is of individuals


个人是这样,国家也是这样


2

A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money


愚人很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱

(三)

修辞性增词



往往出现在译者推敲,校正和润饰译文的过程中, 而且所增加的词都不是
改变原文词句意思的语气词,强调性副词或其他修辞上所需要词汇。


1


Do not take it seriously. It is a joke.
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