帕普大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习分析解析

2021年1月22日发(作者：pocketpc)
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习



英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如

and
、
or< br>等，或标点符号如：分号，
逗号，
破折号等，
若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应 的单词、
词组或子句连在一起组成一种
并列或平行结构的长句，
以表达一个复杂得多层 次含义。
这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，
但
在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.


Classroom
：

1. Now,Shaw is exaggerating,but there is something in what he says,and the question is
worth following up,for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge
。



要
< br>点：
本句是由并列连词
but
，
and
引导的并列复合句。在 第三个分句中
it throws on
modern knowledge
是定语 从句，
修饰名词
light
，
定语从句的引导词
that
被 省略。
“throw light
on sth.”
的意思是
“make sth. clear”
。



参考译文：
当然萧伯纳是 言过其实了，
但他所说的也确实有些道理，
这一问题值得进一
步探讨，因为它会帮助人 们看清现代知识的真实情况。

was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave
her by herself.


要

点：
这是一个由
and
连接的并列复合句。
A nd
前面的句子是强调句，强调的成分是
he
。
for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen
意为
“
生怕，
以免
”
，
to leave her by herself=to
leave her alone
。

参考译文：
大部分时间都是他在讲话。
他似乎害怕停 下来，
生怕话一停，
她就会请他离
开。

Exercise :

1.
If you are a man,you can point out that most poets and men of science are male;if you are
a woman,you can retort that so are most criminals.
要

点：
这是一个句型结构十分对称的并列复合句。
“so are most criminals”
是倒装结构，
most
criminals
是主语，
so
是表语，代替
male
以避免重复。

参考译文：如果你是男人，你会指出，大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的
;
如果你是妇女，你
会 反驳说，大多数罪犯也都是男性的。

2.
Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that
discrimination by private employers would be greater.


参考译文
：
根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。

3.
The
release
of
the
carbon
in
these
compounds
for
recycling
depends
almost
entirely
on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.
参考译文：
这种化合物通过碳的释放来实现循环，主要依靠喜氧和厌氧细菌以及一些菌类
的活动。

4. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have
outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says
that they haven
’
t.
参考译文：
一场激烈的争论在一个女孩和一位少校中展开 了，前者说女人们已经不再“看
到老鼠就从椅子上跳起来”了，而后者说她们依然那样。

5. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach
language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.
参考译文
：
他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们 语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言
的东西。

6. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain
works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have
to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.
参考译文
：
使用计算机来 拷贝大脑工作方式的数学家们发现即使使用最先进的电子设备，
他们也要建造一台超过
10，
000
公斤的计算机。








7.
Since
different
people
like
to
do
so
many
different
things
in
their
spare
time,
we
could
make
a
long
list
of
hobbies,
taking
in
everything
from
collecting
matchboxes
and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.
参考译文
：
既然不同的人们在他们的业余时间做不同的事情，我们可以 列出一长串爱好列
表，包括从收集火柴盒到养珍稀鱼类以及学习星学和制造航模等各种消遣。

8. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open
by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.
参考译文
：
他们知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的热气会使冰面上 出现洞口，于是他们就
在洞旁守侯并捕杀海豹。

9. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have
none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.
参考译文
：
只要一个人没有属于其他人种的明显的特征，我们就可以判断 他是否属于白色
人种。

10.
Although
signs
of
dishonesty
in
school
,
business
and
government
seem
much
more
numerous in years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at
revealing such dishonesty?
参考译文
：
尽管在学校，企业和政府中不诚实的欺诈行为近年来比以往都要多，大那也许
是因为我们在这些方面加 大了揭露的力度。

11. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but
of
rejecting
its
implications:
that
the
romances
may
be
taken
in
any
or
no
particular
order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the
works of a modern novelist.
参考译文
：
并不是与独立理论不一致，而是与其应用不相符合：爱情小说可以以任何一种
形式展现或者 根本没有特殊的规律，他们没有累积效果，就象现代小说家的作品一样独立。
12. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required
“

union card
”

in the academic world,
has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of
knowledge without immediate application to a professor
’
s classroom duties.

参考译文：
即使是学术界被长时间认作必须 “同盟卡”的博士学位，现在也因为仅仅为了
学习本身和知识的累积而学习，却不把知识应用到教授的教 学职责中去而受到了严厉的批
评。

13. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and
clearly
try
to
present
a
picture
of
the
facts,
while
the
artist
usually
begins
with
a
preconceived
message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action
described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.
参考译文：
尽管收集必要的信息对于两 者来说都是需要的，
但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度
来提供事实的画面，
而艺术家从已 设字的信息或者态度开始，
并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情
绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来 。

14.
Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is
not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be,
and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.

参考译文：
流行期刊中甚至有文章批评 国民生产总值，因为它并不是一个福利目录，一方
面忽视了它从来就没有这种倾向，另一方面的建议是通 过正确的改变它才能被转化过来。

15.
Other
experiments
revealed
slight
variations
in
the
size,
number,
arrangement,
and
interconnection
of
the
nerve
cells,
but
as
far
as
psychoneuaral
correlations
were
concerned,
the
obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any
of the minute differences.
参考译文：
其他的实验揭示神经细胞的大小、数量、排列和连接的 细微变化，但就神经关联
而言，这些感觉区域的相似性比那些细微的区别更有意义可言。


16.
T
he
Chinese
have
distributed
publications
to
farmers
and
other
rural
residents
instructing
them
in
what
to
watch
for
their
animals
so
that
every
household
can
join
in
helping
to
predict
earthquakes.

参考译文：
中国向农民和其它农村住户发放了宣传刊物，指导他们观察动物，以便每户人
家都能参与帮助地 震预报。

17.
Supporters
of
the
Star
Wars
defense
system
hope
that
this
would
not
only
protect
a
nation
against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever
happening.
参考 译文：
星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望它不仅能保护一个遭受核攻击的国家，
也希望
它能成为使核攻击永不发生的足够威胁。

18.
Neither
would
it
prevent
cruise
missiles
or
bombers,
whose
flights
are
within
the
Earth
’
s
atmosphere, from hitting their targets.
参考译文：
它也不能防止轨道在地球大气层以内的洲际导弹和轰炸机命中目标。

19.
Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics,
and
other
minority
groups
have
difficulty
establishing
themselves
in
business
is
that
they
lack
access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.
参考译文：人民活动家一直认为黑人和拉丁美人难以在生意上立足的原因是因为他们难以取
得大公司的大宗定单 和分包合同

20.
During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the
“
useful
”

child who contributed
to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the
“
useless
”

child who,
though
producing
no
income
for,
and
indeed
extremely
costly
to
its
parents,
is
yet
considered
emotionally
“

priceless
”
.

参考译文：
她认为十九世纪给 家庭经济作出贡献的孩子才“有用”的概念慢慢改变了，今
天提到那些没有挣取收入的“无用”
孩子，
甚至还要花销很多，
仍然在情感上被认为是无价
的。

21.
Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800
’
s, this new
view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as
reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on
the assumption that a child
’
s emotional value made child labor taboo

参考译文：
这种关于孩子的观点 到
19
世纪时已在中上阶级中建立，并于
19
世纪末
20
世 纪
初在社会上广泛传播，
当时改革者们推行童工规定和义务教育法，
部分来源于孩子的 情感价
值的假设，这都使得使用童工被禁止了。

22. No prudent person dared to act on the assumption that, when the continent was settled, one
government could include the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed inevitable,
into a collection of separate nations, only discord, antagonism, and wars could be expected.

参考译文：
、
没有一个谨慎的人能按如下的假设行事：
当陆地确定以后，
一个 政府并不能包
括全部；
当这种巨大的开销终于分裂为几个民族时，
这看起来是不可避免 的，
人们就只能等
待着争论，敌对和战争了。





23.
If they were right in thinking that the next necessity in human progress was to lift the average
person
upon
an
intellectual
and
social
level
with
the
most
favored,
they
stood
at
least
three
generations nearer than Europe to that goal.
参考译文：
如果他们认为人类进步的下一步必需是把普通人的智力水平和社会地位向着最受