斜导柱2018英语专四真题及参考答案.doc

2021年1月22日发(作者：stripping)
2018
英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案

PART

III

LANGUAGE USAGE





There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked
A, B, C and D.

Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour
answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.


11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt
’
s first attempt to build a smooth- sided
pyramid.
A. has been believed to have been
B. was believed to be
C. is believed to have been
D. is believed to be

12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for
students looking to apply to university campus.
A. maintains
B. is maintaining

C. maintained

D. has been maintaining

13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.
A. actually
B. accidentally
C. otherwise
D. seldom

14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________
mountains behind the apple orchard.
A. blue hazy Virginia
B. hazy blue Virginia
C. Virginia hazy blue
D. Virginia blue hazy

15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.
A. the evil
B. evil
C. evils
D. an evil

16.
Indeed,
it
is
arguable
that
body
shattering
is
the
very
point
of
football,
as
killing
and
maiming
______________.
A. war
B. are war
C. of war
D. are of war

17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is
altered when exposed to light.
A. its most basic
B. its basic
C. the most basic
D. the basic

18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed.
The infinitive verb phrase
“
only to learn
”
is used __________.
A. to express an intended purpose
B. to indicate a high degree of possibility
C. to reveal an undesirable consequence
D. to dramatize a stated fact

19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?
A. I wonder what
’
s
behind
this change of plan.

B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing
behind
him.
C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I
’
m getting terribly
behind
.
D. I suppose I
’
m lucky because my parents were
behind
me all the way.

20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she
would have been
immensely proud of
what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.
A. a hypothesis
B. a suggestion
C. a contradiction
D. a surprise

21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________,
their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.
A. justice
B. testimony
C. trial
D. verdict

22._________,
the
most
controversial
candidate
in
the
election
campaign,
he
has
been
strongly
criticized for his crude comments about women.
A. Questionably
B. Arguably
C. Contentiously
D. Debatably

23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.
A. cut
B. buoy
C. offer
D. offset

24. The celebrity says in court papers she
“
has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone
to proceed with a divorce.
”

A. recommendation
B. recording
C. recollection
D. recognition


actually
__________
a
good
angle
—

or
a
good
selfie
overall
—

is
rooted
in
what
we
consider beautiful.
A. consists
B. constitutes
C. composes
D. constructs

26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its
unique development program.
A. final
B. further
C. supplementary
D. extra

27.
The
teachers
’

union
_________
a
lawsuit
against
the
district
calling
for
repairing
“
deplorable
”

school conditions.
A. fired
B. filed
C. fined
D. filled

28.
Last
March
the
__________
of
a
19
th

century
cargo
ship
was
found
by
an
underwater
archaeological team.
A. debris
B. ruins
C. remains
D. wreck

29. She
’
s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.
A. countless
B. countable
C. numerical
D. numeral

30.
A
leading
___________
intelligence
and
operations
company
has
released
its
analysis
of
worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.
A. oceangoing
B. oceanic
C. marine
D. maritime


PART

IV

CLOZE





Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted
in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL
Y. Mark the letter for each word on
ANSWER SHEET.
A. accompanies



B. automatically


C. couple






D. goes




E. indebtedness
F. kind










G. manner







H. mercifully



I. one





J. obey
K. renowned





L. subscribe






M. unknown



N. virtue



O. widespread


A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas
cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response
he received was amazing
—
holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the
people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a
card never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday
greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of
one
of
the
most
powerful
of
the
weapons
of
influence
around
us
—
the
rule
for
reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has
provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends
us
a
birthday
present,
we
should
remember
his
birthday
with
a
gift
of
our
own;
if
a
couple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of
the
reciprocity
rule,
then,
we
are
obligated
to
the
future
repayment
of
favors,
gifts,
invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of such
things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only
in the English language but in others as well.

The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that
goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive
study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that
does not subscribe to the rule.



PART V

READING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS





In
this
section
there
are
three
passages
followed
by
ten
multiple
choice
questions.
For
each
multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.

Choose the one
that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

PASSAGE ONE




（
1
）
The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were
free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on
their
lives
by
kings
and
governments,
priests
and
churches,
noblemen
and
aristocrats.
The
historic
decisions
made
by
those
first
settlers
have
had
a
profound
effect
on
the
shaping
of
the
American
character.
By
limiting
the
power
of
the
government
and
the
churches
and
eliminating
a
formal
aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual
freedom
is
probably
the
most
basic
of
all
the
American
values.
By
freedom,
Americans
mean
the
desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from
the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.

(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that
Americans
believe
they
should
stand
on
their
own
feet,
achieving
both
financial
and
emotional
independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.





(3)
A
second
important
reason
why
immigrants
have
traditionally
been
drawn
to
the
United
States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because
titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.





(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much
of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with
others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until
retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit
into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.
(5)
A
third
reason
why
immigrants
have
traditionally
come
to
the
United
States
is
to
have
a
better
life.
Because
of
its
abundant
natural
resources,
the
United
States
appeared
to
be
a
“
land
of
plenty
where
millions
could
come
to
seek
their
fortunes.
The
phrase
“
going
from
rags
to
riches
”

became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth
became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.
(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been
both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history.
In some ways, material
possessions are seen as evidence of people
’
s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency
in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find
this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.
(7)
These
basic
values
do
not
tell
the
whole
story
of
the
American
character.
Rather,
they
should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and
how it affects life in the United States.

41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.
A. Americans are born with a sense of competition
B. the pressure of competition begins when one starts work
C. successful competition is essential in American society
D. competition results in equality of opportunities
42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?
A. Comparison
D. Cause and effect
C. Definition
D. Process analysis

PASSAGE TWO
(1)
The
Nobels
are
the
originals,
of
course.
Alfred
Nobel,

the

man
who
invented
deadly
explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to
people who made progress in literature, science, economics and
—
perhaps most importantly
—
peace.
(2)
Not
all
rewards
are
as
noble
as
the
Nobels. Even
though
most
countries
have
a
system
of
recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there
are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.
(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to
tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and
make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.
(4)
But it’s not only films
---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for
music. In

Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their

difficult, literary novel
hit
the
bestseller
lists
and
compete
with
the
Da
Vinci
Code
for
popularity.
The
Turner
Prize
is
an
award for British contemporary artists
—
each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of
money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or
—
this year
—
building a garden shed.
(5)
Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of

the

Year, for
European
Footballer
of
the
Year
and
World
Footballer
of
the
Year.
This
seems
very
strange
—
sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people

who
don’t
make

a
lot

of
money
carry
on
their
work
without
worrying
about
finances,
but

professional

soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!

(6) Many small towns and

communities

all over the world also have their own award ceremonies,
for local writers or artists, or just for people who

have

graduated from high school or, got a university
degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for

“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.

(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize,
nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.
(8)
It

would
be
possible
to
say,
however,
that
in
the
past,
scientists
and
artists
could
win

“
patronage”

form rich people
—
a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have
them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social
systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by
the state or by private companies.

(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.
(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more

people

will
go
and
see
it,
or
buy
the
DVD.
When
a
writer
wins
the
Nobel
Prize,
many
more
people
buy
their
books.
When
a
group
wins
the
MTV
awards,
the
ceremony
is
seen
by
hundreds
of
thousands
of
people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.
(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means
that
it
is
not
only
the
person
who
wins
the
award
who
benefits---but
also
the
sponsors.
The
MTV
awards, for example, are great for

publicizing

not only music, but also MTV itself!

(12) On the surface, it seems to be a

“Win
-
win”

situation, with everyone being happy, but let me
ask
you
a
question
—
how
far
do
you
think
that

publicity

and
marketing
are
winning
here, and how
much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?


43. What is the author
’
s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes and
Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)
A. Amused.
B. Appreciative.
C. Sarcastic.
D. Serious.
44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?



A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.



B. They would turn to popular novel writing.



C. They would continue non-fiction writing.



D. They would try controversial forms of art.
45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?



A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.



B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.



C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.



D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.
46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at present
lies in_____________.



A. nature of work



B. personal contact



C. source of funding



D. social status
47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.



A. promote market rather than achievements



B. do good to both market and popularity



C. help those who are really talented




D. are effective in making people popular

PASSAGE THREE