pursuer21世纪杯英语演讲比赛即兴演讲遵循的原则

2021年1月22日发(作者：五金工具英语)
21
世纪杯英语演讲比赛即兴演讲遵循的原则

Host: Last February, Chun Shu, a Chinese writer in her early twenties,
appeared on the cover of Time magazine. She was referred to by the U.S. Editor as

GuoJingming, Zhang Yueran and Han Ham All these writers recount their personal
feelings and express their individuality in their works, and they have a large group
of readers and supporters. However, there is some concern that the cynical attitude
towards life that they express might have a negative effect on young readers. Do
you also fear it will have such negative effects? Thanks.

Thank you for your afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.

My topic of today's speech is
argue in two park. First, I would like to argue why people are afraid that literatures
will set a negative effect on our lives. And second part I will share some of my
thoughts with you.

开宗明义
。
演讲人首先明确的告知听众演讲的主题
，
使用
brief introduction sentence to
get attention
。在临场的匆忙之中仍然想出来一个很好的题目
Make Our Voice Heard
，并且
将自己的论述分为两部分，有条不紊，令人感叹。

Why those people are afraid of these kind of literature? I'm afraid that they are
afraid of that teenagers are liked to imitate others. And teenager is just a crucial
point for us to shape our personality, our view of life, and our value of the world.
They're afraid of that we follow the bad example and lead a bad life in the future.
And that's why my parents, my family, and even the government would like to
propose where thought those kind of literature as cynical ones.

本段讨论人们对此类文学作品表示忧虑的原因：担心青少年模仿。思路很清晰。也 正是在
正文中
cover the main points
。但大概由于临场的因素，出现了一些浯法方面的错误，如：
I'm afraid of that…
，
they are afraid of that…
，虽然不影响理解，仍然是个遗憾。

演讲人将《麦田守望者》与郭敬明的 作品相比较，为下文打下铺垫。用文学名著作为论证
的材料，很有说服力。


But I would like to share some of my thoughts with you. Before I read the
book of Mr. GuoJingming's novel, I read another fiction called the Catcher the Rye.
In that book, I also read sex, violence, murder, and rebellion. But that book was
regarded as one of the masterpiece in American history and awarded the Pulitzer
Prize. I could not see any difference between Mr. GuoJingming's novel and The
Cateber in the Rye, because they expressed the attitude as our teenagers and
adolescents we feel about the world.


Now let me give you my three reasons, why we can read this kind of a book
and f am not afraid of tile fears of the side effect. First, those literatures are not all
bad. They have some positive points. They advocate friendship, love, loyalty, and so
on. One of my roommates even cried after reading those books, He said that it is the
first.., it was the first time in his life that he felt that a friendship was that precious,
because the stories depicted in his novel, reflect him of the old times he spent in his
high school. And he bought four books of Mr. GuoJingming's Never Flowers in Never
Dream (Meng Li HuaLuoZhi Duo Shao) and sent them to his friends. And his friends
wrote a long letter to him. I think this is what we lack today, the communication
between friends. But the literature seems to bridge the gap.

本段从三个方面指出此类作品不会产生负面影响的原因。首 先指出第一个作品本身亦有其
可取之处。并以其宦友的亲身经历为例作出了令人信服的论证。这样就使演 讲
personalized
，
so that audience can relate more easily to personal topics
—
they probably have
similar experiences
．


And the second reason is that we are not living in a world where everything
is depicted as good. We are living in a world of good and evil, evil and holy. So, to
that extent, if I am confined in a world where everything is depicted as good, I will
feel quite perplexed when I am facing the real world. Does the real world really
resemble what I read in the novel? We need something positive, also we need
something cynical.


And the third reason is that our generation, I believe, have the sense of
self-discipline. We can make our own decision. For our parents, for our families and
for the government, they should resume, assume the responsibility to remind us
that what is good, what is bad, what is cynical Make our voice be heard. This is my
answer and I am not afraid of tile side effects of those literature.


Thank you very much.


本段谈论演讲人的第二个观点：世界亦非完美无暇，文学就应该反应真实的世界。


最后一点原因：当代年轻人可以自律。至此就分别从文学作品、社会、个人三个方面透
彻地阐释 了演讲人的观点。也正是通过从不同角度的分析，使听众接受演讲人的观点。这一段中
也出现了较为明显 的问题。


Host: And, the topic for your speech will be... In spite of the fact that there is
cutthroat competition within the film industry in China, there continues to be a steep
increase in the number of applicants for places at Chinese art institutes. According
to a Beiiing-based newspaper, more than ten thousand applicants waited in line on
a single day to register to apply for the Beijing Film Academy. How do you perceive
this struggle for stardom?

Thank you for the difficult question.


Well, to be honest with you, I'm not really familiar with the struggle for
stardom thing in China. But in the city where I come from, there is this also as
cutthroat as the one in Beijing here competition going on, and perhaps I can share
with you the experience we have there.


Let me tell you something. In the city where I come from, there is this
famous singing competition going on every week. And what they do is that pick the
best one, and the best one goes to the next week and it goes on and on until one day
that person is eliminated.


开场白中
di fficult
的使用充分显示了演讲人的机智
。
因为这与普通的接题方式
T hank
you for the question
不同。演讲者是香港人，虽然她对主持 人所问的内地的情况不甚了解，
是一大劣势，但她却巧妙的地使用
but
转而谈到香港 的情况；
also
的使用使演讲的主题不变。
同时听众理解到演讲者要从另外一个角度 解释同一个问题
。
这种角度的变换使演讲者的劣势变成
了优势
。
听众 既为其率真而打动
，
又为其智慧而折服
。
And there's this little five year old boy,
and he has won five consecutive championships, and then, of course, there were
interviews and the news coverage, and everything. And when the general public
read the newspaper. They frown at it. They said,
becoming a star.
singer and actor -- when he read the newspaper, he said,
ask the boy to work hard. It's not easy.


这里演讲人以演唱比赛为切人点，
以小男孩的参舞
，
点出了香港人对当明星十分热衷。
以此呼应主持人提问。并且演讲人
Support points with
sp ecifics
．以典型的例子支持论点。
明星刘德华在内地有很高的知名度，他的勤奋也是众 所周知，以他的话为例，让人十分信服。本
段对
general public
和
Andy Lau
不同态度的对比
，
可以引起听众的 思考
。
对比之中必有抑扬，
也让听众对下段演讲人过渡到自己的观点有了思

想上的准备

Ladies and gentlemen, I think if we use the word
negative? I think better word for it is
profession. It is
also a job that you need to work hard at. Success does not come easy. Well, if we
take a look at famous actors and actresses such as lackie Chart, Chow Yun Fat, Andy
Lau, Tony Lun, they are all in their mid-forties, and even fifties. Yet, what do they
have in common? When they first became..., when they first started their careers as
a star, or as an actor, they were described as
would see their films. But did they give up? No, they didn't, they didn't give up. They
have been working hard all the way. And now they are famous. All over the
over Asia. And are they proud of themselves? Well, I suppose so. But still they work
very hard. Look at Andy Lau. He's still striving for the best all the time. Every year
are awards.


本 段中演讲人明确地提出了自己的观点。并且在临场仍然明确地区分
struggle
和
strive
，
显示出演讲人深厚的语言功底
。
演讲人接着由例子过渡到谈话 主题
：
当明星是一种职业，
巧妙地把
struggle
的主题过渡到
strive
，进而谈到
Being a star is also a prof ession
．把不
熟悉的主题
struggle
过渡到谈明星的成功这个比 较熟悉的话题。这种演讲技巧十分重要，因为
在短暂的几十秒钟内谈论一个十分陌生的话题，实在有难度 ，但是这位演讲者的巧妙过渡，既没
有跑题，又谈了熟悉的话题，因此这种技巧值得学习。同时，本段列 举众多内地观众十分熟悉地
明星成名经历作为
brief examples
，做论据，支持自己的观点，使论据可靠而有力。这两句话
Al lover the world
．
All over Asia
．若能调换顺序，就更加顺畅。



Ladies and gentlemen, I think there's nothing wrong if you want to be a star.
It's a profession. It's a job that everybody can work for it if you
really want it. But
there are qualities that you
need to possess if you want to be a star. Of
Course
you have to be hard-working, like Andy Lau, like Chow Yun Fat. They're all
very hard-working.


And there is also something very, important. It is you have to have a
genuine interest in this film industry. This genuine interest is very important.
Because a lot of people are interested in the money, instead of the job. They just
look at the statistics, like just now I was waiting in my room and I was reading this
news article, there's a chart telling the people how many...well, how much those
stars in China are making, l/Veil, if you are only attracted by those statistics, by the
figures, the money, well, then, I do not think you can be a star. There are people
who have a genuine interest in becoming a singer, like there are people who have
been taking acting classes, who have been acting in secondary schools, in college
like that. They have a genuine interest. Yet, then go for it.


本段讨论了成为明星的第三个素质：感兴趣
[genuine Interest]
，并且列举了生活中
的一些实例
[people only interested in money rather than film industry)
来论证自己的观
点。这样在立论的同时也驳斥了为金钱而当明星的错误观点。有立有废，论证严谨


Ladies and gentlemen, well, I think the competition is also good. When
there's a competition, we can ensure the quality. When there's no competition, well,
we have to have whatever is given to us. When there's competition, we can pick
what we want. Isn't that something good?


Ladies and gentlemen, it is what I think for that struggle for stardom.

Thank you very much.


结论部分是
one
—
sentence review of the points she presented in her talk
．
由< br>“
为当明星而打拼
”
引申到一般意义上的竞争
，
既紧扣主题< br>，
又加以升华
。
以一个反问句
Isn't it
something good?
结尾，进一步强化了演讲人的观点。这样的结尾达到了
short and to the
point
的效果。通过
Ladies and gentlemen
提示听众演讲接近尾声，重提主持人的问题，以
告知听众她一直围绕这个主题展开演讲，给听众一个完 整的结尾。

本篇是获得第
10
届
“21
世纪
·< br>外教社杯
”
全国英语演讲比赛季军的香港选手张阿旭的即兴
演讲。演讲充分显示 了演讲人的机敏、临场应变能力和扎实的语言功底。通篇逻辑十分的清晰，
而且演讲人娓娓道来，丝毫没 有演讲的做作，却又极富感染力。在即兴演讲这一部分，本篇演讲
人明显高人一筹
。
据 演讲者本人介绍
，
这与她所在的学校要求学生做很多即兴的
presentation n


即兴演讲（
impromptu speech
），顾名思 义，就是指临场的、毫无准备的演讲。在前面所
提到的两大比赛中，即兴演讲所占时间为
1~3
分钟，分值所占比重为
30%~40%
，在比赛中的
地位十分重要。如果参赛 选手想要取得优秀的成绩，那么就一定要在该部分取得高分。

即兴演讲对于使用母语演讲的人 来说都非常困难，更何况是使用非母语演讲的选手？这部
分非常具有挑战性，主要考察选手多方面能力： 思维能力、逻辑能力和语言能力。思维能力是指
选手在毫无准备的情况下对某一问题的分析能力，对问题 理解的深度和宽度等；
逻辑能力主要指
选手是否有全局观，是否能合理搭筑整个演讲的框架，所 阐述观点的层次性是否清晰；而语言能
力则是指选手即席用英语进行交流沟通的能力，可检验选手的英语 语言熟练度和准确度如何。
那
么如何应对即兴演讲呢？

在定题演讲部分，我 们讨论了衡量一篇演讲好坏的普遍原则。这些原则对所有类型的演讲
都适用，即兴演讲也不例外。在做即 兴演讲时，也要从以下四个方面着手：内容、结构、语言以
及台上演讲风格等。


内容

在讨论即兴演讲的内容之前，先了解几个在近几年大赛即兴演讲中出现的题目。


Is marking western holidays a sign of a modern China or of traditions sacrificed to
commercial interests


Do you think university education should be more open- minded?


Are we becoming too susceptible to advertising?


Which qualities do you look for in a boyfriend?


If you were one representative of Peoples Congress, what advice would you give the
government?


题目还有很多，这里就不一一列举了。通 过这几个题目，大致可以看出即兴演讲的题目
涉及方方面面，从经济、政治、教育、文化、人生到国际问 题，包罗万象。这也是即兴演讲具有
极强挑战性的原因之一。题目的范围之大之广对参赛选手提出了很高 的要求。
要求演讲者平时养
成读书看报的习惯，关注周围发生的焦点问题和国际时事，积累各个 领域的素材，以便谈论起某
一个话题时言之有物，有的放矢；要求演讲者平时养成思考的习惯，多听不同 的声音，从不同角
度看问题，看问题有想法、有深度。这些都是赛前的准备工作
，
应多 积累
、丰富自己的知识内容，
强化自己的观点。

那么在比赛当中，又该怎样具体应对呢？


正如前面所讲的，好的内 容包括好的主题以及有说服力的材料做支持。在即兴演讲中，
更要注意这两点。


1
．强有力的材料做支持


正如前面讨论过的那样，论据的 类型最基本可分为三种：实例、统计数字以及引用别人
的言语。对于即兴演讲来说，现场能够找到恰当的 统计数字是非常困难的。因此在即兴演讲时，