内宾物权法(中英文对照)

2021年1月22日发(作者：yuke)
中华人民共和国
物权法

Real Rights Law of the People's
Republic of China
中文版

Promulgation Date
：
03-16-2007
Effective Region
：
NATIONAL
Promulgator
：
National People's
Congress
Document
No
：
Order
of
the
President
[2007] No. 62
Effectiveness
：
Effective
Effective Date
：
10-01-2007
Category
：
General
（
Civil
Law->Right
In Rem->General
）

English Version
发文日期：
2007-03-16
有效范围：全国

发文机关：全国人民代表大会

文号：主席令
[2007]
第
62
号

时效性：现行有效

生效日期：
2007-10-01
所属分类：
综合
（民法
->
物权
->
综合）


中华人民共和国
物权法


Real Rights Law of the People's
Republic of China
Order of the President [2007] No. 62
March 16, 2007
(Adopted at the 5th session of the
Tenth National People's Congress,
promulgated by the Order of the
President
No.
62
on
March
16,
2007
and
effective as of October 1, 2007)
Contents
Part I General Provisions
Chapter I Basic Principles
Chapter II Creation, Alteration,
Transfer and Termination of Real
Rights
Section 1 Registration of Immovables
Section 2 Delivery of Movables
Section 3 Other Provisions
Chapter
III
Protection
of
Real
Rights
Part II Ownership
主席令
[2007]
第
62
号

2007
年
3
月
16
日

（
20 07
年
3
月
16
日第十届全国人民代表
大会第五次会议通过

2007
年
3
月
16
日
中华人民共和国 主席令第六十二号公布

自
2007
年
10
月
1
日起施行）




第一编



第一章



第二章

转让和消灭



第一节



第二节



第三节



第三章



第二编



第四章



第五章

总则

基本原则

物权
的设立、变更、
不动产登记

动产交付

其他规定

物权
的保护

所有权

一般规定

国家所有权和集体所
有权、私人所有权



第六章

业主的建筑物区分所
有权



第七章

相邻关系



第八章

共有



第九章

所有权取得的特别规
定



第三编

用益
物权



第十章

一般规定



第十一章

土地承包经营权



第十二章

建设用地使用权



第十三章

宅基地使用权



第十四章

地役权



第四编

担保
物权



第十五章

一般规定



第十六章

抵押权



第一节

一般抵押权



第二节

最高额抵押权



第十七章

质权



第一节

动产质权



第二节

权利质权



第十八章

留置权



第五编

占有



第十九章

占有

Chapter IV General Provisions on
Ownership
Chapter V State, Collective and
Private Ownerships
Chapter VI Partitioned Ownership of
Building Areas
Chapter
VII
Neighboring
Relationships
Chapter VIII Co-ownership
Chapter IX Special Provisions on
Appropriation of Ownership
Part III Usufruct Rights
Chapter X General Provisions on
Usufruct Rights
Chapter
XI
Land
Contractual
Operating
Rights
Chapter XII Construction Land Use
Rights
Chapter XIII Residential Land Use
Rights
Chapter XIV Easements
Part IV Collateral rights
Chapter XV General Provisions on
Collateral rights
Chapter XVI Mortgage Rights
Section 1 General Mortgage Rights
Section 2 Maximum Amount of Mortgage
Rights
Chapter XVII Pledge Rights
Section 1 Movable Pledge
Section 2 Pledge of Rights
Chapter XVIII Lien
Part V Possession
Chapter XIX Possession
Supplementary Provisions
Part I General Provisions
Chapter I Basic Principles
Article 1 This Law is formulated in
accordance with the Constitution, in
order to maintain the basic economic
system of the
State,
to
safeguard the


第一编

总则



第一章

基本原则



第一条

为了维护国家基本经济制度，维护社会主义市场经济秩
序，
明确物的归属，
发挥物的效用，
保 护权利人的
物权
，根据宪
法
，制
定本
法
。



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socialist market economic order, to
clearly define the attribution of
specific properties, to promote the
utilities
of
properties
and
to
protect
the real rights of rights holders.
Article 2 The civil relationships
arising from the attribution and
utilization of properties shall be
governed by this Law.
Properties referred to in this law
include immovables and movables.
Where it is prescribed in any
provision that a
certain right
be the
object
of
real
rights,
such
provision
shall apply.
For the purposes of this Law,
rights
exclusive
right
of
direct
control
over
a specific immovable or movable in
accordance with the law, and include
ownership, usufruct and collateral
rights.
Article 3 In the primary phase of
socialism, the State adheres to the
basic economic system with public
ownership
as
a
principal
element,
and
diverse
forms
of
ownership
developing
jointly.
The State shall consolidate and
develop
the
public
economy,
and
shall
encourage, support and guide the
development of the non- public
economy.
The State shall adopt a socialist
market economic system, and shall
protect
the
equal
legal
status
and
the
development rights of all market
subjects.
Article
4
The
real
rights
of
the
State,
collectives,
individuals
or
any
other


第二条

因物的归属和利用而
产生的民事关系，适用本
法
。



本
法
所称物，包括不动产和动
产。
法
律规定权利 作为
物权
客体的，
依照其规定。



本
法
所称
物权
，是指权利人依
法
对特定的物享有直接支配和排他
的权利，包括所有权、用益
物权
和
担保
物权
。



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第三条

国家在社会主义初级
阶 段，坚持公有制为主体、多种所
有制经济共同发展的基本经济制
度。



国家巩固和发展公有制经济，
鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济的
发展。



国家实行社会主义市场经济，
保障一切市场主体的平等
法
律地位
和发展权利。



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第四条

国家、集体、私人的
物权
和其他权利 人的
物权
受
法
律保
护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。



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第五条

物权
的种类和内容，
由
法
律规定。

rights holder shall be protected by
law, and no entity or individual may
infringe upon these rights.
Article 5 The categories of real
rights and their contents shall be
prescribed by law.
Article 6 The creation, alteration,
transfer or termination of a real
right
of
an
immovable
shall
be
subject
to
registration
in
accordance
with
the
law.
The
creation
or
transfer
of
a
real
right of a
movable shall
be delivered
in accordance with the law.
Article
7
The
acquisition
and
exercise
of real rights shall comply with the
law
and
be
in
respect
of
social
ethics,
and may not infringe upon the public
interests and the lawful rights and
interests of any other person.
Article 8 Where another law contains
special
provision
in
respect
of
a
real
right, such provision shall prevail.
Chapter II Creation, Alteration,
Transfer
and
Termination
of
Real
Right
Section 1 Registration of Immovables
Article 9 Upon registration in
accordance
with
the
law,
the
creation,
alteration, transfer or termination
of the real rights of an immovable
shall come into effect; and it shall
have
no
effect
if
it
is
not
registered
in accordance with law, unless
otherwise prescribed by any law.
As for
natural
resources owned
by the
State in accordance
with the
law, the


第六条

不动产
物权的设立、
变更、转让和消灭，应当依照
法
律
规定登记。
动产物权
的设立和转让，
应当依照
法
律规定交付。



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第七条

物权
的取得和行使，< br>应当遵守
法
律，尊重社会公德，不
得损害公共利益和他人合
法
权益。



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第八条

其他相关
法
律对
物权
另有特别规定的，依照其规定。



第二章

物权
的设立、变更、
转让和消灭



第一节

不动产登记



第九条
不动产
物权
的设立、
变更、转让和消灭，经依
法
登记，
发生效力；
未经登记，
不发生效力，
但
法
律另有规定的除外。



依
法
属于国家所有的自然资
源，所有权可以不登记。



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registration of ownership is not
required.


第十条

不动产登记，由不动
产所在地的登记机构办理。



国家对不动产实行统一登记制
度。统一登记的范围、登记机构和
登记办法
，
由
法
律、
行政
法
规规定。



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Article 10 The registration of an
immovable shall be handled by the
registrar at the locality of the
immovable. The State shall adopt a
uniform registration system for
immovables. The relevant laws and
administrative regulations shall
prescribe the scope, particulars of
the
registrar
and
measures
of
uniform
registration .
Article 11 In light of the different
registration items, an applicant
shall, when applying for the
registration
of
an
immovable,
provide
such necessary materials as the
ownership certificate of the
immovable
and
the
location
and
area
of
the immovable.
Article
12
The
registrar
shall
perform
the following duties:
1. Verifying the ownership
certificate and other required
materials as provided by the
applicant;
2. Querying the applicant on the
registration items concerned;
3. Registering the relevant items in
accordance with the facts and in a
timely manner; and
4.
Other
duties
as
provided
for
in
any
law or administrative regulation.
The registrar may request the
applicant provide supplementary
materials where further proof in
relation to the situation of the
immovable under application for
registration is needed, and may
conduct on-site inspection when


第十一条

当事人申请登记，
应当根据不同登记事项提供权属证< br>明和不动产界址、
面积等必要材料。



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第十二条

登记机构应当履行
下列职责：



（一）查验申请人提供的权属
证明和其他必要材料；



（二）就有关登记事项询问申
请人；



（三）如实、及时登记有关事
项；



（四）
法
律、行政
法
规规定的
其他职责。



申请登记的不动产的有关情况
需要进一步证明的，登记机构可


以要求申请人补充材料，必要时可
以实地查看。



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necessary.


第十三条

登记机构不得有下
列行为：



（一）
要求对不动产进行评估；



（二）以年检等名义进行重复
登记；



（三）超出登记职责范围的其
他行为。

Article 13 The registrar may not
commit any of the following actions:
1. Asking for an appraisal of an
immovable;
2. Undertaking repetitive
registration in the name of annual
inspection; or
3. Any
other
actions
beyond
the scope
of registration duties.
Article 14 Where the creation,
alteration, transfer or termination
of a real right of an immovable is
required by law to be registered, it
shall take effect on the date it is
recorded in the register of
immovables.
Article
15
Where
a
contract
is
entered
into
by
the
related
parties
concerning
the
creation,
alteration,
transfer
or
termination of the real rights of an
immovable, the contract shall take
effect upon the initiation of the
contract, unless it is otherwise
prescribed by any law; and the
validity of the contract is not
affected, whether the real right has
been registered or not.
Article
16
The
register
of
immovables
shall be the basis for deciding the
ownership
and
contents
of
an
immovable
and shall be under the management of
the registrar.


第十四条

不动产
物权
的设
立、变更、转让和消灭，依照< br>法
律
规定应当登记的，自记载于不动产
登记簿时发生效力。



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第十五条

当事人之间订立有
关 设立、变更、转让和消灭不动产
物权
的合同，除
法
律另有规定或者
合 同另有约定外，自合同成立时生
效；未办理
物权
登记的，不影响合
同效力。< br>


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第十六条

不动产登记簿是
物
权
归属和内容的根据。



不动产登记簿由登记机构管
理。



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第十七条

不动产权属证书是
权利人享有该不动产
物权
的证 明。
不动产权属证书记载的事项，应当
与不动产登记簿一致；记载不一致
Articl e 17 The certificate of
ownership
of
an
immovable
shall
be
the
evidence for the rights holder's
ownership of an immovable. The items
的，除有证据证明不动产登记簿确
有错误外，以不动产登记簿为准。



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recorded in the certificate of
ownership
of
an
immovable
shall
accord
with
those
recorded
in
the
register
of
immovables. In the case of any
inconsistencies, unless it is proven
that the register of immovables is
incorrect, items recorded in the
register
of
immovables
shall
prevail.
Article 18 A rights holder or
interested
party
may
apply
to
consult
and copy the registration materials,
and the registrar shall make these
materials available.
Article 19 Where a rights holder or
interested party believes that any
item recorded in the register of
immovables
is
incorrect,
he
may
apply
for
a
correction
of
the
registration.
The registrar shall revise the
registration accordingly if the
rights
holder
recorded
in
the
register
of immovables agrees in writing to
revise the registration, or if there
is evidence to prove that the
registration is incorrect.
Where the rights holder recorded in
the register of immovables does not
agree to the alteration, the
interested party may apply for
objection registration. Where the
registrar grants the objection
registration but the applicant fails
to
lodge
an
action
within
15
days,
the
objection registration shall lapse.
Where the objection registration is
improper and causes damage to the
rights holder, the rights holder may
request the applicant compensate for
damages.
Article 20 Where the related parties


第十八条

权利人、利害关系
人可以申请查询、复制登记资料，
登记机构应当提供。



第十九条

权利人、利害关系
人认为不动产登记簿记载 的事项错
误的，可以申请更正登记。不动产
登记簿记载的权利人书面同意更正
或者有证 据证明登记确有错误的，
登记机构应当予以更正。



不动产登记 簿记载的权利人不
同意更正的，利害关系人可以申请
异议登记。登记机构予以异议登记
的，申请人在异议登记之日起十五
日内不起诉，异议登记失效。异议
登记不当，造成权利人损害 的，权
利人可以向申请人请求损害赔偿。



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第二十条

当事人签订买卖房
屋或者其他不动产
物权
的协议 ，为
保障将来实现
物权
，按照约定可以
向登记机构申请预告登记。预告登记后，
未经预告登记的权利人同意，
处分该不动产的，
不发生
物权
效力。



预告登记后，债权消灭或者自
能够进行不动产登记之 日起三个月
内未申请登记的，预告登记失效。



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enter into a purchase agreement on a
premise
or
the
real
rights
of
any
other
immovable, they may apply to the
registrar for pre-registration so as
to ensure realization of real rights
in the future. Any disposal of the
immovable, after the
pre-registration, is not valid
without the consent of the holder in
the pre-registration.
If
after
the
pre-registration
is
made,
the obligee's right is terminated or
the application for the registration
of the immovable is not filed within
3 months of the date it can be
registered, the pre- registration
shall lapse.
Article 21 Where any related party
provides false materials in applying
for
registration
and
causes
damages
to
any other person, he shall be liable
for compensation of damages.
Where a registrar causes damages to
any
other
person
by
virtue
of
a
mistake
in registration, the registrar shall
be
liable
for
compensation
of
damages.
After making the compensation, the
registrar may seek to recover the
amount
from
the
person
responsible
for
the registration mistake.
Article 22 Immovable registration
fees
shall
be
charged
per
unit,
and
may
not be charged on the basis of the
size, volume or price of the
immovable. The relevant departments
of
the
State
Council
in
collaboration
with
the
competent
pricing
department
shall formulate the rate of fees.
Section 2 Delivery of Movables


第二十一条

当事人提供虚假
材料申请登记，
给他人造成损害的，
应当承担赔偿责任。


< br>因登记错误，给他人造成损害
的，登记机构应当承担赔偿责任。
登记机构赔偿后，可以向 造成登记
错误的人追偿。



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第二十二条

不动产登记费按
件收取，不得按照不动产 的面积、
体积或者价款的比例收取。具体收
费标准由国务院有关部门会同价格
主管部门 规定。



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第二节

动产交付



第二十三条

动产
物权
的设立
和转让，自交付时发生效力， 但
法
律另有规定的除外。



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第二十四条

船舶、航空器和
机动车等
物权< br>的设立、变更、转让
和消灭，未经登记，不得对抗善意
第三人。



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Article
23
The
creation
or
transfer
of
the
real
rights
of
a
movable
shall
take
effect upon delivery, unless
otherwise prescribed by any law.
Article 24 The creation, alteration,
transfer or termination of the real
rights of any vessel, aircraft, or
motor
vehicle,
etc.
may
not
challenge
any
bona
fide
third
party
if
it
is
not
registered.
Article
25
Where
the
rights
holder
has
taken legal possession of a movable
prior to the creation or transfer of
a movable's real rights, the real
rights shall take effect upon the
effectiveness of the legal act.
Article 26 Where a third party has
taken legal possession of a movable
prior to the creation or transfer of
a movable's real rights, the person
assuming the obligation of delivery
may assign the right to request the
third party to return the original
object in lieu of delivery.
Article
27
Where
both
parties
agree
to
let the transferor retain possession
of
the
movable
when
the
real
rights
of
a movable are transferred, the real
rights shall take effect upon the
effectiveness of the agreement.
Section 3 Other Provisions
Article 28 For the creation,
alteration, transfer or termination
of real
rights
resulting from
a legal
document
issued
by
the
People's
Court
or arbitration committee or a


第二十五条

动产
物 权
设立和
转让前，权利人已经依
法
占有该动
产的，
物权自
法
律行为生效时发生
效力。



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第二十六条

动产
物权
设立和
转让前，
第三人依< br>法
占有该动产的，
负有交付义务的人可以通过转让请
求第三人返还原物的权利代 替交
付。



第二十七条

动产
物权< br>转让
时，双方又约定由出让人继续占有
该动产的，
物权
自该约定生效时 发
生效力。



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第三节

其他规定



第二十八条

因人民
法
院、仲
裁委员会的
法
律文书或者人民政府
的征收决定等，导致
物权
设立、变
更、转让或者消灭的 ，自
法
律文书
或者人民政府的征收决定等生效时
发生效力。



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requisition decision issued by the
People's Government, etc., the real
rights shall take effect upon the
effectiveness
of
the
legal
document
or
the requisition decision of the
People's Government, etc.
Article 29 Where real rights are
acquired through inheritance or
bequest, the real rights shall take
effect at the commencement of the
inheritance or bequest.
Article 30 Where real rights are
created or terminated as a result of
such factual events as the legal
construction or demolition of
premises, the real rights shall take
effect
upon
the
accomplishment
of
the
factual event.
Article
31
Regarding
real
rights
of
an
immovable appropriated according to
the
provisions
of
Articles
28
through
30 of this Law, any disposal thereof
will not effect
the real
rights until
it is registered as required by law.
Chapter
III
Protection
of
Real
Rights
Article 32 Where real rights are
infringed
upon,
the
rights
holder
may
settle the problem by means of
conciliation, mediation or
arbitration, etc.
Article 33 Where the ownership or
contents of real rights are in
dispute, the interested parties may
require the confirmation of the real
rights.


第二十九条

因继承或者受遗
赠取得
物权
的，自继承或者受 遗赠
开始时发生效力。



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第三十条

因合
法
建造、拆除
房屋等 事实行为设立或者消灭
物权
的，自事实行为成就时发生效力。



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第三十一条

依照本
法
第二十
八条至第三十条规定享有不动 产
物
权
的，处分该
物权
时，依照
法
律规
定 需要办理登记的，未经登记，不
发生
物权
效力。



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第三章

物权
的保护



第三十二条

物权
受到侵害
的，权利人可以通过和解、调解、
仲裁、诉讼等途径解决。



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第三十三条

因
物权
的归属、
内容发 生争议的，利害关系人可以
请求确认权利。



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第三十四条

无权占有不动产
或者动产的，权利人可以请求返还
原物。



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Article 34 Where an immovable or
movable is under unauthorized
possession, the rights holder may
require the return of the original
object.
Article
35
Where
real
rights
are
under
obstruction
or
may
be
obstructed,
the
rights
holder
may
require
the
removal
of the impediment or the elimination
of the danger.
Article 36 Where an immovable or
movable
is
damaged,
the
rights
holder
may
require
the
repair,
remake,
change
or the restoration to the original
state.
Article
37
Where
an
infringement
upon
real rights causes losses to the
rights holder, the rights holder may
require
compensation
for
the
losses
or
the assumption of any other civil
liability.
Article
38
The
methods
for
protecting
real rights as
prescribed in this Law
may apply either independently or
jointly
in
light
of
the
circumstances
of infringement.
In addition to assuming civil
liabilities,
any
entity
or
individual
infringing upon real rights shall
assume
the
administrative
liabilities
where he violates any provision on
administrative regulation; and where
any crime is established, he shall
assume the criminal liabilities.
Part II Ownership
Chapter IV General Provisions on


第三十五条

妨害
物权
或者可
能妨害
物权
的，权利人可以请求排
除妨害或者消除危险。



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第三十六条

造成不动产或者
动产毁损的，
权利人可以请求修理、< br>重作、更换或者恢复原状。



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第三十七条

侵害
物权
，造成
权利人 损害的，权利人可以请求损
害赔偿，也可以请求承担其他民事
责任。



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第三十八条

本章规定的
物权< br>保护方式，可以单独适用，也可以
根据权利被侵害的情形合并适用。



侵害
物权
，
除承担民事责任外，
违反行政管理规定的，依
法
承担行
政责任；构成犯罪的，依
法
追究刑
事责任。



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第二编

所有权



第四章

一般规定

Ownership


第三十九条

所有权人对自己
的不动产或者动产，
依法
享有占有、
使用、收益和处分的权利。



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第四十条

所有权人有权在自
己 的不动产或者动产上设立用益
物
权
和担保
物权
。用益
物权< br>人、担保
物权
人行使权利，不得损害所有权
人的权益。



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Article
39
An
owner
of
an
immovable
or
movable is entitled to possess,
utilize, profit from and dispose of
the
immovable
or
movable
in
accordance
with the law.
Article
40
An
owner
of
an
immovable
or
movable is entitled to establish
usufruct rights or collateral rights
over the immovable or movable. When
exercising the right, the holder of
usufruct rights or collateral rights
may not infringe upon the rights and
interests of the owner.
Article 41 Where an immovable or
movable is exclusively owned by the
State according to
law, any
entity or
individual may not acquire its
ownership .
Article
42
In
order
to
meet
the
demands
of public interests, the requisition
of
lands
owned
collectively,
premises
owned by entities and individuals or
other immovables is permitted
according to the limits of statutory
power and procedures.
The
requisition
of
collectively
owned
landrequires, in accordance with the
law, the full payment of land
compensation fees, relocation
subsidies, compensation for the
above-ground
fixtures
of
the
land
and
seedlings, etc., the arrangement of
social security fees for farmers
affected
by
the
land
requisition,
the
guarantee of their livelihood and
protection
of
their
lawful
rights
and
interests. The requisition of
premises
or
other
immovables
owned
by


第四十一条

法
律规定专属于
国家所有的不动产和动产，任何单位和个人不能取得所有权。



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第四十二条

为了公共利益的
需要，依照
法< br>律规定的权限和程序
可以征收集体所有的土地和单位、
个人的房屋及其他不动产。



征收集体所有的土地，应当依
法
足额支付土地补偿费、安置 补助
费、地上附着物和青苗的补偿费等
费用，安排被征地农民的社会保障
费用，保障被 征地农民的生活，维
护被征地农民的合
法
权益。


征收单位、个人的房屋及其他
不动产，应当依
法
给予拆迁补偿，
维护被征 收人的合
法
权益；征收个
人住宅的，还应当保障被征收人的
居住条件。



任何单位和个人不得贪污、挪
用、私分、截留、拖欠征收补偿费
等费用。



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entities and individuals requires
compensation for demolishment and
relocation
in
accordance
with
the
law
and protection of the lawful rights
and interests of the owners of the
requisitioned immovables. The
requisition of individuals'
residential houses requires the
guarantee
of
the
housing
conditions
of
the owners of the requisitioned
houses.
The Any individual or entity may not
embezzle, misappropriate, privately
share, detain or
delay the
payment of
compensation
fees
for
requisition
and
other fees.


第四十三条

国家对耕地实行
特殊保护，严格限制农用地转为建
设用 地，控制建设用地总量。不得
违反
法
律规定的权限和程序征收集
体所有的土地 。



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Article
43
The
State
provides
special
protection for agricultural lands,
stringently restricts the conversion
of agricultural lands into
construction lands and controls the
aggregate quantity of construction
lands. The requisition of any
collectively
owned
land
must
not
be
in
violation of the limits of statutory
power and procedures.
Article
44
In
emergency
situations
or
for disaster relief, the use of
immovables or movables owned by
entities
and
individuals
according
to
the limits of statutory power and
procedures is allowed. After
emergency use, the immovables or
movables shall be returned to the
owners.
Where
an
immovable
or
movable
owned by any entity or individual is
damaged or lost after being used,
commensurate compensation shall be
made.
Chapter V State, Collective and


第四十四条

因抢险、救灾等
紧急需要，依照
法
律规定的权 限和
程序可以征用单位、个人的不动产
或者动产。被征用的不动产或者动
产使用后，应 当返还被征用人。单
位、个人的不动产或者动产被征用
或者征用后毁损、灭失的，应当给
予补偿。



第五章

国家所有权和集体所
有权、私人所有权



第四十五条

法
律规定属于国
家所有的财产，属于国家所有即全
民所有。



国有财产由国务院代表国家行
使所有权；
法
律另有规定 的，依照
其规定。

Private Ownerships
Article 45 Where properties are
legally owned by
the
State,
the State
holds ownership rights, and the
properties
can
be
considered
as
owned
by all the people.
The State Council shall exercise the
ownership rights of State-owned
properties on behalf of the State.
Where another law contains provision
in respect to ownership rights of
State-owned property, such provision
shall prevail.
Article 46 Mineral deposits, waters
and sea territories are subject to
State ownership.
Article 47 Urban
lands are
subject to
State ownership. Where land in rural
areas and suburban areas are legally
owned by the State, the State holds
ownership rights.
Article 48 Natural resources such as
forests, mountains, grasslands,
wastelands
and
tidal
flats
are
subject
to State ownership, except for those
under collective ownership as
provided for by law.
Article 49 Where wildlife resources
are legally owned by the State, the
State holds ownership rights.
Article 50 Radio frequency spectrum
resources are subject to State
ownership.
Article
51
Where
cultural
relics
that
are legally owned by the State, the


第四十六条

矿藏、水流、海
域属于国家所有。



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第四十七条

城市的土地，属
于 国家所有。
法
律规定属于国家所
有的农村和城市郊区的土地，属于
国家所有。



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第四十八条

森林、山岭、草
原、荒地、滩涂等自然资 源，属于
国家所有，但
法
律规定属于集体所
有的除外。



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第四十九条

法
律规定属于国
家所有的野生动植物资源，属于国
家所有。



第五十条

无线电频谱资源属
于国家所有。



第五十一条

法
律规定属于国
家所有的文物，属于国家所有。

State holds ownership rights.


第五十二条

国防资产属于国
家所有。




铁路、公路、电 力设施、电信
设施和油气管道等基础设施，依照
法
律规定为国家所有的，属于国家所有。

Article
52
National
defense
assets
are
subject to State ownership.
Where infrastructures such as
railways, highways, electric power
facilities, telecommunication
facilities, and petrol and gas
pipelines are legally owned by the
State, the State holds ownership
rights.
Article
53
State
authorities
have
the
power, in accordance
with the
law and
the relevant provisions of the State
Council, to possess, utilize and
dispose of any immovable or movable
directly controlled by them.
Article 54 A public institution held
by the State has the power, in
accordance with the laws and the
relevant provisions of the State
Council, to possess, utilize, seek
profit from and dispose of any
immovable or movable directly
controlled by them.
Article 55 Where
an enterprise
is set
up
with
State
funds
,
the
State
Council
and the local people's governments
shall perform the contributor's
duties
as
well
as
carry
the
rights
and
interests on behalf of the State in
accordance
with
the
relevant
laws
and
administrative regulations.
Article
56
State-owned
properties
are
protected by law, and no entity or
individual may impinge upon,
embezzle, privately distribute,
detain or damage them.


第五十三条

国家机关对其直接支配的不动产和动产，
享有占有、
使用以及依照
法
律和国务院的有关< br>规定处分的权利。



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第五十四条

国家举办的事业
单位对其直接支配的不动 产和动
产，享有占有、使用以及依照
法
律
和国务院的有关规定收益、处分的< br>权利。



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第五十五条

国家出资的企
业，由国务院、地方人民政 府依照
法
律、行政
法
规规定分别代表国家
履行出资人职责，
享有出资人权益。



第五十六条

国家所有的财产受
法
律保护，禁止任何单位和个人
侵占、哄抢、私分、截留、破坏。



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第五十七条

履行国有财产管
理 、
监督职责的机构及其工作人员，
应当依
法
加强对国有财产的管理、
监督，促进国有财产保值增值，防
止国有财产损失；滥用职权，玩忽
职守，造成国有财产损失的 ，应当
依
法
承担
法
律责任。



违反国有财产管理规定，在企
业改制、合并分立、关联交易等过
程中，低价转让、合谋私分、 擅自
担保或者以其他方式造成国有财产
损失的，应当依
法
承担
法律责任。

Article
57
The
institutions
in
charge
of performing the duties of managing
and supervising State-owned assets
shall, in accordance with the law,
strengthen the management and
supervision of State-owned assets in
order to promote economical
maintenance and appreciation and to
prevent losses thereof. Where any
entity or individual causes any loss
of State-owned assets by misusing
authority
or
neglecting
duty,
he
shall
assume legal liabilities in
accordance with the law.
Where, in the process of enterprise
restructuring, merger, division or
affiliated transactions, any entity
or individual found
causing a
loss in
State-owned assets by way of
transferring them at less than their
value, conspiring to distribute them
secretly, providing a guarantee
without
authorization
or
in
any
other
manner considered a violation of the
provisions on the management of
State-owned
assets,
shall
be
liable
in
accordance with the law.
Article 58 Collective ownership of
immovables and movables includes:
1. Land, forests, mountains,
grasslands, wastelands and tidal
flats that are legally under the
ownership of a collective;
2. Buildings, production facilities,
agricultural land, and water
conservancy facilities that are
legally under the ownership of a
collective;
3. Education, science, culture,
sanitation
and
sports
facilities,
etc
that are legally under the ownership
of a collective;


第五十八条

集体所有的不动
产和动产包括：



（一）
法
律规定属于集体所有
的土地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、
滩 涂；



（二）集体所有的建筑物、生
产设施、农田水利设施；



（三）集体所有的教育、科学、
文化、卫生、体育等设施；



（四）集体所有的其他不动产
和动产。



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immovables and movables that
are legally under the ownership of a
collective.


第五十九条

农民集体所有的
不动产和动产，属于本集体成员集
体所有。



下列事项应当依照
法
定程序经
本集体成员决定：



（一）土地承包方案以及将土
地发包给本集体以外的单位或者个
人承包；



（二）个别土地承包经营权人
之间承包地的调整；



（三）土地补偿费等费用的使
用、分配办
法
；



（四）集体出资的企业的所有
权变动等事项；



（五）
法
律规定的其他事项。



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Article
59
The
immovables
and
movables
that
are
under
the
ownership
of
a
rural
collective shall be collectively
owned by all the members of this
collective.
Members of a collective shall
determine the following issues
according to statutory procedures:
1. The land contracting plan and
whether to contract land out to an
entity or individual not included in
the collective;
2. The adjustment of contracted land
among the rights holders of the
contracted management of land;
3. The methods for use and
distribution of such fees as land
compensation fees;
4. The
alteration
of
ownership or any
other related issue of an enterprise
set up with the funds invested by the
collective; and
5. Other issues provided for by law.
Article 60 Where any land, forest,
mountain, grassland, wasteland or
tidal flat is under collective
ownership, the ownership thereof
shall be exercised according to the
following provisions:
1. Where owned by a rural collective
of
a
village,
the
villagers'
committee
or collective economic organization
of the village shall exercise the
ownership
on
behalf
of
the
collective;
2. Where owned by two or more rural
collectives, all the villagers'
committees or collective economic
organizations of the village shall


第六十条

对于集体所有的土
地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩
涂等 ，依照下列规定行使所有权：



（一）
属于村农民集体所有的，
由村集体经济组织或者村民委员会
代表集体行使所有权；


（二）分别属于村内两个以上
农民集体所有的，由村内各该集体
经济组织或者村民小组代表 集体行
使所有权；



（三）属于乡镇农民集体所有
的，由乡镇集体经济组织代表集体
行使所有权。



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exercise the ownership on behalf of
the collective; and
3. Where owned by a rural collective
of a town, the collective economic
organization of the town shall
exercise the ownership on behalf of
the collective.


第六十一条

城镇集体所有的
不动产和动产，依照
法
律、行 政
法
规的规定由本集体享有占有、
使用、
收益和处分的权利。

Article
61
As
regards
any
immovable
or
movable
owned
by
an
urban
collective,
this urban collective has the rights
to possess, use,
seek profit
from and
dispose
of
it
according
to
the
related
laws and administrative regulations.
Article 62 In accordance with the
relevant laws, administrative
regulations,
articles
of
association,
village regulations and villagers'
pledges, the collective economic
organization,
villagers'
committee
or
group shall make known the situation
of the properties owned by a
collective to the members of the
collective.
Article 63 Properties under
collective ownership shall be
protected by law, and any entity or
individual may not impinge upon,
embezzle, privately distribute,
detain or destroy them.
Where the legitimate rights and
interests of any member of the
collective are infringed upon by any
decision
made
by
a
collective
economic
organization,
villagers'
committee
or
the
principle
thereof,
such
member
may
request
the
People's
Court
revoke
the
decision.
Article
64
An
individual
has
ownership
rights to own his legal income,


第六十二条

集体经济组织或
者村民委员会、村民小组应当依照
法< br>律、行政
法
规以及章程、村规民
约向本集体成员公布集体财产的状
况。



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第六十三条

集体所有的财产
受
法
律 保护，禁止任何单位和个人
侵占、哄抢、私分、破坏。



集体经 济组织、村民委员会或
者其负责人作出的决定侵害集体成
员合
法
权益的，受侵 害的集体成员
可以请求人民
法
院予以撤销。



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第六十四条

私人对其合
法
的
收入、 房屋、生活用品、生产工具、
原材料等不动产和动产享有所有
权。



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第六十五条

私人合
法
的储
蓄、投资及其收益受
法
律保护。
< br>国家依照
法
律规定保护私人的继承
权及其他合
法
权益。



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premise, household goods, production
equipment, raw materials as well as
other immovables and movables.
Article 65 An individual's legal
savings, investments and their
proceeds
shall
be
protected
by
law.
An
individual's
right
of
inheritance,
as
well as other legal rights and
interests shall be protected by the
State in accordance with the law.
Article 66 An individual's legal
properties shall be protected by law
and any entity or individual may not
impinge upon, embezzle or destroy
them.
Article 67 The State, any collective
or individual may invest in the
establishment of a limited liability
company, a company limited by shares
or
any
other
form
of
enterprise.
Where
the State, a collective or an
individual invests the immovables or
movables
it
owns
in
an
enterprise,
the
contributor
shall,
in
accordance
with
the agreement or on the basis of his
proportion
of
investment,
hold
rights
such as obtaining asset returns,
making
important
decisions,
selecting
operators and managers and carrying
out their duties.
Article
68
In
accordance
with
the
law,
administrative regulations and its
articles of association, an
enterprise
legal
person
is
entitled
to
possess,
utilize,
seek
profit
from
and
dispose
of
any
immovable
or
movable
it
owns.
The
provisions
of
related
laws,
administrative regulations and its
articles of associations shall apply


第六十六条

私人的合
法< br>财产
受
法
律保护，禁止任何单位和个人
侵占、哄抢、破坏。



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第六十七条

国家、集体和私
人 依
法
可以出资设立有限责任公
司、股份有限公司或者其他企业。
国家、集体和 私人所有的不动产或
者动产，投到企业的，由出资人按
照约定或者出资比例享有资产收
益、重大决策以及选择经营管理者
等权利并履行义务。



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第六十八条

企业
法
人对其不
动产和 动产依照
法
律、行政
法
规以
及章程享有占有、使用、收益和处
分的权利。



企业
法
人以外的
法
人 ，对其不
动产和动产的权利，
适用有关
法
律、
行政
法
规以及章程的规定。



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to
rights
over
immovables
and
movables
owned by a legal person other than an
enterprise legal person.


第六十九条

社会团体依
法
所
有的不动产和动产，受
法
律保护。

Article 69 Immovables and movables
owned
by
social
organizations
shall
be
protected
in
accordance
with
the
law.
Chapter VI Partitioned Ownership of
Building Areas
Article 70 An owner shall hold
ownership rights where there are
private areas within buildings, such
as residential premises or premises
used for business purposes, while
owners
shall
have
common
ownership
and
management
rights
over
common
areas
of
the building..
Article 71 An owner is entitled to
possess,
utilize,
seek
profit
from
and
dispose of the private areas of the
building.
Any
owner
may
not
compromise
the
safety
of
the
building
or
infringe
upon the lawful rights and interests
of
any
other
owner
when
exercising
his
rights.
Article 72 An owner holds the rights
and assumes the obligations over the
common areas of
the building,
and may
not
neglect
his
obligations
under
the
pretext of abandoning rights.
In case an owner transfers his
residential
premises
or
premises
used
for business purposes within the
building, the common ownership and
management right held by him
over the
common parts shall be transferred at
the same time.
Article 73 Roads within the building


第六章

业主的建筑物区分所
有权



第七十条

业主对建筑物内的
住宅、经营性用房等专有部分享有
所有权，对专有部分以外的共有部
分享有共有和共同管理的权利。



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第七十一条

业主对其建筑物
专有部分享有占有、使用 、收益和
处分的权利。业主行使权利不得危
及建筑物的安全，不得损害其他业
主的合< br>法
权益。



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第七十二条

业主对建筑物专
有部分以外的共有部分，
享有权利，
承担义务；不得以放弃权利不履行
义务。



业主转让建筑物内的住宅、经
营性用房，其对共有部分享有的共
有和共同管理的权利一 并转让。



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第七十三条

建筑区划内的道
路，属于业主共有，但属 于城镇公
共道路的除外。
建筑区划内的绿地，
属于业主共有，但属于城镇公共绿
地或者明示属于个人的除外。建筑
区划内的其他公共场所、公用设施
和物业服务用房，属于业 主共有。



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zone, except for municipal public
roads, shall be co-owned by the
owners. Gardens within the building
area, except for municipal public
gardens
or
those,
which
are
privately
owned by individuals, shall be
co-owned by all the owners. Other
public spaces, common facilities and
premises
used
for
building
management
services within the building zone
shall be co-owned by all the owners.
Article
74
Parking
spaces
and
garages
within the building area intended as
vehicle parking spaces shall be used
to meet the needs of the owners above
all else.
The ownership of the parking spaces
and
garages
shall
be
agreed
upon
by
the
related parties in regard to their
sale, shared use or leasing, etc.
Parking spaces occupying roads or
other areas co-owned by all owners
shall
be
under
the
common
ownership
of
all the owners.
Article
75
Owners
may
set
up
an
owners'
assembly and vote for an owners'
committee. For the establishment of
the
owners'
assembly
and
the
election
of
the
owners'
committee,
the
related
departments under the local people's
government
shall
provide
guidance
and
assistance.
Article
76
The
following
matters
shall
be
commonly
determined
by
all
owners:
1.
The
formulation
and
revision
of
the
rules of procedure for the owners'
assembly;
2.
The
formulation
and
revision
of
the
stipulations on building management
and the affiliated facilities


第七十四条

建筑区划内，规
划用于停放汽车的车位、车库应当
首先满足业主的需要。



建筑区划内，规划用于停放汽
车的车位、车库的归属，由当事人
通过出售、附赠或者出租等方式约
定。



占用业主共有的道路或者其他
场地用于停放汽车的车位，属于业
主共有。



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第七十五条

业主可以设立业
主大会，选举业主委员会。



地方人民 政府有关部门应当对
设立业主大会和选举业主委员会给
予指导和协助。



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第七十六条

下列事项由业主
共同决定：



（一）制定和修改业主大会议
事规则；



（二）制定和修改建筑物及其
附属设施的管理规约；



（三）选举业主委员会或者更
换业主委员会成员；



（四）选聘和解聘物业服务企
业或者其他管理人；



（五）筹集和使用建筑物及其
附属设施的维修资金；



（六）改建、重建建筑物及其
附属设施；



（七）有关共有和共同管理权
利的其他重大事项。



决 定前款第五项和第六项规定
的事项，应当经专有部分占建筑物
总面积三分之二以上的业主且占总
人数三分之二以上的业主同意。决
定前款其他事项，应当经专有部分
占建筑物总面积过 半数的业主且占
总人数过半数的业主同意。



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thereof;
3. The election of the owners'
committee
or
amendment
of
the
members
thereof;
4. The employment and discharge of a
building management service or any
other manager;
5. The raising or use of funds for
maintaining the building and
affiliated facilities thereof;
6. Rebuilding the building or any of
its affiliated facilities;
7.
Other
important
matters
in
relation
to common ownership and common
management rights.
For making decisions on matters
prescribed in Item 5. or 6. of the
preceding paragraph, the consent of
two
thirds
or
more
of
the
total
owners
with
private
areas
accounting
for
two
thirds
or
more
of
the
total
area
of
the
building
must
be
obtained.
For
making
decisions on any other issue
prescribed in the preceding
paragraph, the consent of half
of the
total owners with private areas
accounting for half
of the
total area
of the building must be obtained.
Article 77 Any owner may not alter a
residential premises into a premises
used
for
business
purposes
if
it
is
in
violation of any law, regulation or
management
stipulation.
When
changing
a
residential
premises
into
a
premises
used for business purposes, an owner
shall obtain the consent of the
interested owners, in addition to
complying with the laws, regulations
and management stipulations.
Article 78 Each owner is bound by
decisions
made
by
the
owners'
assembly


第七十七条
< br>业主不得违反
法
律、
法
规以及管理规约，将住宅改
变为经营性 用房。业主将住宅改变
为经营性用房的，除遵守
法
律、
法
规以及管理 规约外，应当经有利害
关系的业主同意。



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第七十八条

业主大会或者业
主委员会的决定，对业主具有约束
力。



业主大会或者业主委员会作出
的决定侵害业主合
法
权益的，受侵
害的 业主可以请求人民
法
院予以撤
销。



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第七十九条

建筑物及其附属
设施的维修资金，属于业主共有。
经业 主共同决定，可以用于电梯、
水箱等共有部分的维修。维修资金
的筹集、使用情况应当公布。< br>
or committee. Where the legitimate
rights
and
interests
of
any
owner
have
been infringed upon by any decision
made by the owners' assembly or
committee, the owner may request the
People's Court revoke the decision.
Article 79 Funds for maintaining a
building and the affiliated
facilities thereof shall be co-owned
by the owners of the building. The
funds
may,
upon
the
codetermination
of
the owners, be used for maintaining
common areas such as elevators and
water
tanks.
The
details
regarding
the
raising and use of maintenance funds
shall be made known to the owners.
Article 80 In regard to matters such
as expense allocation and proceed
distribution of a building or any of
its affiliated facilities, where any
stipulation for these exists, such
stipulation shall apply. Where there
is no stipulation or the stipulation
is unclear, these matters shall be
determined in accordance with the
proportion of each owner's private
areas to the total area of the
building.
Article
81
The
owners
of
a
building
may
manage the building and affiliated
facilities thereof by themselves or
they
may
entrust
a
building
management
service or any other manager to
conduct
the
management.
As
regards
the
building management service or any
other manager hired by the
construction entity, the owners are
entitled to make amendments in
accordance with the law.


第八十条

建筑物及其附属设< br>施的费用分摊、收益分配等事项，
有约定的，按照约定；没有约定或
者约定不明确的，按 照业主专有部
分占建筑物总面积的比例确定。



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第八十一条

业主可以自行管
理 建筑物及其附属设施，也可以委
托物业服务企业或者其他管理人管
理。

对建 设单位聘请的物业服务企业或
者其他管理人，
业主有权依
法
更换。



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第八十二条

物业服务企业或
者其他管理人根据业主的委托管理
建筑 区划内的建筑物及其附属设
施，并接受业主的监督。



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Article 82 In accordance with the
owners' wishes, the building
management service or any other
manager shall provide onsite
management of the building and
affiliated facilities thereof and
accept the owners' supervision.
Article 83 The owners shall comply
with the law, regulations and
management stipulations.
Where any act infringes upon the
lawful rights and interests of other
persons,
such
as
the
improper
disposal
of waste, discharging atmospheric
pollutants and noise, breeding
animals in violation of the related
regulations, illegally building
shelters, occupying passageways or
refusing to pay building management
fees, etc, the owners' assembly and
committee have the right, in
accordance with the relevant laws,
regulations and management
stipulations, to request the
cessation of the infringing act,
removal of harmful substances or
impediments and may demand
compensation
for
any
losses.
Where
any
owner's legitimate rights and
interests are infringed upon, he may
lodge an action
to the
People's Court
in accordance with law.
Chapter
VII
Neighboring
Relationships
Article
84
A
neighboring
rights
holder
of an immovable shall, in accordance
with the principles of facilitating
production
and
living,
solidarity
and
mutual aid, fairness and equity,
handle the neighboring relationship
in a reasonable manner.


第八十三条

业主应当遵守
法
律、
法
规以及管理规约。



业主大会和业主委员会，对任
意弃置垃圾、
排放污染物或者噪声、
违反规定饲养动物、违章搭建、侵
占通道、拒付物业费等损害他人合
法
权益的行为，有 权依照
法
律、
法
规以及管理规约，要求行为人停止
侵害、消除危险、 排除妨害、赔偿
损失。业主对侵害自己合
法
权益的
行为，可以依
法< br>向人民
法
院提起诉
讼。



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第七章

相邻关系



第八十四条
< br>不动产的相邻权
利人应当按照有利生产、
方便生活、
团结互助、公平合理的原则 ，正确
处理相邻关系。



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第八十五条

法
律、
法
规对处
理相邻关系有规定的，
依照其规定；
法
律、
法
规没有规定的，可以 按照
当地习惯。



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Article 85 Where any legal provision
on the disposal of neighboring
relationships exists, such provision
shall apply. Where there is no such
provision, the neighboring
relationship shall be disposed of in
light of local customs.
Article 86 The rights holder of an
immovable shall provide necessary
convenience for the neighboring
rights holders in terms of the use of
water and drainage. The neighboring
right holders of an immovable shall
rationally
distribute
the
utilization
of
natural
running
water.
The
natural
current direction shall be respected
when draining natural running water.
Article 87 A rights holder of an
immovable shall provide necessary
convenience where a neighboring
rights holder has to use his land by
virtue of passage or for any other
reason.
Article 88 Where
the
rights
holder of
an immovable has
to use
a neighboring
land or building by virtue of the
construction or repairing of a
building, or the laying of wires,
cables, water pipes, heating
pipelines
or
fuel
gas
pipelines,
etc,
necessary convenience shall be
provided by the
rights
holder of such
land or building.
Article 89 When constructing a
building,
no
entity
or
individual
may
block the ventilation, lighting or
sunshine of any neighboring building
in violation of the relevant
engineering
construction
standards
of


第八十六条

不动产权利人应
当为相邻权利人用水、排水提供必
要的便利。



对自然流水的利用，应当在不
动产的相邻权利人之间合理分配。
对自然流水 的排放，应当尊重自然
流向。



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第八十七条

不动产权利人对
相邻权利人因通行等必须 利用其土
地的，应当提供必要的便利。



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第八十八条

不动产权利人因
建造、修缮建筑物以及铺 设电线、
电缆、水管、暖气和燃气管线等必
须利用相邻土地、建筑物的，该土
地、建筑 物的权利人应当提供必要
的便利。



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第八十九条

建造建筑物，不
得违反国家有关工程建设 标准，妨
碍相邻建筑物的通风、
采光和日照。



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the State.


第九十条

不动产权利人不得
违反国家规定弃置固体废物，排放
大气污染物、水污染物、噪声、光、
电磁波辐射等有 害物质。



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Article 90 No rights holder of an
immovable may dispose solid waste or
discharge such harmful substances as
atmospheric pollutants, water
pollutants,
noise,
light
and
magnetic
radiation
in
violation
of
the
related
provisions of the State.
Article 91 The rights holder of an
immovable
may
not
endanger
the
safety
of any neighboring property when
excavating land, constructing a
building, laying a pipeline or
installing equipment.
Article 92 Where
the
rights
holder of
an immovable has
to use
a neighboring
immovable for the purpose of using
water, drainage, passage or laying
pipelines,
etc,
he
shall
make
efforts
to
avoid
causing
damages
to
the
rights
holder of the neighboring immovable.
In case any damage is caused
commensurate compensation shall be
made.
Chapter VIII Co-ownership
Article
93
An
immovable
or
movable
may
be
co-owned
by
two
or
more
entities
or
individuals. Co-ownership includes
divided co-ownership and joint
ownership.
Article 94 A divided co-owner of a
co-owned immovable or movable shall,
on the basis of his proportion, hold
ownership
of
the
immovable
or
movable.
Article
95
A
joint
owner
of
a
co-owned


第九十一条

不动产权利人挖掘土地、建造建筑物、铺设管线以
及安装设备等，不得危及相邻不动
产的安全。



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第九十二条

不动产权利人因
用 水、排水、通行、铺设管线等利
用相邻不动产的，应当尽量避免对
相邻的不动产权利人造成损害 ；造
成损害的，应当给予赔偿。



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第八章

共有



第九十三条

不动产或者动产
可以由两个以上单位、个人共有。
共有 包括按份共有和共同共有。



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第九十四条

按份共有人对共
有的不动产或者动产按照其份额享
有所有权。



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第九十五条

共同共有人对共
有的不动产或者动产共同享有所有
权。



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第九十六条

共有人按照约定
管理共有的不动产或者动 产；没有
约定或者约定不明确的，各共有人
都有管理的权利和义务。



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immovable or movable shall, on a
common basis, hold ownership of the
immovable or movable.
Article
96
Co-owners
shall
manage
the
co- owned immovable or movable in
accordance with the stipulations.
Where no stipulation or unclear
stipulation exists, all co-owners
have the right and obligation of
management.
Article 97 As
regards the
disposal or
major repair of a co-owned immovable
or movable, unless the co-owners
stipulate
otherwise,
the
consent
of
at
least two thirds of the divided
co-owners
or
all
joint
owners
shall
be
obtained.
Article
98
Where
a
stipulation
exists
in regard to management expenses or
any other liabilities of a co-owned
immovable or movable, , such
stipulation shall apply. Where no
stipulation or unclear stipulation
exists, expenses shall be assumed by
the divided co-owners in accordance
with their respective shares or
commonly
assumed
by
all
joint
owners.
Article 99 Where the co-owners of a
co-owned immovable or movable have
stipulated not to partition the
immovable
or
movable
so
as
to
maintain
the relationship of co- ownership,
such stipulation shall apply.
However, where any co-owner has
certain significant reasons for
partitioning the immovable or
movable,
he
may
request
the
partition.
Where no stipulation or unclear
stipulation exists, a divided


第九十七条

处分共有的不动
产或者 动产以及对共有的不动产或
者动产作重大修缮的，应当经占份
额三分之二以上的按份共有人或者
全体共同共有人同意，但共有人之
间另有约定的除外。



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第九十八条

对共有物的管理
费用以及其他负担，有约 定的，按
照约定；没有约定或者约定不明确
的，按份共有人按照其份额负担，
共同共有 人共同负担。



第九十九条

共有人约定不得
分割共有的不动产或者动产，以维
持共有关系的，应当按照约定，但
共有人有重大理由需要分割 的，可
以请求分割；没有约定或者约定不
明确的，按份共有人可以随时请求
分割，共同 共有人在共有的基础丧
失或者有重大理由需要分割时可以
请求分割。因分割对其他共有人造成损害的，应当给予赔偿。



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co-owner
may
request
the
partition
at
any
time,
and
a
joint
owner
may
request
the partition where the basis for
co- ownership no longer exists or he
has certain significant reasons for
the partition. Compensation shall be
made
if
damages
to
any
other
person
are
caused by the partition, .


第一百条

共有人可以协商确
定分割方式。达不成协议，共有的
不动 产或者动产可以分割并且不会
因分割减损价值的，应当对实物予
以分割；难以分割或者因分割会 减
损价值的，应当对折价或者拍卖、
变卖取得的价款予以分割。



共有人分割所得的不动产或者
动产有瑕疵的，其他共有人应当分
担损失。



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Article 100 Co-owners of a co-owned
immovable or movable may decide
through negotiation the method of
partition. Where no agreement is
achieved the property may be
partitioned without impacting its
value. Where it is difficult to
partition the property or its value
would be affected because of the
partition, the immovable or movable
shall be sold or auctioned and the
moneys shall be divided. Where an
immovable
or
movable
obtained
from
the
partition of a co-owned property has
any flaw, the other co-owners shall
share the loss.
Article 101 A divided co-owner may
transfer his share of a co-owned
immovable or movable. The other
divided
co-owners
shall
be
entitled
to
preemptive
rights
of
purchase
on
equal
footing.
Article 102 An obligee's creditor's
right
or
liabilities
generated
from
a
co-owned
immovable
or
movable,
unless
otherwise
prescribed
by
any
law
or
the
third party is aware of the fact that
the co-owner does not have the
relationship of joint or divided
creditor's right or liabilities, a
co- owner shall hold joint or divided
creditor's
right
or
undertake
joint
or


第一百零一条

按份共有人可
以转让其享有的共有的不 动产或者
动产份额。其他共有人在同等条件
下享有优先购买的权利。



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第一百零二条

因共有的不动
产 或者动产产生的债权债务，在对
外关系上，共有人享有连带债权、
承担连带债务，但
法
律另有规定或
者第三人知道共有人不具有连带债
权债务关系的除外；在共有人内部关系上，除共有人另有约定外，按
份共有人按照份额享有债权、承担
债务，共同共有人共同 享有债权、
承担债务。偿还债务超过自己应当
承担份额的按份共有人，有权向其
他共有 人追偿。



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divided liabilities in terms of an
external
relationship.
In
terms
of
an
internal relationship among the
co-owners, unless it is otherwise
stipulated, a divided co-owner shall
hold
the
creditor's
right
or
undertake
liabilities on the basis of his own
share,
while
joint
owners
shall
enjoy
the creditor's right or undertake
liabilities on a common basis. Where
any divided co-owner overpays his
share
of
the
debt,
he
has
the
right
to
recover the overpaid amount from the
other co-owners.
Article 103 Where it is not
stipulated, or if the stipulation is
unclear, whether the co-owned
immovable
or
movable
is
under
divided
co-ownership or joint ownership, it
shall be considered as a divided
co- ownership
unless
there
is
a
family
relationship among the co-owners.
Article
104
A
divided
co- owner's
share
of an immovable or movable shall be
decided according to his amount of
capital contribution. Where no
stipulation or unclear stipulation
exists, and it is impossible to
determine the amount of capital
contribution, each divided co-owner
shall enjoy an equal share.
Article
105
Where
two
or
more
entities
or individuals co-own the usufruct
rights or collateral rights of an
immovable or movable, the provisions
in this Chapter shall apply as
reference.
Chapter IX Special Provisions on
Acquiring Ownership


第一百零三条

共有人对共有
的不动产或者动产没有约定为按份
共有 或者共同共有，或者约定不明
确的，
除共有人具有家庭关系等外，
视为按份共有。


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第一百零四条

按份共有人对
共 有的不动产或者动产享有的份
额，没有约定或者约定不明确的，
按照出资额确定；不能确定出资 额
的，视为等额享有。



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第一百零五条

两个以上单
位、个人共同享有用益物权
、担保
物权
的，参照本章规定。



第九章

所有权取得的特别规
定



第一百零六条

无处分权人将
不动产或者动产转让给受让人的，
所有 权人有权追回；除
法
律另有规
定外，符合下列情形的，受让人取
得该不动产或 者动产的所有权：



（一）受让人受让该不动产或
者动产时是善意的；



（二）以合理的价格转让；



（三）转让的不动产或者动产依照
法
律规定应当登记的已经登
记，不需要登记的已经交付给受让
人。< br>


受让人依照前款规定取得不动
产或者动产的所有权的，原所有权
人有权向无处分权人请求赔偿损
失。



当事人善意取得其他
物权
的，
参照前两款规定。



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Article 106 Where a person without
disposal rights of an immovable or
movable transfers the immovable or
movable to an assignee, the owner is
entitled to recover the immovable or
movable. Unless otherwise prescribed
by law,
the
assignee
shall
obtain the
ownership
of
the
immovable
or
movable
if
all
of
the
following
conditions
are
met:
1. Acceptance of the immovable or
movable in good faith;
2. Purchase of the immovable or
movable at a reasonable price; and
3. Registration of the transferred
immovable or movable where
registration
is
required
by
law.
Where
registration is not required, the
immovable or movable has been
delivered to the assignee.
In accordance with the preceding
paragraph, where an assignee obtains
the ownership of an immovable or
movable, the original owner may
require the person without disposal
rights of the
immovable or
movable to
compensate for his losses. In case a
related party obtains any other form
of real rights in good faith, the
preceding two paragraphs shall apply
as reference.
Article 107 An owner or any other
rights
holder
has
the
right
to
recover
a lost property. Where the lost
property is possessed by any other
person through transference, the
owner has the right to require the
person without disposal rights to
compensate for damages, or, require
the assignee to return the original
property
within
2
years
of
the
date
the
owner becomes aware of the assignee.


第一百零七条

所有权人或者
其他权利人有权追回遗失物。该遗
失物 通过转让被他人占有的，权利
人有权向无处分权人请求损害赔
偿，或者自知道或者应当知道受让
人之日起二年内向受让人请求返还
原物，但受让人通过拍卖或者向具
有经营资格的经营 者购得该遗失物
的，权利人请求返还原物时应当支
付受让人所付的费用。权利人向受
让 人支付所付费用后，有权向无处
分权人追偿。



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Where
the
assignee
purchases
the
lost
property through auction or from a
qualified
operator,
the
rights
holder
shall, when requesting the return of
the original property, pay the
assignee
the
amount
the
assignee
paid
for purchasing the property. After
paying
the
amount
to
the
assignee,
the
owner has the right to recover said
amount from the person without
disposal rights of the property.
Article
108
After
a
bona
fide
assignee
obtains a property, the original
rights on the property shall be
terminated, unless the bona fide
assignee is already
aware or
ought to
be aware of the rights when the
transfer is made.
Article 109 A
lost property
which has
been found shall be returned to the
rights
holder.
The
person
finding
such
property shall inform the rights
holder to claim the property or hand
it over to the related departments
such
as
the
public
security
department
in a timely manner.
Article 110 After receiving a lost
property, the related department
shall notify the rights holder to
claim
the
property
in
a
timely
manner.
Where the identity of the rights
holder is not known, the related
department shall publish an
announcement regarding the lost
property in a timely manner.
Article 111 The person who finds the
property
shall
take
proper
care
of
the
property before it is handed over to
the related department. The related


第一百零八条
< br>善意受让人取
得动产后，该动产上的原有权利消
灭，但善意受让人在受让时知道或
者应当知道该权利的除外。



第一百零九条

拾得遗 失物，
应当返还权利人。拾得人应当及时
通知权利人领取，或者送交公安等
有关部门。



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第一百一十条

有关部门收到
遗失物，知道权利人的， 应当及时
通知其领取；不知道的，应当及时
发布招领公告。



第一百一十一条

拾得人在遗
失物送交有关部门前，有关部门在
遗失 物被领取前，应当妥善保管遗
失物。因故意或者重大过失致使遗
失物毁损、灭失的，应当承担民 事
责任。



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)

department
shall
also
take
proper
care
of the property before the rights
holder claims it. A person causing
damage to the property either
deliberately
or
from
gross
negligence
shall assume civil liabilities.
Article 112 The rights holder of the
property, when regaining a lost
property, shall pay to the finder or
the related department the expenses
incurred for the safekeeping of the
property. Where a rights holder has
offered a reward for finding the
property, he shall fulfill his
obligation
of
granting
the
reward
when
claiming the property. Where the
person who finds the property
misappropriates the property, he
shall
be
deprived
of
the
right
to
claim
payment for expenses incurred in
safekeeping
the
property
or
demand
the
rights holder to grant a reward.
Article 113 Where a found property
fails
to
be
claimed
within
6
months
of
the date a claiming announcement is
published, ownership shall be passed
to the State.
Article 114 In the event of finding a
drift
item,
an
item
buried
underground
or a hidden item, the relevant
provisions on the finding of a lost
property shall apply as reference.
Where there is
any other
provision in
law such as the law concerning the
protection of cultural relics, such
provisions shall prevail.
Article 115 Unless otherwise
stipulated by the parties concerned,
the auxiliary properties shall be


第一百一十二条

权利人领取
遗失物时，应当向拾得人 或者有关
部门支付保管遗失物等支出的必要
费用。



权利人悬赏寻找遗失物的，领
取遗失物时应当按照承诺履行义
务。

拾得人侵占遗失物的，无权请求保
管遗失物等支出的费用，也无权请
求权利人按照承诺履行义务 。



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第一百一十三条

遗失物自发
布招领公告之日起六个月内无人认
领的，归国家所有。



第一百一十四条

拾得漂流
物、发现埋藏物或者隐藏物的，参照拾得遗失物的有关规定。文物保
护
法
等
法
律另有规定的，依照 其规
定。



第一百一十五条

主物转让
的，从物随主物转让，但当事人另
有约定的除外。

transferred together with the
principal property.


第一百一十六条

天然孳息，
由 所有权人取得；既有所有权人又
有用益
物权
人的，由用益
物权
人取< br>得。
当事人另有约定的，
按照约定。

法
定孳息，当事人有约 定的，按照
约定取得；没有约定或者约定不明
确的，按照交易习惯取得。



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Article 116 The owner shall be
entitled to natural fruits of the

there
are
both
an
owner
and a usufruct rights holder, the
usufruct rights holder shall be
entitled to the
natural fruits
of the
property.
Where
a
stipulation
between
the parties concerned states
otherwise, such stipulation shall
apply.
The parties concerned shall obtain
statutory fruits in accordance with
any stipulations. Where no
stipulation or unclear stipulation
exists, statutory fruits shall be
obtained in light of trading
practices.
Part III Usufruct Rights
Chapter X General Provisions on
Usufruct Rights
Article 117 Where an immovable or
movable is owned by someone else, a
usufruct
rights
holder
is
entitled
to
possess,
utilize
and
seek
profit
from
it in accordance with the law.
Article 118 Where natural resources
are
owned
by
the
State
or
owned
by
the
State
but
used
by
a
collective
or
those
that are owned by a collective as
prescribed by law, an entity or
individual may possess, utilize and
seek profit from them.
Article 119 Unless otherwise
prescribed
by
any
law,
the
State
shall
implement the system of paid use of


第三编

用益
物权



第十章

一般规定



第一百一十七条

用益
物 权
人
对他人所有的不动产或者动产，依
法
享有占有、使用和收益的权利。


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第一百一十八条

国家所有或
者 国家所有由集体使用以及
法
律规
定属于集体所有的自然资源，
单位、
个人依
法
可以占有、使用和收益。



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第一百一十九条

国家实行自
然资源有偿使用制度，但
法
律另有
规定的除外。



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第一百二十条

用益
物权
人行
使权利，应当遵守
法
律有关保护和
合理开发利用资源的规定。所有权< br>人不得干涉用益
物权
人行使权利。



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natural resources.
Article 120 When exercising his
rights,
a
usufruct
rights
holder
shall
comply with the provisions regarding
the protection, exploration and
utilization of resources as provided
for by law. When the usufruct rights
holder
exercises
his
rights,
the
owner
shall not intervene.
Article
121
Where
the
usufruct
rights
are terminated or
are affected
due to
expropriation or requisition, the
usufruct rights holder has the right
to
claim
commensurate
compensation
in
accordance with Articles 42 and
44 of
this Law.
Article
122
The
legally
obtained
right
to use sea territories shall be
protected by law.
Article 123 Mineral prospecting
rights, mining rights, water drawing
rights and the right to use water
territories or tidal flats for
breeding or fishery, shall be
protected by law.
Chapter
XI
Land
Contractual
Operating
Rights
Article 124 A dual operation system,
under
which
centralized
operation
and
decentralized operation are combined
on the basis of household contract
operation, shall be practiced by any
rural economic organization.
Cultivated
land,
woodland,
grassland,
and other lands for agricultural use
that
are
owned
by
rural
collectives
as
well as those that are owned by the


第一百二十一条

因不动产或
者动产被征收、征用致使用益
物权消灭或者影响用益
物权
行使的，用
益
物权
人有权依照本
法
第四十二
条、第四十四条的规定获得相应补
偿。



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第一百二十二条

依
法
取得的
海域使用权受
法
律保护。



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律
法
规
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第一百二十三条

依
法
取得的
探矿权、采矿权、取水权和使用水
域、滩涂从事养殖、捕捞的权利受
法
律保护。



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第十一章

土地承包经营权



第一百二十四条

农村集体经
济组织实行家庭承包经营为基础、
统分结合的双层经营体制。



农民集体所有和国家所有由农
民集体使用的耕地、林地、草地以
及其他用于农业的土地，依
法
实行
土地承包经营制度。



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State and used by rural collectives,
shall be utilized
under the
system of
land contract operation.


第一百二十五条

土地承包经
营权人依
法
对其承包经营的耕地、
林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收
益的权利 ，
有权从事种植业、
林业、
畜牧业等农业生产。



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Article 125 A holder of land
contractual operating rights has the
right to possess, utilize and seek
profit from the cultivated land,
woodland
or
grassland,
etc.
under
the
contract operation thereof, and is
entitled to carry out agricultural
production activities such as
planting, forestry, stockbreeding,
etc.
Article 126 The contractual term for
cultivated
land
shall
be
30
years.
The
contractual term for grassland shall
be
from
30
to
50
years.
The
contractual
term for woodland shall be from 30 to
70 years. The contractual term for
special forestland may be extended,
upon approval of the forestry
administrative department under the
State Council.
After
the
contractual
term
as
referred
to in the preceding paragraph has
expired, the holder of land
contractual operating rights may
extend the contract according to the
relevant provisions of the State.
Article 127 Land contractual
operating
rights
shall
be
established
when the contract comes into effect.
The local People's Government at the
county level or above shall issue a
certificate of land contractual
operating rights, a forestry rights
certificate
or
a
grassland
use
rights
certificate to the holder, and
maintain a register so as to confirm
such rights.


第一百二十六条

耕地的承包
期为三十年。草地的承包期为三十< br>年至五十年。林地的承包期为三十
年至七十年；特殊林木的林地承包
期，经国务院林业行 政主管部门批
准可以延长。



前款规定的承包期届满，由土
地承包经营权人按照国家有关规定
继续承包。



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第一百二十七条

土地承包经
营权自土地承包经营权合同生效时
设立。



县级以上地方人民政府应当向
土地承包经营权人发放土地承包经
营权证、林权证、草原 使用权证，
并登记造册，
确认土地承包经营权。



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