大题小做新高考语法填空技巧

2021年1月22日发(作者：洋气是什么意思)
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语法填空解题攻略

解题步骤：（一）提示性填空的做题方法

1.
动词

（
1
）如果所给词是动词，空格前是名词或代词，比较复杂的时候是动名词、不定式或者主语从句 ，那么这个空一
定是缺谓语，所以要根据上下文判断句子的时态和语态。如
the young man ________(present)the water to the old.
根
据上下文可以判断是一般过去式
_______
（
2< br>）如果句子不缺谓语，而所给词又是动词，如果能排除是词形转换题的话，那么这个空一定是非谓语动词。 学
生要清楚的知道非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词以及他们的被动式和完成时 等。同时
要记住动词不定式在句子中可以充当除了谓语之外的所有句子成分，多数情况下，动词不定式表 示动作还未发生；
动名词可以在句子中做主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词和过去分词做定语、状语、 补语和表语。同时，现在
分词通常表示动作正在进行，和逻辑主语是主谓关系，而过去分词表示动作已完 成或者和逻辑主语是动宾关系。


基本知识掌握后，还要关注上下文中提供的 关键词来判断是哪种非谓语动词形式，比如
watch,see, notice,hear
等
词，那么有
doing
和
do
两种情况，诸如此类的加动词不定式和动名词的单词和短语学生都积累了不少，所以只要
做题时加以关 注，还是没有问题的。现在分词和过去分词的判定比不定式和动名词要难，但是，只要记住固定句
式结构 之外就是要找准动词和逻辑主语之间的关系，尤其是主句之前或者之后出现了逗号这种情况，尤其要引起
注意。如
he spit it out, ______(say)it was awful.
（
____
）

2.
形容词和副词

首先，要让学生确切的知道，形容词在句子中充当的句子成分和所处位置。
a.
形容词 可以放在名词前面做定语；
b.
形容词可以在系动词后面作表语；
c.
形容词 可以放在宾语后做宾语补足语。副词在句子中所充当的句子成分和所处
的位置。
a.
副 词放在动词的前后做动词状语；
b.
副词放在形容词前做形容词的状语；
c.
副词放在副词前面做状语。
这样，学生会比较明确的判断句子所缺的是什么。如，
his teacher took a deep drink, smiled______(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
（
_______)
其次，要明确形容词和副词之间的词性和词形转换 。根据前文，学生能够判断句子却的是形容词还是副词之后，
根据上下文逻辑结构和句子意思，通过加减 前后缀的办法把题目做正确。如
20XX
年广东卷考查了副词
_______
：
... His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet wate
r...
另外，
20XX
年广东卷考 查了副词
______
：
...We drank together and talked _______(merry) till far into the night... < br>第三，注意形容词和副词的比较级别，同级比较用
as...as...
和
no t so...as...,
其中要加形容词副词的原级。用形容词和
副词取决于前面的动词是 系动词还是实义动词；比较级有比较连词
than
或者根据上下文判断有隐性的比较；最高级前面有标志性的词
the
。

3.
名词


名词在语法填空中出现的几率比较低，但是名词却是做自由填空的一个非常重要的参照物。名词在提示性 填空
部分，最可能出现的题就是动词转化成名词这种形式。但是学生必须明确名词的特点。单数可数名词 前面必须有
三类修饰限定词：
a.
必须有
a/an,the
；
b.
必须有形容词性的物主代词；
c.
必须有指示代词
this
或 者
that
以及不定代词。
三者是必有其一，互不兼容。不可数名词最显著的特点就是 不能与
a/an
连用，但是英语中要注意一词多义的情况
(
如抽象名词具体化 ）。

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（二）自由填空题的做题方法

1.
介词

介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词
on
，
in
，
at
，
with
，
by
，
through
等。介词最大的特点可 以和动词、形容词
等构成固定短语，通常都是介词在后，再就是和名词构成固定短语，尤其是要注意是否 加冠词的情况。同时，学
生要清楚介词后通常都是加名词、代词（宾格、名词性物主代词、反身代词）、 动名词和宾语从句等。


如
20XX
年高考英语（ 广东卷）考查了
with
表伴随的用
法：
... The young man went home _______ a happy heart...
；
20X X
年广东卷考查了介词
on
和
at: ... Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes ______ sale... When Jane
got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _______table having supper...
2.
连词


连词的考查包括的内容比较宽泛，主要区分开两大部分，即并列句和复合句。这是做连 词题的关键。


并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句句用并列连词连在一起构 成的句子，其基本结构是
“
简单句
+
并列连词
+
简单
句
”
。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们 之间用连词连结。包
括表转折的连词
but
，
while
；表并列的 连词
and
，
or
；表因果的连词
because
，
so
等等。如
20XX
年广东卷考查了连
词
but
： ... He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did
“grow”
higher...

从属复合句由一个主句（
Principal Clause)
和一个或一个以上的从句
(Subordinate Clause)
构成。用疑问词作引导词，
主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存 在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有
主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个 关联词（
connective
）引导。主从复合句包
括形容词性从句（
Th e Attributive Clause
）；副词性从句（
The Adverbial Clause
）；名词性从句（
The Noun Clause
）
三大类。


主从复合句和并列句最大的区别 就是主句对从句有很大的影响，从句是从属于主句的一个句子成分，有自己独
立的主谓等句子成分的同时 ，还要受到主句的制约和影响。同时学生要对三大类句子的基本特点特别清楚，比如，
定语从句的关系代 词和关系副词的选用，非限制性定语从句的特点等；名词性从句中同位语从句和定语从句的区
别等。
3.
冠词

冠词的用法主要和名词连在一起，根据上下文进行 判断是用定冠词还是不定冠词，亦或是不用冠词的情
况。

4.
代词

在语法填空里，考查比较多的有人称代词和不定代词，人称代词要弄清楚所指代的性别和数，不定代词要
弄清楚所指代或修饰的词是什么。


总而言之，学生在了解全文大意 的基础上，从语篇着手并联系上下文，根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、
生活常识、固定词组、句型 搭配及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解、行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行
填空。




（一）

Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out wheth
er they deserved his help.
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In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waite
d. Soon an old man came along with his cow.

“Who
put this stone in the centre of the
road?”
said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with som
e difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then anothe
r came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young ma
n came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself:
“The
night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along late
r in the dark and will fall against the
stone.”

Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at
last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money.


（二）

The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as __31_ investigative tool. Jour
nalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medica
l development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-
paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from _33
countries and cultures. However, __34____there are many positive developments __35__ (associate) with the Internet, ther
e are also certain fears and concerns. __36___ concern relates to a lack of control over__37__ appears on the Internet. Wit
h television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with televisi
on there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can __39__ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet
, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable __40____ their children to see.


（

三

）

Crying marriage? 31 (surprise),
isn’t
it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of
Southwest
China’s
Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popula
r as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary
) to marriage procedure.
It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wed
ding. 36 , the
bride’s
neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughin
gstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding
ceremony.
In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words.
However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over th
eir unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.


（四）

In my free time, I really like surfing the Internet. When I get home from work, I turn on my computer, wait __31____it boot
s up completely, and then I go online. I usually check my email first and then write a few messages __32____ family and fri
ends. I sometimes scan the local news headlines at ___33___ favorite news Website and read up on the latest local and inter
national news. This Website often provides video news clips____34___ you can view online. I sometimes order products or
service online to save money and time instead of going to a store and__35____(buy) what I'm looking for. For example, I _
__36____ (order)a digital camera online the other day and saved about $$50. Whatever I do, I realize that there are problems
__37_____ using the Internet including scams, identify theft, and viruses, so I'm very careful not to give out my ____38___
__ (person) information. Furthermore, I don't download or open files I don't recognize. Using the Internet can be fun and__3
9____ convenient way of shopping and finding out new information, _____40___ you just need to be careful



（五）