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2021-01-22 16:25
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2021年1月22日发(作者:department是什么意思)

Lesson 1


Second One: News in Brief



Tapescript



1. Freed American hostage, David Jacobsen, appealed
呼吁

today for the release
释放

of the remaining captives
被捕

in Lebanon, saying,
we've got to get them home.
West Germany, accompanied
陪伴

by Anglican Church envoy
使者
, Terry Waite, who
worked to gain his release.

And Waite says his efforts will continue.

Jacobsen had
a
checkup
at
the
air
force
hospital
in
Wiesbaden.

And
hospital
director,
Colonel
Charles
Moffitt
says he
is
doing well.


tired, our initial
impression
印象

is that he is physically in very good condition.

It also seems that he
has dealt with the stresses of his captivity
囚禁

extremely well.
criticized the US government's handling of the hostage situation in a videotape made
during his captivity, today he thanked the Reagan Administration and said he was darn
补缀

proud to be an American.

The Reagan Administration had little to say today
about
the
release
of
Jacobsen
or
the
likelihood
可能性

that
other
hostages
may
be
freed.

Boarding Air Force One in Las Vegas, the President said,
tell
right
now.

We've
been
working
on
that.
We've
had
heart-breaking
disappointments.



2. Mr. Reagan was in Las Vegas campaigning
竞选

for Republican candidate
共和
党候选人
, Jim Santini, who is running behind Democrat, Harry Ree .



3. In Mozambique today a new president was chosen to replace Samora Machel
who died in a plane crash two weeks ago.

NPR's John Madison reports:
of the 130-member Central Committee
中央委员会

of the ruling FRELIMO Party

解阵线党

was
announced
on
Mozamlique
radio
this
evening.

He
is
Joaquim,
Chissano,
Mozambique's
Foreign
Minister,
No.
3
in
the
Party.

Chissano,
who
is
forty-seven,
was
Prime
Minister
of
the
nine-month
transitional
government
that
preceded independence from Portugal
in
1975.

He negotiated
谈判

the
transfer of
power with Portugal.


Section Two: News in Detail







Tapescript















This much is clear tonight: an America,, held in Lebanon almost a year and a
half is free.

David Jacobsen is recuperating
复原

in a hospital in Wiesbaden, West
Germany. Twenty-four hours earlier, Jacobsen was released in Beirut by Islamic Jihad.

But this remains a mystery
神秘
: what precisely led to his freedom?

Jacobsen will
spend the next several days in the US air force facility
空军设施

in Wiesbaden for a
medical examination.

Diedre Barber reports.






After Preliminary
初期的

medical checkups today, David Jacob's doctor said
he was tired but physically in very good condition. US air force hospital commander,
Charles A4offltt, said in a medical briefing this afternoon that Jacobsen had lost little
weight
seemed
extremely
fit.

He
joked
that
he
would
not
like
to
take
Jacobsen,'s
challenge to reporters earlier in the day to a six-mile jog around the airport. Despite

his
obvious
fatigue
疲劳
,
Jacobsen
spent
the
afternoon
being
examined
by
hospital
doctors.

He was also seen by a member of the special stress-management team sent
from
Washington.
Colonel
Mofritt
said
that
after
an
initial
evaluation
初步评估

it
seems as if Jacobsen coped extremely well with the stresses of his captivity.

He said
there was also
no evidence at
this
point that the fifty-five-year-old
hospital director
had
been
tortured
折磨

or
physically
abused.

Jacobsen
seemed
very
alert
警觉
,
asking
detailed
questions
about
the
facilities
of
the
Wiesbaden
medical
complex,
according to Moffitt.



So
far,
Jacobsen
has
refused
to
answer
questions
about
his
five
hundred
and
twenty-four
days
as
a
hostage.

Speaking
briefly
to
reporters
after
his
arrival
in
Wiesbaden this morning, he said his joy at being free was somewhat diminished
降低

by
his
concern
担心

for
the
other
hostages
left
behind.

He
thanked
the
US
government
and
President
Ronald
Reagan
for
helping
to
secure
得到

his
release.

Jacobsen
also
gave
special
thanks
to
Terry
Waite,
an
envoy
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury,
for his
help
in
the negotiation
协商
. Waite, who accompanied Jacobsen
from
Beirut
to
Wiesbaden
today,
said
he
might
be
going
to
Beirut
in
several
days.

There are still seven American hostages being held in Lebanon by different political
groups.

Jacobsen will be joined
in
Wiesbaden tomorrow by his
family.

Hospital,
officials said they still do not know how many days Jacobsen will remain for tests and
debriefing
sessions
before
returning
to
the
United
States
with
his
family.

For
National Public Radio, this is Diedre Barber, Wiesbaden.

Section Three: Special Report









Tapescript



The
leader
of
Chinese
revolution
革命
,
Mao
Tsetong,
died
ten
years
ago
today.
During his lifetiime, Mao became a
cult
狂热的

figure, but the current
government
has tried to change that. Now his tomb and enbalmed body in Beijing are just another
tourist
旅游

attraction. And no longer do millions of Chinese study or wave aloft
在高


the famous

Quotations
语录

from
Chairman Mao.

Along
with the political writing, Mao wrote poetry as well, poems about the revolution, the
Red Army, poems about nature.

Willis Barnstone has translated some of Mao's work
and
considers
him
an
original
原创的

master
大师
,
one
of
China's
most
important
poets.












interesting because his personal poetry was the history of China.

At the same time
because
he
was
a
famous
revolutionary
and
leader,
it
has
prejudiced
损害

most
people,
almost
correctly,
to
dismiss
his
poetry
as
simply
the
work
of
a
man
who
achieved fame elsewhere.'






'But his work was not dismissed within China though?'






'Well,
now
it's
almost
consciously
自觉地、有意地

forgotten.

But
when
I
was there in
'72,
you
could
see his
poems
on every dining
room wall, engraved on
peach- pits ... During lunch hours, workers would study his poems.

They were every
place.






'Is
there,
though,
a
revisionist
thinking
within
literary
circles?
Are
people

saying Mao wasn't any good as a poet either?'








Well, at least in my conversations
交谈

in the year I recently spent in
Peking teaching at the university there, I found very few people who didn't think he
was a very good poet.

But they did feel that his suggestions which were that people
not write in the classical style, that they write in what he called the modern style, was
very
repressive
残酷的
.

And
as
a
result,
of
course,
the
restriction
限制

of
publication during the ten years of the Cultural Revolution, poetry was abysmal
糟透

.'






'When you say the modern style, would that be, for example, free verse
诗句
?






'It would be free verse as opposed to classical rhymes or classical forms.






'You
write
in
the
introduction
to
one
of
your
translations
of
poems
of
Mao
Tsetong that people ... you explain that leaders in China, and indeed in the East, are
expected to be accomplished
完成了的、熟练地

poets.'






'Yes.

I think that's true.

The night that Tojo ... before Tojo died, he, ... in
Japan, he wrote some poems.

Ho Chi Minh was a poet. It was common. In fact,
I
think until early in the twentieth century, even to pass a bureaucratic exam, one had to
know a huge number of classical forms.

And especially, a leader should at least be a
poet.'






'There is one poem which is political in nature which has to do with a parasitic
寄生的

disease in China.'



















'Yes.

Mao
wrote
some
poems,
two
poems
actually,
about
getting
rid
of
a
disease that was a plague
灾难

for the country.

And it's called
the God of Disease.
注解
.

In tha
t sense, it’s typical
of classical Chinese poetry; he makes references to earlier emperors and places.















Saying Goodbye to the God of Disease










Mauve waters and green mountains are nothing










When the great ancient doctor Hua Tuo










Could not defeat a tiny worm.










A thousand villages collapsed, were choked with weeds,










Men were lost arrows, ghosts sang










In the doorway of a few desolate houses.










Yet now in a day, we leap around the earth,










Or explore a thousand milky ways.










And if the cowherd who lives on a star










Asks about the God of plagues,










Tell him,, happy or sad,










Washed away in the waters.





A
poem
by
Mao
Tsetong
read
by
Willis
Barnstone,
Professor
of
Comparative
Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington.

He talked with us from WFIU.


Lesson Two
Section One: News in Brief



Tapescript


1.
Iran's
official
news
agency
said
today
former
US
National
Security
Advisor
Robert McFarlane and four other Americans were jailed
拘留

in Tehran for five days
recently
after
they
arrived
on
a
secret
diplomatic
外交

mission
任务
.

The
report
quoted
the
speaker
of
Iran's
parliament
国会

as
saying
President
Reagan
sent
the
group to Tehran posing as aircraft crewmen
乘务员
.

He said they carried with them
a Bible signed by the President and a cake.

He said the presents were designed to
improve relations between the two countries.

Neither the Reagan Administration nor
McFarlane had any comment on the report.


2.
There
were
published
reports
in
the
Middle
East
that
hostage
David
Jacobsen
was
freed
as
a
result
of
negotiations
协商

between
the
United
States
and
Iran.

Asked about that today, Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite said that he didn't want
to
comment
评论

on
the
political
dynamics
活动
.

But
Waite
said
he
may
know
within the next twenty-four hours from his contacts if he will be returning to Beirut to
negotiate the release of more hostages.


3. Jacobsen was reunited with his family today, but again said his joy could not be
complete until the other hostages are freed.

He appeared on the hospital balcony



with
his
family
and
talked
with
reporters.

Hospital
director
Colonel
Charles
Moffitt
says
Jacobsen
needs
to
communicate
with
people
now.


likes
to
talk,
whether
that
be
to
a
group
of
press
or
to
individual
单独的

physicians
内科医生
.

Once you get him started on a subject, he wants to talk because he hasn't been able to
do that.
care.



4. A low to moderate
温和的

turnout is reported across the nation so far on this
election
day.

V
oters
are
choosing
members
of
the
one
hundredth
Congress,
thirty- four senators
参议员

and all four hundred thirty-five members of the US House
of Representatives.

One of the big questions is which Party will control the Senate
after today's voting.

Section Two: News in Detail


Tapescript







President Reagan's former National Security Advisor, Robert McFarlane, and
four other Americans may have visited Tehran recently on a secret diplomatic mission.

Today,
on
the
seventh
anniversary
周年纪念日

of
the
seizure
占有

of
the
US
embassy

使


in
Tehran,
Iran
Speaker
of
the
Parliament
said
the
visiting
Americans
were
held
for
five
days
before
being
expelled
开除

from
the
country.

NPR
was
unable
to
reach
Mr.
McFarlane
today
for
comment
and
the
White
House
says
that
it
can
neither
confirm
确定

nor
deny
the
story.

NPR's
Elizabeth
Colton
reports.


Today in Tehran, Speaker of the Parliament, Hashami Rafsanjani took the occasion



to
tell
a
rally
that
President
Reagan
had
recently
sent
personal
envoys
to
Iran,
calling
for
improvement
of
relations.

In
response
to
the
American
overtures,
Rafsanjani announced that Iran will advise its friends in Lebanon, in other words the
hostage takers, to free US and French hostages if Israel frees Lebanese prisoners, and

if
the
American
and
French
governments
end
their
hostility
to
the
revolutionary
government
of
Iran.
Rafsanjani
then
reportedly
described
for
the
tens
of
thousands
outside his parliament, the visit of the five American emissaries
特使
. The Iranian said
they
flew
in,
posing
as
the
flight
crew
of
a
plane
bringing
American
military
军用

spare parts to Iran from Europe.

The US envoys reportedly carried Irish passports,
now
said
to
be
held
by
Iranian
officials.

And
one
of
the
men
called
himself
McFarlane.

And according to Rafsanjani, he looked exactly like President Reagan's
former National Security Advisor.

Rafsanjani claimed that Iranian security officials
also have a tape of telephone conversations between the American President and his
envoys.

The
Iranian cleric, Rafsanjani, said the five men were confined to a hotel
for five days and later deported
驱逐出境

after Ayatollah Khomeini advised Iranian
officials not to meet them or receive their message.

Rafsanjani said the Americans
had brought a Bible signed by President Reagan and a key-shaped cake which they
said was the symbol of the hope of reopening by-Iran relations.

In Tehran today, at
the
ceremony
marking
the
anniversary
of
the
seizure
of
the
American
embassy,
Parliamentary Speaker Rafsanjani described the visit by the American emissaries as a
sign of Washington's helplessness.

The White House said it would neither confirm
nor deny the reports, because according to the press






there are certain matters
pertaining
从属

to
efforts
to
try
to
release
the
hostages,
and
comments
might
jeopardize



them.
Robert
McFarlane,
who
was
also
a
frequent
political
commentator for NPR's
morning edition,
has
been unavailable for
comment.

I
am

Elizabeth Colton in Washington.

Section Three: Special Report


Tapescript







Over the last few years and around the country, the number of fundamentalist



religious



groups
is
said
to
be
growing.

Some
are
called
'ultra-fundamentalist'
groups.

The
estimates
估计

varied
greatly.

The
number
could be as high as two thousand.

These organizations have different purposes and
beliefs,
but
usually
have
one
thing
in
common-strong
leadership,
quite
often
one
person.

Four years ago in October at a fundamentalist Christian commune in West
Virginia,
a
young
boy
died
after
a
paddling
涉水

session
集会

that
lasted
for
two
hours.

The
child
was
spanked


by
his
parents.
He
had
hit
another
child
and
refused to say he was sorry.

We reported the story of that paddling - the story of the
Stonegate
Community
in
November
of
1982.
Since
that
time,
Stonegate
leader
has
been tried and convicted
证明、
、有罪
, one of the first times a leader of a religious
group has been held responsible for the actions of a member.

Also in that time the
parents
of
the
child
have
served
jail
监狱

terms,
and
now
they
have
agreed
to
tell
their story.







The Stonegate Commune was near Charleston, West Virginia, in the northeast
corner
of
the
state.

It's
mostly
farming
country.

The
Stonegate
members
lived
outside of town in an old white Victorian house, overlooking the Shenandoah River,
eight
young
families
living
and
working
together.

They
did
some
farming,
some

construction
work
and
for
a
time
ran
a
restaurant
in
Charleston.

It
was
their
intention to become less of a commune and more of a community, with the families
living in separate houses on the property
房产
.

We went to Stonegate on a Sunday
evening
in
November
of
1982.

We
were
reluctantly
不情愿的

welcomed.

Less
than a month before, two Stonegate members had been indicted
起诉

for involuntary
manslaughter.

They were the parents of Joseph Green, who was two years old when
he died. On this night many of the Stonegate people were defensive, almost angry.





That
was
four
years
ago.

The
parents,
Stewart
and
Leslie
Green,
were
convicted
of
involuntary
manslaughter
and
both
spent
a
year
in
jail.
First
Stewart,
then Leslie.

Then in a separate legal action, the leader of the Stonegate commune,
Dorothy McLellan was also indicted.

McLellan did not take part in the paddling but
she was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter and conspiracy
阴谋

in the death of
Joey t Green, the father, testified against Dorothy McLellan. Green now
believes
that
his
son
died
because
of
McLellan's
teachings
and
influence.

He
explained
in
court
that
the
Stonegate
members
were
taught
that
a
paddling
session
should
continue
until
the
child
apologizes.

Green
also
testified
that
a
four-hour
spanking
of
Dorothy
McLellan's
grandson,
Danny,
had
occurred
two
weeks
before
Joey Green's death.

He also said the Stonegate members, when Joey died, joined in
a
pledge
of
secrecy:
the
circumstances
would
be
covered
up;
the
death
would
be
called an accident. They were afraid all the Stonegate children would be taken away.
Joey
at first agreed to this.

It was later that they spoke out against what
they called then a conspiracy of silence.

Both Stewart and Leslie Green grew up and
married within the Stonegate community.

Leslie was only fifteen when she carrfe to
the Stonegate.

They lived with several other teenagers in the home of Dorothy and
John McLellan.

The McLellans had been taking in young people who were having
trouble,
usually
with
drugs.

They
wanted
to
use
their
marriage
as
an
example
of
Christian
family
life.

John
McLellan
worked
for
an
accounting
firm,
travelling
during
the
week,
Dot
McLellan
staying
at
home,
taking
care
of
more
and
more
teenagers. The Greens are now living in their first real home together, an apartment in
Baltimore.

Stewart left the Stonegate, and Leslie joined him as soon as she got out
of jail.

The Greens have now agreed to talk about their lives at Stonegate and about
the paddling of their son.

Lesson Three
Section One: News in Brief















1.
IBM,
following
the
lead
of
General
Motors,
announced
today
it's
pulling
out
of
South Africa.

Like General Motors, IBM says it's selling its South African holdings
because
of
the
political
and
economic
situation
there.

Anti-apartheid
groups
have
praised the decision, but the State Department says business pullouts are regrettable.
Spokesman
Charles
Redmond
said
today
the
Reagan
Administration
believes
US
corporate involvement in South Africa has been a progressive
前进的

force against
apartheid.


部门

involvement in
South Africa.

Such reductions could have harmful effects on black workers, injure
the South African economy which has, on the whole, weakened the premises
经营场



of apartheid and provided a means of improving the living standards and skills of
many people otherwise disadvantaged by apartheid, and it might limit the extent
范围

of
US
influence
in
South
Africa.
State
Department
spokesman
Charles
Redmond.

IBM employs some 1,500 people in South Africa.











2.
More
than
fifty
black
youths
were
arrested
拘留

today
in
Harare,
Zimbabwe,
when
police
broke
up
demonstrations
示威

at
South
African
offices
and
the
US
embassy.

Julie Fredricks reports.


youths caused thousands of dollars of damage by burning and stoning the offices of
the
South
African
trade
mission,
South
African
Airways,
Air
Malawi,
and
the
Malawian High Commission. The demonstrators suspected South African complicity
in
the
plane
crash
that
killed
Mozambiquan
President
Machel
in
South
Africa
and
blamed
Malawi
for
supporting
the
Pretoria-backed
insurgents
that
are
attacking
Mozambique. Zimbabwean government officials appealed for calm, and a statement
from Prime Minister Mugabe just back from a trip to London is expected tomorrow.

For National Public Radio, this is Julie Fredricks in Harare.

3.
President
Reagan
met
for
about
an
hour
today
with
West
German
Chancellor
Helmut
Kohl
at
the
White
House.

Kohl
is
the
first
European
leader
to
visit
the
President since the Reykjavik summit. US officials say Kohl expressed support for the
President's SDI program.
Section Two: News in Detail






West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl is in Washington D.C. for four days of
meetings.

Among the issues on his agenda are economic relations with the US and
Germany's
policy
towards
southern
Africa.

But
today,
Kohl's
talk
with
President
Reagan was dominated by the recent US-Soviet summit meeting in Iceland.

NPR's
Brenda


Wilson reports.






While
no
major
agreement
was
signed
by
the
United
States
and
the
Soviet
Union in
Reykjavik, the two countries
made progress
in
arms control talks in
areas
that
are
a
central
concern
to
America's
European
allies.

Those
particular
areas
involve disarmament proposals made in Iceland, affecting medium-range missiles and
long-range
missiles
over
which
allies
have
voiced
some
reservations.
This
was
a
major
topic
of
discussion
with
Chancellor
Kohl
today,
even
though
his
Foreign
Minister
was
briefed
by
the
US
Secretary,
of
State
only
last
week.

In
remarks
welcoming
Chancellor
Kohl,
President
Reagan
sounded
a
positive
note,
saying
that
there was ample reason for optimism.


with the Soviet Union, and I say when, not if, it will not be the result of weakness or
timidity
on
the
part
of
Western
nations.

Instead,
it
will
flow
from
our
strength,
realism
and
unity.'
The
President
also
explained
that
achieving
such
an
agreement
would depend upon


pushing
ahead
with
his
Strategic
Defense
Initiative,
SDI,
because
it
offered
protection
against
cheating.

But
members
of
NATO,
including
Germany,
have
expressed concern that eliminating medium- range missiles in Europe as was proposed
in
Reykjavik
would
potentially
leave
Europe
vulnerable
to
the
Soviet
shorter-range
missiles and greater superiority in conventional forces.

They expressed doubts that

SDI could make up for those deficiencies.

The allies, in particular West Germany,
want
reductions
in

medium-range
missiles
tied
to
reductions
in
shorter-range
missiles
and
conventional
forces.

Chancellor
Kohl
was
expected
to
press
these
points and to urge President Reagan to compromise on SDI to keep talks between the
US
and the Soviets
moving. Speaking through
an interpreter in
his
arrival
remarks,
Kohl did not mention SDI, 'It remains our goal, and I know that I shared with you, Mr.
President,
to
create
peace
and
security
with
ever
fewer
weapons.

In
Reykjavik,
thanks
to
your
serious
and
consistent
efforts
in
pursuit
of
peace,
a
major
step
was
taken
in
this
direction.

And
we
must
now
take
the
opportunities
that
present
themselves without endangering our defensive capability.'






After
the
meeting
between
Kohl
and
the
President,
a
senior
administration
official
quoted
Kohl
as
saying
that
he
has
always
been
in
favor
of
the
Strategic
Defense system.

At the White House, I'm Brenda Wilson.

Section Three: Special Report







A
group
of
business
leaders
in
Boston
today
announced
plans
to
expand
a
college
scholarship
program
to
include
any
eligible
Boston
high
school
graduate.

The business leaders announced plans for a permanent five-million dollar endowment
fund, and they also promise to hire any of the students who go on to complete their
college educations.

Andrew Kaffery of member station WBUR has the report.







The Boston business community's involvement in the Boston public school
dates back almost twenty years, from work internships to an endowment program for
Boston teachers. Business has

pumped more than one million dollars into the public
schools.

Now business leaders say they're ready to make their biggest commitment
yet: a multi-million dollar scholarship program that will enable the city's poorest kids
to go on to college and to jobs afterward.

The program is called Action Center for
Educational
Services
and
Scholarships,
or
ACESS.

According
to
Daniel
Cheever,
the
President
of
Boston's
Wheelock
College,
ACESS
is
not
a
blank
check
for
the
eligible
graduates.


we'll
help
them
get
as
much
aid
as
they
can
from
other
sources,
and
secondly,
we'll
provide
the
last
dollar
scholarship.

I
should
add,
of
course, they have to qualify for financial aid; that is, we're not handing out money to
students
who
don't
need
it.
The
average
grant
is
around
five
hundred
dollars
and
already the program has given one hundred Boston students more than fifty thousand
dollars in scholarship money.







Other assistance from the program has helped those students raise more than
six
hundred
thousand
dollars
in
additional
financial
aid.
School
officials
say
them
where 43% of the students
live below the poverty level,
and almost
half who enter
high school drop out. Robert Weaver was one Boston high school graduate who could
not afford college.

He's in the ACESS program now and will get a degree in airplane
mechanics next year from the Wentworth Institute of Technology in Boston.

'I got
the Pale grant and the state scholarship, but there was still a gap.

There was like a
twenty-three hundred-dollar gap.

Wentworth's total bill was fifty-seven hundred, so
I had to fill that amount, with working

over the summer, my family contribution.

I
paid
for
my
own
books,

my
own
tools,
things
like
that.

But
without
ACESS
I

wouldn't be where I am today.'







This
program
comes
at
an
important
time
for
the
city
of
Boston.
Unemployment here is among the lowest in the nation and business leaders say they're
having a hard time finding qualified job applicants.

So the ACESS program is not
just good public relations. Business leaders, like Edward Philips, who is the chairman
of the ACESS program, say there's a bit of self-preservation involved.
believe this program will increase the flow of Boston residents into Boston businesses
and that, of course, is a self-serving opportunity.

If where you are has a supply of
qualified people to
enter managerial
and technical- professional
level
jobs,
that can't
be anything but a plus.
be
given
hiring
priority
over
other
job
applicants
by
the
participating
businesses.

College
student
Robert
Weaver
says
the
program
has
inspired
other
high
school
students to stay in school.


School,
and
I talked to
a senior class, the
general
assembly, and
I
was telling them
basically what I'm involved in, and basically, to get yourselves motivated and go look
for
those
ACESS
advisers.

They're
not
going
to
come
to
you
all
the
time.

You
have to get out there and get it if you want to take account for your own life, because
no one else is going to do it for you.

And that really pumped them up, and now that
they're aware, and they know that ACESS advisers are there, things will be a lot easier
for them.'





The business group is in the middle of a five- million-dollar fund drive.

Two
million
dollars
has
already
been
collected.
Thirty-two
of
Boston's
most
influential
corporations have already joined in, with twenty more soon to follow.

The program
has
drawn
the
praise
of
US
Education
Secretary
William
Bennett,
who
predicted
it
will become
a national
model.

For
National
Public Radio,
I'm
Andrew Kaffery in
Boston.

Lesson 4
Section One: News in Brief



Tapescript



1.
Another
American
has
been
kidnapped
in
West
Beirut.
Fifty-three-year-old
Frank
Reed
was
abducted
by
four
gunmen
this
morning.

Islamic
Jihad
claimed
responsibility, accusing Reed of being a spy.

The pro-Iranian group already holds at
least
three
other
Americans
and
three
Frenchmen.

Reed
is
the
Director
of
the
Lebanese
International
School.

He
is
a
native
of
Malden,
Massachusetts
and
has
lived in Lebanon for eight years.



2. A federal jury in Brooklyn, New York today indicted a Soviet UN employee on
charges of spying.

Gennadi, Zakharov is being held without bond, pending trial on
the
charges.

John
Kailish
has
more
from
New
York.


thirty-nine-year- old
Soviet physicist worked at the UN Center for Science and Technology until August
23rd
when
he
was
arrested
on
a
Queens
Subway
platform
for
allegedly
buying
military secrets from a college student.

It turned out that the student worked for the
FBI
and
was
known
by
the
code
name
'Berg.'
According
to
today's
indictment,
Zakharov
agreed
to
pay
Berg
for
information
involving
the
national
defense
of
the

United States. Berg, in turn, agreed to work for the Soviet Union for a period of ten
years.

The two met a total of four times, from April 1983 to August of 1986.

At
their final meeting, Zakharov allegedly gave Berg a thousand dollars.

Zakharov is
currently
being
held
in
a
federal
jail
in
Manhattan.

He
faces
life
in
prison
if
convicted on the espionage charges.'



3. The foreign editor of a news magazine recently banned in Chile has been found
shot
dead
near
a
cemetery
in
Santiago.

The
family
of
Jose
Carrasco
says
he
was
taken from his home by armed men who claimed to be police.

Carrasco's magazine,
Analisis,
has
been
banned
under
the
new
state
of
siege
imposed
in
Chile
after
an
attempt this weekend to assassinate President Augusto Pinochet.

Since the attempt,
police
have
been
rounding
up
opposition
leaders
although
the
den
the
arrested
Carrasco.



Section Two: News in Detail



Tapescript







In Chile, the military government held a rally today- in support of President
Augusto
Pinochet,
who
escaped
an
assassination
attempt
two
days
ago.

A
crackdown on opponents of his government continued in response to that attack.

A
journalist
for
an
opposition
magazine
was
found
dead.

His
family
and
colleagues
charge
he
had
been
kidnapped
yesterday
by
police.

Tim
Fosca
reports
now
from
Santiago.








Several
thousand
people
gathered
in
front
of
La
Moneda,
the
presidential
palace, for a rally in support of General Augusto Pinochet this afternoon.

Heavily
armed
soldiers
were
stationed
along
major
downtown
streets
for
the
demonstration,
which
is
celebrating
the
thirteenth
anniversary
this
week
of
the
military
takeover.

Hundreds
of
members
of
women's
charity
groups
passed
in
review
before
General
Pinochet
and
his
wife
Lucia.

The
head
of
state
appeared
physically
unaffected
by
his
close
call
Sunday
when
he
narrowly
escaped
assassination.

Hours
before
the
rally, Jose Carrasco, a thirty-eight-year-old editor at the opposition magazine Analysis
was found dead in a Santiago cemetery.

He had been shot ten times. Carrasco's wife
said he was roused from bed early Monday morning by men claiming to be police.

But
authorities
officially
denied
his
arrest.

Carrasco,
a
member
of
MIR,
the
revolutionary left movement, had been back in Chile only two years after eight years
in exile.

The bodies of at least two more murdered victims were also found today,
but
their
identities
have
not
yet
been
established.

Arrests
continued
in
the
second
day of the state of siege.

More leftist political figures were rounded op, bringing the
total number of detentions to twenty. The government has issued arrest
orders for a
number of others, some of whom are in hiding.

On the list is at least one member of
the
Chilean
Human
Rights
Commission.

A
spokesman
said
the
homes
of
Commission members in the provincial city of San Fernando were also raided, but no
members
were
at
home.

All
opposition
magazines
were
ordered
closed
yesterday,
including
the
Christian
democratic
weekly,
Hoy.

Under
the
last
state
of
siege
in
1984 and 85, Hoy was allowed to continue publishing.

The situation of five foreign
priests
and
one
local
lay
worker
detained
yesterday
remains
unresolved.

The

clergymen were accused of attacking police officers and carrying instructions on how
to make home-made bombs.

General Pinochet warned yesterday that human rights
advocates would have to be expelled.

For National Public Radio, this is Tim Fosca
in Santiago.


Section Three: Special Report
Tapescript




Fifty years ago, Henry Ford and his son Edsel, placed a modest amount of their
vast wealth into a charitable foundation. That was the common practice then and is
now
for
wealthy
Americans.

The

once
modest
foundation
has
grown
into
the
largest
general
purpose
charitable organization in
the world.

The Ford Foundation
has given away more than six billion dollars.

Its money has touched every aspect of
American life, touched the arts, science and
even public radio.

Warren Kozak has
this report.








A
symphony
orchestra
in
the
Midwest,
an
inner-city
building
project,
Africa's chronic food shortages.

These varied activities have one thing in common:
all
have
received
money
from
the
Ford
Foundation.

Just
off
New
York's
Forty- second Street, in the shadow of the United Nations, a modern building with a
huge
glass
wall
serves
as
the
world
headquarters
of
the
Ford
Foundation.
Besides
giving away money, the Foundation has always
attracted some of the country's best
minds.









'Well, I should tell you that I do not join any organization, including Ford
Foundation, unless it can satisfy two criteria.'








Former
Secretary
of
Defense,
World
Bank
President,
and
Ford
Board
member, Robert McNamara.










I
insist
that
it
be
an
organization
I
feel
some
capability
of
contributing to.

And, secondly,
I insist
it be an organization that can contribute to
me, that can stimulate my interest, enlarge my understanding of the world.

I should
say that it has been, I think the most interesting association of my life.









At
the
Foundation's
headquarters,
a
staff
of
more
than
three
hundred
people studies data from all over the world, spots trends and writes recommendations.

In
the
large
board
room,
the
directors
argue
the
merits
of
individual
requests
and
eventually decide who will get what part of the one hundred and twenty-five million
dollars that goes out every year.

If you think giving away that kind of money, is easy,
you're wrong. There is no question that today's Ford Foundation with a four
and a half billion-dollar endowment is a force of its own.

But it wasn't always that
way.

You see, back in 1936, there were just a few large foundations when Henry and
Edsel
started
their
small
project.
Their
original
contribution
was
only
twenty-five
thousand dollars and its main function was to help local charities in Michigan.

Then
in 1943, son Edsel died unexpectedly, followed four years later by his father.

And
the family lawyers had a huge problem on their hands. At the time of their deaths, the
Ford Motor Company was not a public corporation.

These two men owned most of
the stock and, for tax reasons, a great deal of it had to be disposed of and quickly.

There
was
only
one
logical
recipient
of
the
windfall.

So,
in
the
late
forties,
the
sleepy Michigan charity became, almost overnight, the largest foundation in the world.





The Third World development programs also continue to take a lot of heat from time
to time.

Millions of dollars have been poured into what seems to be a bottomless pit.

Some problems have been solved only to find new ones taking their place.

Robert
McNamara defends Ford's involvement there. He thinks Foundations offer something
that no one else is able to do, because without their research the government's foreign
aid would be wasted.





'It's
insane
to
put
as
much
money,
invest
as
much
money,
per
year
with
as
inadequate
an
intellectual
foundation
of
how
to
maximize
the
efficiency
of
those
investments.

And Africa is a perfect illustration of the problem.

Tens of billions of
dollars
are
being
invested
in
Africa
today.

They
need
more.

But,
despite
that
investment, the GNP growth per capita in the countries of Saharian Africa has been
negative, on average, for a decade. Food production per, capita has been negative, per
capita,
for
over
a
decade.

Why?

Who
knows?

Nobody
knows.

And
governments are too large; they're too rigid; they're too inflexible; they're too sensitive,
really, unable to
move as rapidly, and in
some ways,
as radically as is
necessary to
find the answer to that question.







This
year
the
Ford
Foundation
will
receive
about
nine
thousand
formal
requests
for
money.

All
of
the
letters
and
forms
will
be
looked
at;
some
will
be
studied more closely; and about twelve hundred lucky projects will receive anywhere
from a thousand dollars to several million to help them along the way.

I'm Warren
Kozak in Washington.


Lesson 5
Section One: News in Brief



1. The House began debate today on a three-year bill to combat trafficking and use
of
illegal
drugs.
The
measure
has
the
support
of
most
representatives
and
House
Speaker Thomas O

Neill says he expects it to pass by tomorrow. Among other things,
the
bill
would
increase
penalties
for
violators,
provide
money
to
increase
drug
enforcement
and
coast
guard
personnel,
and
require
drug
producing
countries
to
establish eradication programs as a condition of US support for development loans.



2.
A
cultural
exchange
between
the
US
and
the
Soviet
Union
may
face
an
American
boycott
unless
US
News
and
World
Report
correspondent,
Nicholas
Daniloff, is freed from a Moscow jail.

An American style town meeting is scheduled
to take place in Latvia next week, but the two hundred seventy Americans due to take
part say they won't go if Daniloff remains in jail.

They add the decision is a personal
one and is not being made by the Reagan Administration in retaliation for the Daniloff
detention.




3. Egyptian and Israeli negotiators have reached agreement on re solving the Taba
border
dispute,
clearing
the
way
for
a
summit
between
the
two
countries
to
begin
tomorrow.

Egyptian
President
Hosni
Mubarak
and
Israeli
Prime
Minister
Shimon

Peres will meet in Alexandria.

Details of the Taba agreement have not been made
available.

Section Two: News in Detail




Tapescript






The United States House of Representatives is debating an omnibus drug bill
and
expects
to
pass
the
measure
tomorrow.

Though
the
bill
has
attracted
strong,
bipartisan support, NPR's Cokey Roberts reports the debate on the issue points up the
differences between political parties.







When Congress returned from the Fourth of July recess, House Speaker Tip
O'Neill said there was only one thing members were talking about in the cloak- room:
drugs.

The
Democrats
quickly
pulled
together
chairmen
from
twelve
different
committees to draft a drug package.

Then, stung by criticism that they were acting
in a

partisan fashion, the Democratic leaders invited the Republicans to join them in
the newly declared war on drugs.

So, when the bill came to the House floor today,
the party leaders led off debate.

Texas Democrat Jim Wright,


'It's
time
to
declare
an
all-out
war,
to
mobilize
our
forces,
public
and
private,
national and local, in a total coordinated assault upon this menace, which is draining
our economy of some two hundred and thirty billion dollars this year, slowly rotting
away
the
fabric
of
our
society,
seducing
and
killing
our
young.

That
it
will
take
money is hardly debatable.

We can't right artillery with spitballs.
The
question
of
j
List
how
much
money
this
measure
will
cost
has
not
been
answered to the satisfaction of all members.

Democrats say it's one and half billion
dollars
over
three
years,
with
almost
seven
hundred
thousand
for
next
year.

Republicans
claim
the
price
tag
will
run
higher
and
are
trying
to
emphasize
other
aspects
of
the
drug
battle,
aspects
which
they
think
play
better
in
Republican
campaigns. Minority leader Robert Michel, 'The ultimate cure for the drug epidemic
must
come
from
within
the
heart
of
each
individual
faced
with
the
temptation
of
taking drugs.

It
is
ultimately
a problem of character, of
will power, of family
and
community, and concern, and personal pride.





Among other items, the bill before the House increases penalties for most drug
related
crimes,
sets
the
minimum
jail
term
of
twenty
years
for
drug
trafficking
and
manufacturing, authorizes money for the drug enforcement administration and prison
construction, beefs up the ability of the coast guard and customs service to stop drugs
coming into this country, and creates programs for drug education.






The various sections of the measure give House members ample opportunity
to
speak
on
an
issue
where
they
want
their
voices
heard.

Maryland
Democratic
Barbara McCulsky was nominated for the Senate yesterday. Today, she spoke to the
part of the bill which funds drug eradication programs in foreign countries.
fought yellow fever, we didn't go at it one mosquito at a time. We went right to the
swamp.

That's what the Foreign Affairs section of this legislation will do. It will go
to the swamps, or where cocaine is either grown, refined, or manufactured.







Republican Henson Moore is running for the Senate in Louisiana.

He spoke

to the part of the drug bill which changes the trade laws for countries which deal in
drugs.' We're moving to stop something; it's absolutely idiotic. It needs to be stopped:
this situation of where a country can sell legally to us on the one hand and illegally to
us under the table, selling drugs in this country poisoning our young people and our
population.

Section Three: Special Report
Tapescript







Today in China, in Nanjing, balloons, firecrackers and lion dancers mark the
dedication
of
the
Johns
Hopkins
University-Nanjing
University
Center
for
Chinese
and American Studies.

For the first time since World War II, Chinese and American
students
will
attend
a
graduate
institution
in
China
that
is
administered
jointly
by
academic organizations that are worlds
apart figuratively
and literally. NPR's Susan
Stanberg reports.








Cross- cultural
encounters
can
be
extremely
enriching;
cross-cultural
encounters can be utterly absurd.



qi-nian-qian, ... let's see, ... equal ... proposition equal'








Here's what that American was trying to say in Chinese.


score
and
seven
years
ago,
our
fathers
brought
forth
on
this
continent
a
new
nation ... a new nation conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all
men
are
created
equal.'
Now
you
don't
have
to
be
dealing
with
classic
American
oratory to run into problems.


In planning for the Center for Chinese and American Studies, there was much
debate as to whether the new auditorium on the Nanjing campus should have a flat or
sloped floor. If the floor were flat, the auditorium could be used for dances, for parties,
but
a
sloped
floor
would
be
better
for
listening,
for
viewing
films
and
slides.

argument finally won out that for practical reasons a flat floor would be best because
it ...
it
really
would
make
it
a
multi-purpose
room.

You
wouldn't
have
to
fix
the
furniture.'
Stephen
Muller
is
President
of
Johns
Hopkins
University,
the
US
end
of
this
Sino-American
joint
venture
in
learning.
So,
a
flat
floor
was
built.

Only
the
Chinese in building it finally ended up with a flat floor but at two different levels, one
higher than the other.

So, if you want to use it for - dances, you either have to have
very short women with very tall men or vice versa.'
Twenty-four
Americans,
and
thirty-six
Chinese
of
mixed
heights
are
the
first
students
at
the Hopkins-Nanjing Center.

Nanjing used to
be Nanking, by
the way,
back
in
the
days
when
Beijing
was
Peking.
The
Americans
will
take
classes
in
Chinese
history,
economics,
trade,
politics,
all
from
Chinese
faculty.

The
Chinese
will
study
the
US
with
American
university
professors.

Johns
Hopkins’
President
Stephen
Muller
says
this
is
advanced
study
work.
All
the
Chinese
students
are
proficient
in
English;
all
the
Americans-
have
master's
degrees
plus
fluency
in
Chinese.
The
twenty-four
Americans
come
from
about
eighteen
colleges
and
universities.
No
one
institution
in
this
country
produces
that
many
people
of
this
character; so that's a beginning.

Nanjing is not the place, the Center is not the place
to
go,
if
you
want
a
doctor
in
Chinese
history
or
Chinese
language
or
Chinese

literature or Whatever.

This is a pre-professional program.
and
women
who
spend
the
year
at
the
Nanjing
Center
will
end
up
as
diplomats
or
business people in one another's country.


'Our hope is that the Americans, to speak
about
those,
who
are

going
to
be
incidentally
rooming
with
Chinese
roommates,
which is a very interesting thing the Chinese agree to, that the Americans will


only bring a year of living in China, a year of having studied with Chinese faculty and
hearing the Chinese view of Chinese foreign policy in economics and, so on, that they
will also have the kind of friends among Chinese roughly their age who are going to
be
dealing
with
the
United
States.

That
will
slowly,
over
the
years,
create
a
real
work, if you will, of people who, because they've had this common experience, can
deal with each other very easily and, you know,

be
kind
of
a
rallying
point
-
an
old
boy,
old
girl
network,
as
it
were.'

Hopkins
President Muller admits that a simple exchange program - Chinese students coming to
the US, and American students going to China - would involve far fewer headaches
than running jointly an academic institution on foreign soil.

Plus the success of the
Hopkins-Nanjing
Center
depends
on
undependables,
like
continuing
sweet
Sino- American relations and being able to attract funding.

And there's this wrinkle.'

from or afterwards enter the intelligence community.

That it's really desirable that
people who do that have that kind of background.

We're very honest about that, but
it's so easy to denounce the whole thing as an espionage center, or something.

You
know,
there's
a
lot
of
fragility
in
this
thing.'
Stephen
Muller
is
President
of
Johns
Hopkins
University
in
Baltimore.

The
Hopkins-Nanjing
University
Center
for
Chinese and American Studies was dedicated today in China.

I'm Susan Stanberg.

'How do you say good luck in Chinese?'
'Don't know.

I don't know Chinese.'

'That's a phrase I should know.

Yes.'



Lesson6
Section One: News in Brief




Tapescript




1. The Senate has voted to override President Reagan's veto of sanctions against
South Africa by a decisive seventy-eight to twenty-one.

As the House has already
voted to override, the sanctions now become law.

NPR's Linda Wertheimer reports.




'American
civil
rights
leaders,
including
Mrs.
Caretta
Scott
King,
watched
the
Senate debate from the Senate family gallery as members argued not so much about
sanctions and the efficacy of sanctions, more about the choice between affirming the
bill already passed by Congress or supporting the President.'





2.
American
food
aid
to
southern
African
countries
could
be
cut
off
if
South
Africa carries out its threat to ban imports of US grain.
Foreign Minister Pic Botha

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