stereophonics2020年上海市奉贤区高考一模英语试题

2021年1月22日发(作者：典雅)

绝密★启用前

2020
年上海市奉贤区高考一模英语试题


考试范围：
xxx
；考试时间：
100
分钟；命题人：
xxx
题号

得分

一


二


三


四


五


六


七


八


总分


注意事项：

1
．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息

2
．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上


第
I
卷（选择题
)
请点击修改第
I
卷的文字说明


评卷人


得分


一、完形填空





Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees
and bush fires often kill trees, it would be


1


to assume that a combination of the two
would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption,



2


, as the recently-published
research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can


3


help
to make things better.
One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(
剥
) them of their bark(
树
皮
). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious


4


, set off to find out how much
worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up
a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in
which plots of land have been burned


5


, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology.
In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the
trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third
zone, by contrast, was actively


6


fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of
the same tree species, the marula(
马鲁拉树
), in all three zones. He picked marulas because
they are particular


7


of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by
elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he
and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to


8


from
each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they


9


the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To their


试卷第
1
页，总
12
页


10


, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of
trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their
lost


11


during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(
两年一次的
) burn
zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were


12


re-grew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds:
ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The
ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to


13


tissue
healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone
developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’
wounds by killing ants that might


14


colonize and damage them. Though such fires are
surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if
they are actually


15


to sick ones.
1
．
A
．
difficult
2
．
A
．
however
3
．
A
．
uniquely
4
．
A
．
phenomenon
5
．
A
．
equally
6
．
A
．
burnt with
7
．
A
．
participants
8
．
A
．
mark
9
．
A
．
regulated
B
．
reasonable
B
．
therefore
B
．
barely
B
．
evidence
B
．
regularly
B
．
protected from
B
．
partners
B
．
remove
B
．
checked
C
．
necessary
C
．
furthermore
C
．
actually
C
．
imagination
C
．
severely
C
．
covered by
C
．
victims
C
．
hit
C
．
healed
B
．
surprise
C
．
bark
C
．
started
C
．
impact
C
．
then
C
．
effective
D
．
awful
D
．
somehow
D
．
merely
D
．
assumption
D
．
purposely
D
．
exposed to
D
．
friends
D
．
measure
D
．
monitored
C
．
joy
D
．
relief
10
．
A
．
disappointment
11
．
A
．
vitality
12
．
A
．
controlled
13
．
A
．
disturb
14
．
A
．
therefore
15
．
A
．
beneficial


评卷人


B
．
height
B
．
prevented
B
．
promote
B
．
nevertheless
B
．
unbelievable
D
．
strength
D
．
boosted
D
．
quicken
D
．
otherwise
D
．
cruel
得分


二、阅读理解





There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although
slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her
试卷第
2
页，总
12
页


gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.
The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed
was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes,
huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a belt, her
mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the
rush of other shoppers.
The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on
the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find
something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled(
潦草地写
) on a
crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar. Clearly a person looking
for it knew a little about movies, about quality.
Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I
could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company
for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother,
who'd passed away the previous Christmas.
As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows,
action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and
casual conversation.
We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was
one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as
she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young
children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still
tapping her foot at the front of the store.
I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back
and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in
cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier ...
16
．
What does
A
．
She had a regular job in the store.
C
．
She wanted to buy a DVD
．

B
．
She wanted to ask for help.
D
．
She was thinking of what to buy.
17
．
What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?
A
．
The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.
B
．
The elderly woman liked movies for young children.
试卷第
3
页，总
12
页


C
．
The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.
D
．
The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.
18
．
While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ______.
A
．
hesitant
C
．
cautious
19
．
What is the main purpose of this passage?
A
．
To describe what a movie nut is like
B
．
To remind readers to spending more time accompanying family
C
．
To stress the importance of company and understanding.
D
．
To explore the key aspects of current parental-child relationship





As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest. It's a vague, pit-of-the-stomach
fear that sneaks up to you -- that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to
you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m., or when your dentist looks into your mouth
and says
Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to
concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety---
adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and
heart disease.
How to prevent anxiety then?
Meditate. Maybe you're just high-strung. If so, meditation(
冥想
) is worth a try. It
cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the
University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were
considerably less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically
calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.
Jog,walk, swim, or cycle. If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for
regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's
something repetitive like running or swimming laps.
Treatment?
Remember to breathe. When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too
shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming
effect. To make sure that you're breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm(
横膈
试卷第
4
页，总
12
页

B
．
casual
D
．
considerate

膜
), just below your rib cage(
胸腔
). Feel it rise with each inhalation(
吸气
) and fall with each
exhalation.
Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself
particular, am I afraid that I'll mess up?
miss your deadlines. Or maybe you're worried that you're blowing it whenever you present
your ideas in meetings. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with
deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a
real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public
speaking class.
20
．
Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?
A
．
Lower in concentration.
C
．
Heart racing.
B
．
No appetite.
D
．
High blood pressure.
21
．
According to the passage, what can be done to avoid anxiety?
A
．
Exercising regularly.
C
．
Breathing with the help of hands.
22
．
What is the last paragraph about?
A
．
Anxiety at work and its solutions.
C
．
The reason for someone's incompetence.





Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to
build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in
modern-day Sierra Le
one. One researcher called the work “a mind
-
blower.”

“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it's a first,” team member
Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post. “To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe
stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(
后裔
) communities... Through this
technology, they're able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to
Africa.”

The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where
enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recently found. DNA
taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende
people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra.
Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration,
试卷第
5
页，总
12
页

B
．
Keeping breath steady.
D
．
Adjusting the pace of life.
B
．
People's anxiety about their capabilities.
D
．
The function of public speaking class.

told The Post the discovery, based on saliva(
唾液
) absorbed into the clay pipe, was a
“mind
-
blower”. She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone
to
Annapolis, plied(
定期往来
) by British and American ships.
those slave ships in Africa,
from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity was lost. Their humanity is stripped
from. Who they are as a people has gone.”

The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of
the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors. Speaking to The Post,
Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of
enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the
discovery “overwhelming.” “I'm sitting here about ready to cry,” she said. “I'm sorry. I'm
so
happy ... Thank God for the DNA
．
”

This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the
arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Slavery was
effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the
Emancipation Proclamation. It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the
approval of the 13th amendment(
修正案
).
23
．
What does the phrase “a mind
-
blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to?

A
．
A surprise
C
．
An excitement
B
．
A confusion
D
．
A fascination
24
．
According to Hannes Schroeder, the pipe stem was of great significance because________.
A
．
it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa.
B
．
it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman.
C
．
it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities.
D
．
it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner.
25
．
What can be inferred from the passage?
A
．
The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa.
B
．
The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern.
C
．
African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation.
D
．
Nancy Daniels, a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research.
26
．
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A
．
DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslaved
试卷第
6
页，总
12
页


B
．
A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African woman
C
．
The descendants of enslaved people seek their identities
D
．
DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research


第
II
卷（非选择题
)
请点击修改第
II
卷的文字说明


评卷人


得分


三、语法填空

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form
of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ancient Myth---A Hit With Modern Audiences
This summer’s surprise hit at movie
theaters across China was the re-telling of the ancient
myth of Nezha. The animated film 27
．
(take) in over four billion yuan at the box office and
become one of the country’s most successful films ever. It proved that China could produce
animated films comparable to 28
．
produced in Hollywood and Japan.
The film, directed by Yang Y
u, was a massive undertaking(
任务
) from start to finish. He
spent two years writing the script(
剧本
) and three more years making a film which required the
efforts of 1,600 animators. But for Yang, it was a way to prove to himself that he 29
．
change his
fate and inspire others to change their fate as well.
“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career,” said Yang, “Since then
I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their
dreams.”

30
．
(convey) the message that “your fate is in your own hands,” Yang made some changes
to the original myth. Nezha was born a devil(
恶魔
),31
．
(fate) to cause mischief(
恶作剧
), but he
decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by
Ao Bing, the third son of the Dragon King.
32
．
the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad
guys, in Yang’s film, all of the characters are treated

with empathy, and even the “bad” people
are also victims of their fate,33
．
, actually, have the potential to change and become good.
Over the years, I have come across a few students labeled as “devils.” Although some
试卷第
7
页，总
12
页


misbehaved simply 34
．

they were not mature enough, others were trouble-making and
uncooperative when they were in a bad mood. Those students need to know they were not
doomed to be bad. As they grew up, they would have the power to change their circumstances.
If you have seen Nezha, you know 35
．
a terrific, entertaining film it is. But an important
lesson is also conveyed in the film36
．
we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly, so
as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate.


评卷人


得分


四、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used
only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Flood-
hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problems

Venetians(
威尼斯人
) are fed up with what they see as i
nadequate responses to the city’s
mounting problems: record-breaking flooding, environmental and safety threats from cruise
ship traffic and the burden on services from over-tourism.
They feel largely left to their own devices, with ever-fewer Venetians living in the historic
part of the city to37
．
its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.
The historic flooding this week ---marked by three floods over 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet)
and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters(6 feet, 1 inch)---has38
．
calls to create an
administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice, for both its concentration of treasures
and its39
．
vulnerability.
Flood damage has been40
．
estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros (dollars), but the
true range will only become clear with time. The frustration goes far beyond the failure to
complete and41
．
78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage
that Venice has42
．
this week. With the system not yet completed or even43
．
tested after 16
years of work and 5 billion Euros ($$5.5 billion) invested, many are suspicious it will even work.
At the public level, proposals for better administering the city including44
．
some level of
autonomy(
自制
) to Venice, already enjoyed by some Italian regions like Trentino- Alto-Adige
试卷第
8
页，总
12
页


with its German-speaking minority, or offering tax45
．
to encourage Venice’s repopulation.

Just 53,000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice, down by
a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1,000 people a year. That means fewer
people watching the neighborhood, monitoring for public maintenance46
．
or neighbors in need.
Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals,
which can make even a simple errand a hard journey.


评卷人


得分


五、六选四

Directions: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements
according to what you have just read.
The price of a piece of history
A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $$1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in
Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $$2,350.
What was so special about this lemon? 47
．

According to a handwritten note in ink
attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by
Washington's
Two thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father.
This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other
historical collectibles in recent years. 48
．

Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand
new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and
achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and
manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and,
increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private
museum in China.
49
．

For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to
prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as
letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help.

50
．

To
evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso
paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon
planted by George Washington is a different matter.
试卷第
9
页，总
12
页


Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no
comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman
nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $$3,000 to $$4,000, she says, by
researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had
appeared on the market.
Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $$3,000 to $$4,000, according to
description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says,
can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.
A
．
Stephen Hawking’s wheelchair fetched 296, 750 at a sale at Christie's in London last
November.
B
．
Yet determining potential values of such objects isn't easy.
C
．
It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon.
D
．
The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds.
E. The uniqueness of many of these objects further complicates efforts to put a value on them.
F. Therefore the unique value of many objects proved the worth of collection.


评卷人


得分


六、概要写作

51
．
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of
the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life
Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding
rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna,
marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively
absent, have quadrupled(
翻两番
) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least
700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was
undertaken in the 1960s.
The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants
generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance,
including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more
acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging
试卷第
10
页，总
12
页


impacts on shellfish in particular.
Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water
holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(
分层
), so there is less of the vital mixing
of oxygen-rich and oxygen- poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their
oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the
surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.
Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial
fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas,
it feeds algae(
藻类
) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.
The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to
tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better.

评卷人


得分


七、汉译英

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the
brackets.
52
．面对紧急情况时，他是多么的冷静啊！

(How)
53
．致力于保护濒临灭绝的海洋生物，人人有责。

(commit)
54
．看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜。
(can’t help)

55
．
当政府开始号召人们进行垃圾分类时，
人们才意 识到这是迈向保护环境的重要一步。
(Only)


评卷人


得分


八、提纲类作文

56
．
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions
given below in Chinese.
随着移动网 络的发展，各种手机
APP
应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许
多同学也因 此沉迷网络。现学生会发起一项清理手机
APP
的倡议，如果你只能从以下
四个
APPs
：
Wechat
，
Taobao
，
E-dict ionary
，
Glory of Kings (mobile game)
中保留两个，
你会如何选择，并说明理由。

_________ __________________________________________________ ________________
______________________________ _____________________________________________
试 卷第
11
页，总
12
页


__________ __________________________________________________ _______________
_______________________________ ____________________________________________
__ __________________________________________________ _______________________
_______________________ _____________________________________________
试卷第
12
页，总
12
页