2001考研英语答案解析

2021年1月22日发(作者：卜商)
2001
考研英语答案解析


【篇一：
2001
年考研英语真题和答案】

txt>section i structure and vocabulary

part a

directions:

beneath each of the following sentences, there are four
choices marked

[a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the one that best completes the
sentence. mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening
the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)

example:

i have been to the great wall three times ________ 1979.

[a] from

[b] after

[c] for

[d] since


the sentence should read, “i have been to the great wall three
times since 1979.” therefore, you should choose [d].

sample answer


[a] [b] [c] [■]

1. if i were in movie, then it would be about time that i
________ my head in my hands for a cry.

[a] bury

[b] am burying

[c] buried

[d] would bury

2. good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the
british

recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders
actually surrendered.

[a] to announce

[b] announced

[c] announcing

[d] was announced

3. according to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make
itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.

[a] would rather

[b] had to

[c] cannot but

[d] had best

4. she felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had
first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden,
nails red and pointed.

[a] had

[b] had had

[c] would have and

[d] has had

5. there was no sign that mr. jospin, who keeps a firm control
on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would
intervene personally.

[a] being resigned

[b] having resigned

[c] going to resign

[d] resign

6. so involved with their computers ________ that leaders at
summer computer camps often have to force them to break for
sports and games.

[a] became the children

[b] become the children

[c] had the children become

[d] do the children become

7. the individual tv viewer invariably senses that he or she is
________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a
huge and diverse audience.

[a] everything except

[b] anything but

[c] no less than

[d] nothing more than

8. one difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept
match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language
is lost or changed in meaning in translation.

[a] by

[b] in

[c] for

[d] with

9. conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so
much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but
lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.

[a] as

[b] which

[c] that

[d] what

10. church as we use the word refers to all religious
institutions, ________ they christian, islamic, buddhist, jewish,
and so on.

[a] be

[b] being

[c] were

[d] are

part b

directions:

beneath each of the following sentences, there are four
choices marked

[a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the one that best completes the
sentence.

mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the
corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)

example:

the lost car of the lees was found ________ in the woods off
the highway.

[a] vanished

[b] scattered

[c] abandoned

[d] rejected


the sentence should read. “the lost car of the lees was found
abandoned in the woods off the highway.” there fore, you
should choose [c]. sample answer


[a] [b] [■][d]

11. he is too young to be able to ________ between right and
wrong.

[a] discard

[b] discern

[c] disperse

[d] disregard

12. it was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at
the time of the robbery.

[a] coincidence

[b] convention

[c] certainty

[d] complication

13. one of the responsibilities of the coast guard is to make
sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.

[a] cautiously

[b] dutifully

[c] faithfully

[d] skillfully

14. the eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and
considerate of all indians but seems to be ________ the
welfare of his animals.

[a] critical about

[b] indignant at

[c] indifferent to

[d] subject to

15. the chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant
job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford
to employ.

[a] compelled

[b] posed

[c] pressed

[d] tempted

16. it is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the
social problems it is faced with ________.

[a] for long

[b] in and out

[c] once for all

[d] by nature

17. using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining
rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.

[a] conflict

[b] confrontation

[c] disturbance

[d] disharmony

18. the timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species
list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once
________.

[a] thrived

[b] swelled

[c] prospered

[d] flourished

19. however, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able
to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.

[a] overturn

[b] overtake

[c] offset

[d] oppress

20. because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a
medium; it is ________.

[a] firm

[b] company

[c] corporation

[d] enterprise

21. when any non-human organ is transplanted into a person,
the body immediately recognizes it as ________.

[a] novel

[b] remote

[c] distant

[d] foreign

22. my favorite radio song is the one i first heard on a thick
1923 edison disc i ________ at a garage sale.

[a] trifled with

[b] scraped through

[c] stumbled upon

[d] thirsted for

23. some day software will translate both written and spoken
language so well that the need for any common second
language could ________.

[a] descend

[b] decline

[c] deteriorate

[d] depress

24. equipment not ________ official safety standards has all
been removed from the workshop.

[a] conforming to

[b] consistent with

[c] predominant over

[d] providing for

25. as an industry, biotechnology stands to ________
electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social
impact by 2020.

[a] contend

[b] contest

[c] rival

[d] strive

26. the authors of the united states constitution attempted to
establish an effective national government while preserving
________ for the states and liberty for individuals.

[a] autonomy

[b] dignity

[c] monopoly

[d] stability

27. for three quarters of its span on earth, life evolved almost
________ as microorganisms.

[a] precisely

[b] instantly

[c] initially

[d] exclusively

28. the introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow
and arrow ________, particularly in western europe.

[a] obscure

[b] obsolete

[c] optional

[d] overlapping

29. whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe,
it is just ________ and needs proving.

[a] spontaneous

[b] hypothetical

[c] intuitive

[d] empirical

30. the future of this company is ________: many of its
talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based
businesses.

[a] at odds

[b] in trouble

[c] in vain

[d] at stake

【篇二：
2001
年考研英语阅读解析】


=txt>
第一篇

specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an
increasing accumulation of scientific

knowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller
units
，
one man could continue to handle the information and
use it as the basis for further research. but specialization was
only one of a series of related of scientific activity.


专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反 应。通
过将学科细化成小单元，人们能够继续处理这些不断膨胀的信息并
将它们作为深入研究的 基础。但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影
响交流过程的有关现象之一。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业 化。

no clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals
and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule.
specialization ( in the nineteenth century, with its consequent
requirement of a longer, more complex

training, )implied greater problems for amateur participation in
science. the trend was naturally most obvious illustrated in
terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom.


在科学领域内，专业人员与业余人员之间没有 绝对的区分：任何规
则都有其例外。但是
“
业余
”
这个词的确有含义 ：那就是所指的那个
人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，特别是，他可能并不完全认同这
个群体的 价值观。（长难句①）
19
世纪的专业化的发展，以及随之
而来的对训练的长期性和复 杂性的要求，对业余人员进入科学界造
成了更大的困难。这一趋势在以数学训练或实验室训练为基础的科
学领域里自然表现得最为突出，英国地质学的发展可以说明这一问
题（长难句②）。

research in their own righthave continued to pursue local
studies in the old way. the overall result has been to make
entrance to professional geological journals harder for
amateurs, (a result that has been reinforced by the widespread
consequence of this development, separate journals have now
appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur
readership. a rather similar process of differentiation has led to
professional geologists coming together nationally within one
or two specific

societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain
in local societies or to come together nationally in a different
way.


把英国最近一个半世纪的地质学刊物作一比较，人们发现，不仅研
究的重要性越来越 受到强调，而且学术论文的出版标准也在不断地
发生变化（长难句③）。因此，在
19
世纪，局部的地质学研究本身
就代表了一种有价值的科研；而到了
20
世纪，局部的研 究只有在包
含或考虑到更广阔的地质面貌时才越来越被专

业人员接受（佳句）。另一 方面业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部
的研究。结果是，业余人员更难在专业地质刊物上发表论文。这种
结果因为评审制度的引入表现得更突出。开始是
19
世纪国家级杂志
的引入， 后来是
20
世纪数家地方地质杂志的引入（长难句④）。这
样发展的必然结果是出现了 针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。
类似的分化过程也导致专业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性
的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方
式组成全国性的团体。

although the process of professionalization and specialization
was already well under way in british geology during the
nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed
until the twentieth century. in science generally, however, the
nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for
this change in the structure of science.


虽然职业化和专业化过程在
19
世纪的英国地质学界中己经开始形成，但是它的效果却延迟到
20
世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从科学这个
整体来看，< br>i9
世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期。

21. the growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be
more clearly seen in sciences such as _______.

[aj sociology and chemistry

[b] physics and psychology

[d] physics and chemistry

22. we can infer from the passage that _______.

[a] there is little distinction between specialisation and
professionalisation

[b] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of
science

[d] amateurs have national academic societies but no local
ones

23. the author writes of the development of geology to
demonstrate ______.

[a] the process of specialisation and professionalisation

[b] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study

[c] the change of policies in scientific publications

24. the direct reason for specialisation is _______.

[a] the development in communication

[b] the growth of professionalization

[c] the expansion of scientific knowledge


一、文章结构总体分析


这是一篇论述科学发展的专业化和职业化的文章。全文客观地描述
这一过程，并且以 英国地质学的发展为例说明专业化发展导致专业
人员和业余人员之间的分化越来越明显。


第一段：科学知识的积累导致知识的进一步分类和分化，即专业化
发展。与专业化发 展同时并存的另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。


第二段：专业化的发展给业余研 究者的进入带来了困难，这种趋势
在某些科学领域尤为突出。


第三、四段 指出：以英国地质学研究为例，说明专业人员和业余人
员之间分化越来越明显。而这种专
业化和职业化的分化过程早在
19
世纪英国的地质学领域就已经开始
形成。


二、试题具体解析

21. the growth of specialisation in the21. 19
世纪专业化的发展
在
____
科

19th century might be more clearly seen
学领域更为显见。

in sciences such as ____.

[a] sociology and chemistry[a]
社会学、化学

[b] physics and psychology [b]
物理学、心理学

[c] sociology and psychology [c]
社会学、

心理学

[d] physics and chemistry [d]
物理学、

化学


［答案］
d


［解析］本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题
+
常识。


文章第二段最后两句话指出，
“19
世纪专业化的发展要求时间更长、内容更复杂的培训，这使得非专业研究人员面临越来越大的困难。
这个趋势在以数学训练或实验室训 练为基础的科学领域显得更为突
出。
”
四个选项中涉及社会学、化学、物理学、心理学 四个学科。根
据常识，物理学、化学与地质学都是以数学和实验室培训为基础的
科学，而社会学 和心理学则不是。比较四个选项只有
d
选项
“
物理和
化学
”
是正确答案。

22. we can infer from the passage that ____. 22
．从文中，我们
可以推断出
_____
。

[a] there is little distinction between[
Ａ
]
专业化和职业化过程几
乎没有区别

specialisation and professionalisation

[b] amateurs can compete with professionals [
Ｂ
]
业余研究者
可以在某些科学领

in some areas of science
域与专业研究者相匹敌

[c] professionals tend to welcome amateurs[
Ｃ
]
专业人员倾向
于欢迎业余人员加入

into the scientific community
他们的科学团体

[d] amateurs have national academic societies[
Ｄ
]
非专业研究
人员拥有全国性的学术

but no local ones
机构，但是没有地方性的机构


［答案］
b


［解析］本题考核的知识点是：推理引申题。


文章第一段最后两句指出，
“
专业化仅仅是科学领域内影响交流过程
的一系列相关科学发展的现象之一，另一现象 是科学活动的日益职
业化。
”
由此可知，专业化和职业化是两个不同的过程，因而可排 除
a
选项；第二段最后一句指出
“
专业化的发展给业余研究者的进入带
来了困难，这种趋势在某些科学领域尤为突出
”
，其暗含的意思是在
另外一些领域非 专业人员可以和专业人员去竞争，
b
选项表达了此意，
是正确答案。在此基础上，第三 段更是举出英国地质学研究的例子
来说明专业人员与非专业人员出现的越来越明显的分化，因此Ｃ选项明显错误；
d
选项与第三段最后一句
“
业余人员有两种选择：或者呆在地方研究团体中，或者以另外一种方式在全国范围内联合
”
不符。

23. the author writes of the development 23
．作者提到地质学发
展的目的是为了

of geology to demonstrate .
说明
___.

[a] the process of specialisation and [
Ａ
]
职业化和专业化形成
的过程

professionalisation

[b] the hardship of amateurs in [
Ｂ
]
业余研究者在科学研究中碰
到的困难

scientific study