高考英语阅读理解二轮系列答案 (2)

2021年1月22日发(作者：萧殷)
陕西延安中学
2016
高考英语阅读理解二轮系列（
1
）答案

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A.B.C
和
D
项中，选出最佳选 项。

Mass
transportation
revised
the
social
and
economic
fabric
of
the
American
city
in
three
fundamental
ways.
It
catalyzed
physical
expansion,
it
sorted
out
people
and
land
uses,
and
it
accelerated
the
inherent
instability
of
urban
life.
By
opening
vast
areas
of
unoccupied
land
for
residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled
settled
regions
outward
two
to
four
times
more
distant
form
city
centers
than
they
were
in
the
premodern era.
In 1850,
for
example,
the
borders
of Boston
lay
scarcely
two
miles
from
the
old
business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could
afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping,
and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city
sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.
Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the
borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000
were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of
the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the
Chicago region in just thirty years
–
lots that could have housed five to six million people.

Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant,
land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion
related
to
the
growth
of
mass
transportation:
urban
sprawl
was
essentially
unplanned.
It
was
carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future
land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near
or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to
create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate
subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.

which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

[A] Types of mass transportation.
Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?

[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
ing to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?

[A] It was expensive.
It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,

[A] that is large.
that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.

Vocabulary











改变











结构

ze









催化，加速

out









把
……
分门别类，拣选

s









公共汽车
/
马车

y









（美）有轨电车，
（英）无轨电车

ery






周围，边缘











建筑物无计划延伸，蔓延，四面八方散开











小片土地

core






强调，在下面划横线

t lines






运输线路

ision






（出售的）小块土地，再划分小区

写作方法与文章大意

文章论述了
“
公共交通从三方面改变了城市的 社会和经济结构。
”
采用分类写法。
文章一开始就
提出三方面：第一，促进城 市实质性的扩展；第二，把人和土地分民别类加以利用；第三，
加速了城市生活的不稳定性。然后就是三 方面的具体内容。

答案详解

1.
D

公共交通 运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点
“
公共交通运输从三个根本方
面改变 了美国城市的社会和经济结构。
”
后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。

A.
公共交通运输类型。

B.
城市生活的不稳定性。

C.
供需如何决定土地利用。
这三项文中作
为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。

2.
C

说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“
举例说，
1850
年，波士顿市界离老
的商业地区几乎不到
2
英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至
10
英里。现在供得起的人们可以住
得很远 ，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐
”
。第七句，
“
举例 说，在
1890
至
1920
年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约
25 0
，
000
个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经
过同样这段时期，
市 区外，
但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，
又计划建造了
550
，
000< br>个住宅楼区。
”

A.
表示成长的正反两方面效果。
B.
举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。

D.
对比两者成长率；
都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。

3.
C

没有计划。见第二段第三句起
“
城市扩展蔓延根本 无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，
毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”

A.
太贵

和

B.
太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。
D.
它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。 这不是住
宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：
“
通过大量开发未
占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向 外
扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。
”

4.
C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段
“
这些购
买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶
层的 居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这
种过程的典型例子 。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。
”

A.
城市大。
B.
用作土地开发的样板。

D.
具有优越的公共的交通系统。



阅读理解

In today's throw-
away society
，
dealing with the city's growing mountain of waste is an increasing
challenge for the city council(
市议会
)
．

Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(
处理
)about 250,000 million tons of
waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner
—
largely through
encouraging recycling
—
its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to
deal with it.
The European Union(EU) has issued a new policy
，
regulating how such mountains of waste are to be
disposed five councils (Edinburgh
，
East Lothian, West Lothian
，
Midlothian and Borders) face
fines around
￡
18 million a year from 2013 if they don't increase recycling levels and rely less on
this in mind
，
the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant
(
垃圾焚烧厂
)to burn half of the waste produced in their this plan fell apart after the
change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than
25% of the city's waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.
After the plan was abandoned
，
a private company which already transported millions of tons of the
city's waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar
，
offered an alternative solution when it suggested
opening a huge waste site near Portobello.
Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015
，
it seemed necessary for the members of the
Edinburgh Council to accept the soon they turned it down
—
after 700 local objections
reached them
—
because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through
heavily populated areas.
That still leaves the council with a 2013
，
only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be
allowed to be sent to if recycling targets are met
，
there will still be a large amount of
rubbish to be burnt to this
，
Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work
together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.
回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。

但是，这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟 对于及
时解决废物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同时，他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。
1
．
The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.
A
．
recycling

C
．
burying

B
．
restoring
D
．
burning
答案：
A
。
细节判断题。
第二段中的信息词
“largel y through encouraging recycling”
可以断定选项
A
的说法是与原文保持一致的。

2
．
The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.
A
．
reduce the cost of burying waste

B
．
meet the EU requirements