高英第二册部分修辞整理及课后paraphrase答案

2021年1月22日发(作者：严源)


高英
2--
修辞汇总


Lesson2
1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict
building-lot. -----simile
2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink
back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.
-----alliteration
押头韵

3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of
flies. ----simile
4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or
two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted
over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile
5. The little crowd of mourners
–
all men and boys, no women
—
threaded their way across
the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing
a short chant over and over again.--
—
elliptical sentence
6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning
speed.
—
- hyperbole
7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of
them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.
-----transferred epithet

8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.
—
-synecdoche(
提喻
)
9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward
—
a long, dusty
column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry
, four or five thousand men in
all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron
wheels.
—
---onomatopoetic words symbolism
10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.
—
--elliptical sentence
11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the
forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of
reverence before a white skin.
—
-synecdoche
提喻


Lesson3
1. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just
glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor
3. … th
at suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a
focus. ----metaphor
4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor
5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor
The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been
broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a
concern.--
—
metaphor
6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor
8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk
sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm
反讽

9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each
other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts a
nd feelings.
-----simile
10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.
----
11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.
----
12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.
----
13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with
each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and
feelings.
—
-simile
14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy
15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and
floated to the ends of the earth.
—
simile
16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides
in conversation.
—
alliteration
17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness
of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.
—
--metaphor

Lesson4
1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is
little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split
asunder.
—
antithesis
2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up
inside.
—
metaphor
3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.
—
regression (
回
环
:A-B-C)
4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.
—
allusion
引典
; climax
递进

5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you
can do for your country.
—
antithesis, regression
回环

6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end
as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism
7. Let the word go forth from this time and pl
ace, to friend and foe alike….—
alliteration
8. Let every nation know
, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear
any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival
and the success of liberty. ----
–
parallelism; alliteration
9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is
little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.
----antithesis
对句

10. To those peoples in the
huts and villages of half the globe…
------


11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…
----


12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are
rich. -----antithesis
13. … to assist free men and free governmen
ts in casting off the chains of poverty.
---repetition

14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of
suspicion…
-----metaphor
15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems
which divide us. -----antithesis
let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of
its own house. -----metaphor
17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our
country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
-----extended metaphor
18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…
----metaphor
With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds…
-----parallelism

Lesson7
1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and
characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on
earth
—
and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it
reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.
—
metaphor;
hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis
2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination
—
and here were
human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley
cats.
—
hyperbole; antithesis
2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting
monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet
3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not
insult and lacerate the eye.
----hyperbole; double negatives (
双否
)
4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to
the Greensburg yards
，
and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not
one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives
5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.
—
litotes or
understatement
6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they
would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides
—
a chalet with a high- pitched roof, to
throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider
than it was tall.-
—
ridicule
（讽刺）

7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow
, low-pitched
roof. ----inversion (
倒装
)
8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides
they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor
what brick! -----ellipsis (
省略
)
10.
…, and so they have the most loathsome (
丑陋的
) towns and villages ever seen by
mortal eye (
人世间
). ---- hyperbole
11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony;
sarcasm
12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of
paint peeping through the streaks.
—
metaphor
13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope
or caring.
—
ridicule, irony, metaphor
14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.
—
irony
15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa
and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.
—
antonomasia (
换称：专有
名词指代一般名词
) or allusion
16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had
devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.
—
hyperbole, irony
17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.
—
irony
18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.
—
metaphor
19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.

20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette
----personification
21 …set like a dormer
-window on the si
de of a bare, leprous hill…
----- metaphor
22.

a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile
23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (
帕特农神庙
) would no doubt offend them.
---- antonomasia (
换称：专有名词指代一般名词
) or allusion
24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope
or caring. ----metaphor
25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had
devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony
26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of
mind. ----synecdoche (
提喻
)
27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the
honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them,
actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm
28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.
---irony

Lesson10
1
The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the
middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the
deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy
,of the brave
denunciationg of Puritan morality
,and of the fashionable experimentations
in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the
naughty
,jazzy parties,the flask-
toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic
vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug
-
store cowboy‖.—
transferred epithet
2
Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by
some
—
subconsciously if not openly
—
that our country was no longer
isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an
international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind
the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of
our two bordering oceans.
—
metaphor
3
War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for
our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship
to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for
success.
—
metaphor
4
The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian
social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of
mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after
theshooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the
destruction of an obsolescent nineteenthcentury society
.
—
metaphor
5
The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of
Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our
status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and
with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the
strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist
under foreign flags.
—
metonymy
6
Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the
war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country
,they were being
asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving
Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that
their fighting had‖made the world safe for democracy‖.—
metaphor
7
After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and
pens inflam
ed against war,Babbittry
,and‖Puritanical‖gentilit y
,should flock to
the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out
their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht
morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and
sensation.
—
metonymy synecdoche
8
Y
ounger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing
with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood
andChateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense
of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the
toys of vulgar rebellion.
—
metaphor
9
These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show
the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to
everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for
the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things
better.‖—
personification,metonymy ,synecdoche





练习答案

Lesson Two Marrakech
Paraphrase

1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds
of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was
going to be put up.




2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies
like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).




3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die
and are buried in graves without a name.




4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old- fashioned lathe, a carpenter
quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.



5. Immediately from their dark hole- like cells everywhere a great number of Jews
rushed out wildly excited.