《美国文学史》各章节知识点指南

2021年1月22日发(作者：杜鹤桂)


《美国文学史》各章节知识点指南

时间：
2011
年
2
月

使用教材：
《美国文学史》
（第二版）常耀信著

Chapter 1

Colonial America
★

1607 Jamestown, Virginia
：
the first permanent English settlement in America

★

1620 Plymouth, Massachusetts: the second permanent English settlement in America
★

Captain John Smith: the first American writer writing in English
★

Anne Bradstreet: the first American woman poet

















Major work: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)

















Contemplations (9) on P
. 17
（熟悉这首诗歌）


















To My Dear and Loving Husband
《致我亲爱的丈夫》

★

Philis Wheatley: the first black woman poet in American literature
★

Edward Taylor: the most famous poet in the colonial period
















Huswifery on P
. 19
（熟悉这首诗歌）

★

Roger Williams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience (1644)





















Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue
★

John Winthrop:
“
Model of Christian Charity
”
（
〈基督慈善之典范〉
）

The History of New England (two volumes, 1825, 1826)

(
〈新英格兰史〉
) 1630 --- 1649 in diary


★

Thomas Paine: Common Sense, The American Crisis, The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason
★

Philip Freneau: Poet of the American Revolution
















The Wild
Honeysuckle,
The
Indian Burying Ground,
The Dying Indian:
Tomo
Chequi

★

Charles Brockden Brown: the first important American novelist
























Wieland, Edgar Huntly, Ormond, Aurthur Mervyn
Chapter 2

Edwards, Franklin, Crevecoeur
the 18th century: Age of Reason and Enlightenment
Jonathan Edwards: America’s first systematic philosopher




















The Freedom of the Will, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Alm
anac
熟悉
37
页的引文

Hector St. John de Crevecoeur: Letters from an American Farmer
Chapter 3

American Romanticism, Irving, Cooper
Washington Irving: the first American writer to win international acclaim



The Sketch Book: Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
James Fenimore Cooper: Leatherstocking Tales (
五个故事的题目
)
























Natty Bumpo (
人物形象
)
Chapter 4

New England Transcendentalism, Emerson, Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature (the Bible and manifesto of New England Transcendentalism)


The
American Scholar (America’s Declaration of Intellectual

Independence)
Henry David Thoreau: Walden, or Life in the Woods
Chapter 5

Hawthorne, Melville
Nathaniel
Hawthorne:
The
Scarlet
Letter,
Twice-Told
Tales,
The
House
of
the
Seven
Gables,

















The Blithedale Romance, The Marble Faun, Young Goodman Brown
Herman Melville: Moby Dick, Omoo, Mardi, Redburn, White Jacket, Pierre
Chapter 6

Whitman, Dickinson
Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass; free verse; Song of Myself
Emily Dickinson: Of the 1775 poems, only 7 poems were published in her lifetime.

熟悉教材中
98
至
102
页所选的诗歌

Chapter 7

Edgar Allan Poe
★

Edgar Allan Poe: The Fall of the House of Usher, The Philosophy of Composition, The Poetic
Principle, The Raven
，
To Helen
熟悉教材中
107
页所选的
The Raven
中的部分诗行

Chapter 8

The Age of Realism, Howells, James
William Dean Howells: The Rise of Silas Lapham, Criticism and Fiction
Henry James: important writings listed on P
. 125















the international theme
Chapter 9

Local Colorism, Mark Twain
Hamlin Garland: Crumbling Idols, Veritism (
真实主义
)
Bret Harte: The Luck of Roaring Camp
Mark Twain:
主要作品
, vernacular literature, colloquial style
Harriet Beecher Stowe
斯托夫人
& her Uncle Tom
’
s Cabin
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》

Louisa May Alcott
路易莎·梅·奥尔科特
& her Little Women
《小妇人》

Kate Chopin
凯特·肖班
& her The Awakening
《觉醒》

Chapter 10

American Naturalism, Crane, Norris, Dreiser, Robinson
Stephen
Crane:
Maggie:
A
Girl
of
the
Streets
(the
first
naturalistic
novel
in
American

















literature), The Red Badge of Courage (the first anti-war novel in American literature),













Famous short stories: The Open Boat, The Bride Comes to the Yellow Sky
Frank Norris: The Octopus, McTeague
Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, the Desire Trilogy, The Genius
Edwin Arlington Robinson: Richard Cory
Jack London: The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea Wolf, Martin Eden
O. Henry (William Sidney Porter): famous for his short stories such as The Gift of the Magi
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle, the Muckraking Movement
Chapter 11

The 1920s, Imagism, Pound
The first American Renaissance: the first half of the 19th century
The second Renaissance: the 1920s
The three principles of the Imagist Poetry
熟悉四首意象派诗歌：
In a Station of the Metro, Oread, The Red Wheelbarrow, Fog,
并会分析
其中的第一和第四首

Ezra Pound: The Cantos, Hugh Selwyn Mauberley
Chapter 12

T. S. Eliot, Stevens, Williams
T. S. Eliot: The Waste Land
（五个部分的题目）
, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
其他主要作品

founder of New Criticism: depersonalization, objective correlative
William Carlos Williams: Paterson
Chapter 13

Frost, Sandburg, Cummings, Hart Crane, Moore
★

Robert Frost: New England poet, lyrical poet, the unofficial poet laureate, won the Pulitzer
Prize four times















The
Road
Not
Taken
(
熟悉此诗
),
Stopping
by
Woods
on
a
Snowy
Evening,
Mending Wall, Apple-picking <<
摘苹果
>>
Carl Sandburg: Fog, The Harbor (two famous Imagist poems)
E. E. Cummings: the most interesting experimentalist in modern American poetry
Hart Crane: The Bridge
Chapter 14

Fitzgerald, Hemingway
★

F. Scott Fitzgerald: the spokesman of the Jazz Age



















The Great Gatsby
Ernest Hemingway: Hemingway hero with “grace under pressure”, the iceberg principle

“
I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven- eights of it under water for
every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg.
It is the part that doesn
’
t show.
”冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为它只有八分 之一在水面上。
水底的部分占整座冰山的八分之七。

主要作品





















The Old Man and the Sea won him the 1954 Nobel Prize for literature.

Chapter 15

The Southern Renaissance, William Faulkner
William Faulkner: Yoknapatawpha County (his fictional kingdom)
主要作品（见教材）

Chapter 16

Anderson, Stein, Lewis, Cather, Wolfe
Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio, colloquial style
Gertrude Stein: The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, Three Lives
















“You are all a lost generation.” (To Hemingway)

Sinclair Lewis: the first American author to win the Nobel Prize for literature (in 1930)
















Main Street, Babbit
Willa Cather: My Antonia
Thomas Wolfe: Look Homeward, Angel
Chapter 17

The 1930s, Dos Passos, Steinbeck
John Dos Passos: U. S. A.

John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath (Joad family); Nobel Prize for literature in 1962 and Pulitzer
Prize winner for fiction
Chapter 18

Porter, Welty, McCullers, West, The New Criticism
Katherine Anne Porter: The Flowering Judas, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Eudora Welty: Death of a Traveling Salesman
Carson McCullers: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Ballad of the Sad Café
Nathanael West: Miss Lonelyhearts
Chapter 19

American Drama
★

Eugene O
’
Neill: America
’
s greatest playwright so far, Pulitzer Prize winner four times, Nobel
Prize Winner in 1936,
美国戏剧之父



















The Emperor Jones, The Hairy Ape
★

Susan Glaspell: mother of American drama



Trifles