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全国大学四级模拟考试(除听力)

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2021-01-22 19:07
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葡萄酒的做法-储时健

2021年1月22日发(作者:上官仪)




















Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
short
essay
on
Should
Parents
Send Their Kids to Art
Classes? You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?
1.
现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班

2.
对这种做法有人表示支持,也有人并不赞成

3.
我认为
……

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a
list of choices given in a
word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before
making
your
choices.
Each
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified
by
a
letter.
Please
mark
the
corresponding letter
4 / 9
for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the
words in
the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to
speak only English, and
not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good 26 , their advice to
families is
misguided, and it 27 from misunderstandings about the process of language acquisition. Educators
may fear that
children
hearing
two
languages
will
become
28
confused
and
thus
their
language
development
will be 29 ,
this concern is not documented in the literature. Children are capable of learning more than one
language, whether
30
or
sequentially(
依次地
).
In
fact,
most
children
outside
of
the
United
States
are
expected
to
become bilingual or
even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an 31
and even a
necessity in many areas.
It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given
primarily to poor families
with
limited
educational
opportunities,
not
to
wealthier
families
who
have
many
educational
advantages. Since children
from
poor
families
often
are
32
as
at-risk
for
academic
failure,
teachers
believe
that
advising
families to speak
English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two languages to be too 33 for children
-
from poor families,
believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations.
If
families
do
not
know
English
or
have
limited
English
skills
themselves,
how
can
they
communicate in English?
Advising
non- English-speaking
families
to
speak
only
English
is
34
to
telling
them
not
to
communicate with or
interact with their children. Moreover, the 35 message is that the family's native language is not
important or
valued.
A) asset
B) delayed
C) deviates
D) equivalent
E) identified
F) intentions
G) object
H) overwhelming
I) permanently
J) prevalent
K) simultaneously
L) derives
M) successively
N) potential
O) visualizing
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions
by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
There’s Gold in Them there Landfills

[A]. In the movie WALL E, humankind has left Earth in a bit of a mess. The planet is choked with
garbage and all the
people have shipped out, leaving robot WALLE to clean the place up and make it habitable again.
Things may not
be quite that bad yet, but
there's no doubt that we
produce a huge amount of waste. Even with
increased recycling,
landfill sites are filling up by the day and -in the absence of a plucky robot - the waste experts of
planet Earth are
working on the next best thing: landfill mining.
[B]. The idea is simple. Instead of disappearing under mountains of our own waste, while paying
through the nose for
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diminishing commodities, why not dig up and recycle what we have already thrown away?
[C].
Next
week,
industry
experts
will
gather
in
London
for
the
first
global
landfill
mining
conference. Bringing together
5 / 9
environmental scientists, economists and landfill operators, the one-day meeting promises to show
delegates how to
turn waste into
[D].
Landfill
mining
has
been
tried
before.
The
first
scheme
began
in
1953
at
Hiriya
garbage
dump outside Tel Aviv,
Israel, and aimed to reclaim fine-particle waste rich in
minerals
to improve soil quality at local
fruit farms. The
landfill closed in 1998, but the recycling plant that remains on the site still produces soil improver
from green waste.
Then during the 1960s and 1970s, a handful of sites in the US began separating waste to recycle
the steel and to
compost food scraps. In the late 1980s, a pilot programme was set up to extract recyclables from a
small,
community landfill in the town of Edinburg, New York, and burn the solid leavings to generate
energy. This pilot
proved uneconomical but during the oil price rising of the 1990s interest in the economic value of
waste soared.
Investors claimed to snap up
scrap metal companies, only for the price of commodities to drop
through the floor in
the mid-1990s.
[E].
Yet
now
that
commodities
prices
are
rising
once
more,
environmental
issues
are
high
on
everyone's list of priorities
and
land
prices
are
increasing,
every
square
kilometre
is
worth
too
much
to
use
for
landfill.
Raiding the dump seems
like
a
good
idea
again.
This
time
the
prospects
are
more
promising.
Thanks
to
a
decade
of
innovation by the
recycling industry, the technology to process landfill waste is more readily available.
[F]. So what's in a landfill worth recycling? For a start, the average landfill is filled with valuable -
and sometimes even
precious - metals. Aluminium, from drinks cans, is just one example. According to Patrick Atkins,
environmental
consultant for private equity fund Pegasus Capital Advisors, and until recently director of energy
innovation at US
aluminium producer Alcoa, Americans throw away 317 aluminium cans every second of every day.
Around half of
these, totalling 680,000 tonnes of aluminium each year, dodge the recycling basket and end up in
landfill. Given
that the cost of aluminium peaked at $$2700 per tonne in July this means America is burying up to
$$1.83 billion
worth of metal per year. Atkins estimates that there is now more aluminium in US landfills than
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-
can be produced
from ores globally in one year. And it's not only aluminium that is hiding down there with the used
diapers and
grocery bags. One tonne of scrap from discarded PCs contains more gold than can be produced
from 16 tonnes of
ore, he says. And the world throws away 18 million tonnes of electronic waste each year.
[G]. Nowadays it is relatively easy to separate the metal you want from the junk you don't using
recycling technologies.
Eddy current magnets, for example, can avert aluminium and other metals from a flowing stream
of waste. Plastic,
too, is becoming easier to pick out. Rather than the more expensive process of doing it by hand,
some plastic sorting
plants are now using some scanners, which sort different types based on the spectrum of light they
absorb. And
since
rising
prices
are
making
oil
seem
like
an
expensive
raw
material
to
produce
plastics,
recycling existing plastic
from landfill seems sensible.
[H]. Metals and plastics are only part of it, says William Hogland, an environmental engineer at
the University of
Kalmar in Sweden. All that smelly food and other organic waste rots down sooner or later. And as
the TelAviv
project discovered back in the 1950s, even this can be worth digging up.
[I].
and for lawn
improvement,
of the coarse
earth fraction - containing particles greater than 50 millimetres across - yields between 6 and 10
megajoules(
兆焦
)
of
energy,
Hogland
says,
and
the
average
Swedish
landfill
has
40
million
tonnes
of
the
stuff.
Burning that waste is a
controversial idea because of toxins that may be released in the process. But, Hogland says, thanks
to new
technology for cleaning flue gases, Sweden is building new incinerators(
焚烧炉
) to provide heat
and light for local
communities.
[J]. So if landfill sites are, sometimes literally, gold mines, why aren't companies tearing into them
already? For its part,
Alcoa has invested heavily in stopping as many cans as it can from reaching a landfill, but has
stopped short of
digging
them
up
again.

not
something
we
are
doing
at
this
point,
said
Alcoa
spokesman
Kevin Lowery.
thought it was the most efficient thing, we'd do it.
[K]. Part of the reason for this is that while aluminium can be recycled at a fraction of the cost of
producing it from ore,
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6 / 9
and using 94 per cent less energy, that's only the case once you have collected the cans. Getting
them out of landfill
is
more
expensive
than
buying
aluminium
directly
from
a
recycling
plant.
Plus
no
two
landfill
sites are the same.
Each has a different blend of useful materials, mixed with all kinds of less useful or dangerous
materials. And when
you consider that companies would likely want to mine more than one site, covered perhaps by
different state or
national regulations, it starts to look like too much trouble.
[L]. Reid
Lifset, an industrial ecologist at Yale University who has investigated the prospect of
extracting copper from
landfills, has come to a similar conclusion.
generally not
economically feasible,
reduction in
regulatory
costs,
generally
did
not
outweigh
the
costs.
In
other
words,
there
may
be
a
lot
of
copper buried in
landfills, but if copper is your thing, a huge mine with gigantic equipment makes more sense than
picking your way
through several different landfill sites.
[M]. Advocates of landfill mining argue that with more imagination and a sober assessment of the
true cost of burying
rubbish,
there
is
a
reasonable
economic
case
for
landfill
mining.
He
and
his
colleagues
have
calculated that
reclaiming sites in the Baltic region alone could generate billions of euros from various revenue
streams. Rather
than approaching landfill mining with one outcome in mind, Hogland says, you have to look at the
overall
advantages, including environmental services like protecting water quality.
36. Eddy current magnets are used to separate metals from the waste.
37. The pilot programme in the 1980s was found to be inefficient.
38. The controversy over waste burning is that it may release poisonous substances.
39. The purpose of the garbage dump in Israel was to recover the mineral fine- particle.
40. As the landfill sites are filling up, the waste experts are trying to put effort into landfill mining.
41. It is estimated that the aluminum American throw into landfill every year totally is worth 1.83
billion.
42. The benefits from landfill mining may not outweigh the costs.
43. Digging metals up from the dump is not the most efficient thing.
44. The prospects of digging up the dump are now more promising because the waste recycling
technology has been
improved.
45.
Advocates
of
landfill
mining
believe
that
if
planned
with
more
imagination
and
sober
assessments, landfill mining
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葡萄酒的做法-储时健


葡萄酒的做法-储时健


葡萄酒的做法-储时健


葡萄酒的做法-储时健


葡萄酒的做法-储时健


葡萄酒的做法-储时健


葡萄酒的做法-储时健


葡萄酒的做法-储时健



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