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大学英语四级考试样题及答案

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2021-01-22 19:16
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最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线

2021年1月22日发(作者:蓝廷芳)







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CET4
试点考试样卷(一)



Part


Writing

30 minutes




注意:此部分试题在答题卡
1
上。



Part


Reading Comprehension

Skimming and Scanning



15 minutes




Directions


In
this
part


you
will
have
15
minutes
to
go
over
the
passage
quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.


For questions 1-7


mark


Y

for YES


if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;


N

for NO


if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;


NG

for NOT GIVEN


if the information is not given in the passage.


For questions 8-10


complete the sentences with the information given in the
passage.


Landfillswww.


考试就到考试大



You have just finished
your meal
at
a fast
food restaurant
and
you throw
your
uneaten food


food wrappers


drink cups


utensils and napkins into the trash can.
You don

t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood


you push your can out to the curb


and workers dump the contents into a big truck
and haul it away. You don

t have to think about that waste again


either. But maybe
you have wondered


as you watch the trash truck pull away


just where that garbage
ends up.


Americans
generate
trash
at
an
Astonishing
rate
of
four
pounds
per
day
per
person; which translates to 600

000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year


This
is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens
to this trash


Some gets recycled
(回收利用)

or recovered and some is burned


but the majority is buried in landfills.


How Much Trash Is Generated




Of the 210 million tons of trash


or solid waste


generated in the United States
annually


about 56 million tons


or 27 percent


is either recycled

glass


paper
products


plastic


metals


or composted
(做成堆肥)


yard waste



The
remaining trash


which is mostly unrecyclable


is discarded.


How Is Trash Disposed of




The
trash
production
in
the
United
States
has
almost
tripled
since
1960.
This
trash
is
handled
in
various
ways.
About
27
percent
of
the
trash
is
recycled
or
composted


16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of
trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere
in the middle of the major countries

United Kingdom


Canada


Germany


France
and Japan


in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest


burying about
90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.


What Is a Landfill




There are two ways to bury trash




Dump

an
open
hole
in
the
ground
where
trash
is
buried
and
that
is
full
of
various animals

rats


mice


birds




This is most people

s idea of a landfill











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Landfill

carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which
trash is isolated from the surrounding environment

groundwater


air


rain



This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.


Sanitary
landfill

land
fill
that
uses
a
clay
liner
to
isolate
the
trash
from
the
environment


Municipal solid waste

MSW

landfill

landfill that uses a synthetic

plastic


liner to isolate the trash from the environment


The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated
from groundwater


will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these
conditions


trash will not decompose
(腐烂)

much. A landfill is not like a compost
pile


where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.


Proposing the Landfill


For
a
landfill
to
be
built


the
operators
have
to
make
sure
that
they
follow
certain steps. In most parts of the world


there are regulations that govern where a
landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone
proposing the landfill.


In
the
United
States


taking
care
of
trash
and
building
landfills
are
local
government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill


an
environment impact


study must be done on the proposed site to determine




the area of land necessary for the landfill


the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock


the flow of surface water over the site


the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife


the historical value of the proposed site


Building the Landfill


Once the environmental impact study is complete


the permits are granted and
the
funds
have
been
raised


then
construction
begins.
First


access
roads
to
the
landfill
site
must
be
built
if
they
do
not
already
exist.
There
roads
will
be
used
by
construction equipment


sanitation
(环卫)

services and the general public. After
roads have been built


digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill


the
landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.


What Happens to Trash in a Landfill




Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill


there
is
little
oxygen
and
little
moisture.
Under
these
conditions


trash
does
not
break
down
very
rapidly.
In
fact


when
old
landfills
have
been
dug
up
or
sampled


40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not
designed to break down trash


merely to bury it. When a landfill closes


the site


especially the groundwater


must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years




How Is a Landfill Operated




A
landfill


such
as
the
North
Wake
County
Landfill


must
be
open
and
available
every
day.
Customers
are
typically
municipalities
and
construction
companies


although residents may also use the landfill.


Near the entrance of the landfill is
a recycling center where residents can drop

最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线


最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线


最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线


最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线


最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线


最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线


最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线


最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线



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