最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
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CET4
试点考试样卷(一)
Part
Ⅰ
Writing
(
30 minutes
)
注意:此部分试题在答题卡
1
上。
Part
Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension
(
Skimming and Scanning
)
(
15 minutes
)
Directions
:
In
this
part
,
you
will
have
15
minutes
to
go
over
the
passage
quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7
,
mark
Y
(
for YES
)
if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N
(
for NO
)
if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG
(
for NOT GIVEN
)
if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10
,
complete the sentences with the information given in the
passage.
Landfillswww.
E
考试就到考试大
You have just finished
your meal
at
a fast
food restaurant
and
you throw
your
uneaten food
,
food wrappers
,
drink cups
,
utensils and napkins into the trash can.
You don
‘
t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood
,
you push your can out to the curb
,
and workers dump the contents into a big truck
and haul it away. You don
’
t have to think about that waste again
,
either. But maybe
you have wondered
,
as you watch the trash truck pull away
,
just where that garbage
ends up.
Americans
generate
trash
at
an
Astonishing
rate
of
four
pounds
per
day
per
person; which translates to 600
,
000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year
!
This
is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens
to this trash
?
Some gets recycled
(回收利用)
or recovered and some is burned
,
but the majority is buried in landfills.
How Much Trash Is Generated
?
Of the 210 million tons of trash
,
or solid waste
,
generated in the United States
annually
,
about 56 million tons
,
or 27 percent
,
is either recycled
(
glass
,
paper
products
,
plastic
,
metals
)
or composted
(做成堆肥)
(
yard waste
)
。
The
remaining trash
,
which is mostly unrecyclable
,
is discarded.
How Is Trash Disposed of
?
The
trash
production
in
the
United
States
has
almost
tripled
since
1960.
This
trash
is
handled
in
various
ways.
About
27
percent
of
the
trash
is
recycled
or
composted
,
16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of
trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere
in the middle of the major countries
(
United Kingdom
,
Canada
,
Germany
,
France
and Japan
)
in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest
,
burying about
90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.
What Is a Landfill
?
There are two ways to bury trash
:
Dump
—
an
open
hole
in
the
ground
where
trash
is
buried
and
that
is
full
of
various animals
(
rats
,
mice
,
birds
)
。
(
This is most people
‘
s idea of a landfill
!
)
免费?宅在家学英语?怎么报名?
Landfill
—
carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which
trash is isolated from the surrounding environment
(
groundwater
,
air
,
rain
)
。
This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
Sanitary
landfill
—
land
fill
that
uses
a
clay
liner
to
isolate
the
trash
from
the
environment
Municipal solid waste
(
MSW
)
landfill
—
landfill that uses a synthetic
(
plastic
)
liner to isolate the trash from the environment
The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated
from groundwater
,
will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these
conditions
,
trash will not decompose
(腐烂)
much. A landfill is not like a compost
pile
,
where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.
Proposing the Landfill
For
a
landfill
to
be
built
,
the
operators
have
to
make
sure
that
they
follow
certain steps. In most parts of the world
,
there are regulations that govern where a
landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone
proposing the landfill.
In
the
United
States
,
taking
care
of
trash
and
building
landfills
are
local
government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill
,
an
environment impact
study must be done on the proposed site to determine
:
the area of land necessary for the landfill
the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock
the flow of surface water over the site
the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife
the historical value of the proposed site
Building the Landfill
Once the environmental impact study is complete
,
the permits are granted and
the
funds
have
been
raised
,
then
construction
begins.
First
,
access
roads
to
the
landfill
site
must
be
built
if
they
do
not
already
exist.
There
roads
will
be
used
by
construction equipment
,
sanitation
(环卫)
services and the general public. After
roads have been built
,
digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill
,
the
landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.
What Happens to Trash in a Landfill
?
Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill
,
there
is
little
oxygen
and
little
moisture.
Under
these
conditions
,
trash
does
not
break
down
very
rapidly.
In
fact
,
when
old
landfills
have
been
dug
up
or
sampled
,
40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not
designed to break down trash
,
merely to bury it. When a landfill closes
,
the site
,
especially the groundwater
,
must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years
!
How Is a Landfill Operated
?
A
landfill
,
such
as
the
North
Wake
County
Landfill
,
must
be
open
and
available
every
day.
Customers
are
typically
municipalities
and
construction
companies
,
although residents may also use the landfill.
Near the entrance of the landfill is
a recycling center where residents can drop
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
最远的地方-武昌工学院分数线
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