-
状语从句
（
Adverbial Clause
）
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修
饰谓语、
非谓语动词、
定语、
状语或整个句子。
根据其作用可分为时间、
地点、
原因、
条件 、
目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词
(
从属连词
)
引导，也可以由词
组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用 逗号隔开。
状语从句的种类
状语从句可分为：
1.
时间状语从句
；
(adverbial
clause
of
time)
2.
地点状语从句；
(adverbial
clause
of
place)
3.
原因状语从句；
(adverbial
clause
of
cause)
4.
条件状语从句
；
(adverbial
clause
of
condition)
5.
目的状语从句；
(adverbial
clause
of
purpose)
6.
让步状语从句
；
(adverbial
clause
of
concession)
7.
比较状语从句；
(adverbial
clause
of
comparison)
8.
方式状语从句；
(adverbial
clause
of
manner)
9.
结果状语从句。
(adverbial
clause
of
result)
[
编辑本段
]
状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语 动词一般用
“
一般现在时
”
表示
“
一般将
来时”
，用
“
现在完成时
”
表示
“
将来完成时”
。例如：
I
will
call
you
as
soon
as
I
arrive
in
Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话。
（这
是由
as
soon
as
引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词
arrive
是一般现在时，表
示一 般将来时，决不可用
will
arrive
）
As
soon
as
I
have
finished
this
work,
I
will
go
home.
我一完成此工作，
就回
家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时
have
finished
，表示将来完成时
,
决不可用
wil
l
have
finished
）
If
he
comes
back,
please
let
me
know.
如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的
谓语动词用
comes
back,
表示一般将来时，决不可用
will
come
back
）
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、
介词 短语
、
动词不定式
、
分词和从句等担当。例如：
1.
Naturally
,
our
grandparents
were
pleased
to
get
our
phone
call
.
(
副词
)
2.
We
worked
hard
,
from
sunrise
to
sunset
.
(
介词状短语
)
3.
To
help
my
disabled
aunt
,
I
spend
an
hour
working
in
her
house
every
day
.
(
不定式
)
4.
Seen
from
a
distance
,
the
farmhouse
looked
deserted
.
(
过去分词
)
5.
I
know
how
to
light
a
camp
fire
because
I
had
done
it
before
.
（原因状
语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。
enough
用作状语 修饰形容
词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来 修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、
地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比 较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从
句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句 的关键是要掌握引导
不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下
:
1
．
时间状语从句
常用引导词：
when,
as,
while,
as
soon
as,
before,
after,
since
,
till,
until
特殊引导词：
the
minute,
the
moment,
the
second,
every
time,
the
day
，
the
instant,
immediately
,
directly,
no
sooner
…
than,
hardly
…when,
scarcely
…
w
hen
I
didn’t
realize
how
special
my
mother
was
until
I
became
an
adult.
While
John
was
watching
TV,
his
wife
was
cooking.
The
children
ran
away
from
the
orchard(
果园
),
the
moment
they
saw
the
g
uard.
No
sooner
had
I
arrived
home
,then
it
began
to
rain.
Every
time
I
listen
to
your
advice,
I
get
into
trouble.
2
．
地点状语从句
常用引导词：
where
特殊引导词：
wherever,
anywhere,
everywhere
Generally,
air
will
be
heavily
polluted
where
there
are
factories.
Wherever
you
go,
you
should
work
hard.
地点状语从句
§4
地点状语从句
(adverbial
clause
of
place)
地点状语从句一般由连接副词
where,
wherever
等引导，
已经形成了固定的句型，
例如：
句型
1
：
Where
＋地点从句， （
there
）＋主句。
【注意】此句型 通常译成
“
哪里
……
哪里就
……”
；主句在从句后面时，< br>there
可用可
不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用
there。例如：
Where
there
is
no
rain,
farming
is
difficult
or
impossible.
在没有雨水的地方，< br>耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。
They
were
good
persons.
Where
they
went,
there
they
were
warmly
welco
med.
他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You
should
have
put
the
book
where
you
found
it.
你本来应该把书放回原
来的地方。
Where
the
Communist
Party
of
China
goes,
there
the
people
are
liberated.
哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。
句型
2
：
Anywhere/
wherever
＋地点从句，＋主句。
【注意】
anywhere
本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思
相似于
wherever,
anywhere
引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。
而< br>wherever
本身就是个连词，表示
“
在何处，无论何处
”
。例如：
Wherever
the
sea
is
,
you
will
find
seamen.
有海就有海员。
3
回答者：
快乐如
3
．
原因状语从句
常用引导词：
because,
since,
as,
for
特殊引导词：
seeing
that,
now
that,
in
that,
considering
that,
given
that.
My
friends
dislike
me
because
I’m
handsome
and
success
ful.
Now
that
everybody
has
come,
let’s
begin
our
conference.
The
higher
income
tax
is
harmful
in
that
it
may
discourage
people
from
try
ing
to
earn
more.
Considering
that
he
is
no
more
than
12
years
old,
his
height
of
1.80
m
is
quite
remarkable.
4
．
目的状语从句
常用引导词：
so
that,
in
order
that
特殊引导词：
lest,
in
case,
for
fear
that
，
in
the
hope
that,
for
the
purpose
that,
to
the
end
that
The
boss
asked
the
secretary
to
hurry
up
with
the
letters
so
that
he
could
sign
them.
The
teacher
raised
his
voice
on
purpose
that
the
students
in
the
back
coul
d
hear
more
clearly.
5
．
结果状语从句
常用引导词：
so
…
that,
such
…
that,
特殊引导词：
such
that,
to
the
degree
that,
to
the
extent
that,
to
such
a
d
egree
that,
He
got
up
so
early
that
he
caught
the
first
bus.
It’
s
such
a
good
chance
that
we
must
not
miss
it.
To
such
a
degree
was
he
excited
that
he
couldn’t
sleep
last
night.
6
．
条件状语从句
常用引导词：
if,
unless,
特殊引导词：
as/so
long
as,
only
if,
providing/provided
that,
supposing
that,
i
n
case
that,
on
condition
that
We’ll
start
our
project
if
the
president
agrees.
You
will
certainly
succeed
so
long
as
you
keep
on
trying.
Provided
that
there
is
no
opposition,
we
shall
hold
the
meeting
here.
7
．
让步状语从句
常用引导词：
though,
although,
even
if,
even
though
特殊引导词：
as(
用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装
)
，
while
(
一般用在句首
)
，
n
o
matter
…
，
in
spite
of
the
fact
that,
while,
whatever,
whoever,
wherever,
wh
enever,
however,
whichever
Much
as
I
respect
him,
I
can’t
agree
to
his
proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他，
我却不同意他的建议。
The
old
man
always
enjoys
swimming
even
though
the
weather
is
rough.
No
matter
how
hard
he
tried,
she
could
not
change
her
mind.
He
won’t
listen
whatever
you
may
say.
8
．
比较状语从句
常用引导词：
as(
同级比较
),
than(
不同程度的比较
)
特殊引导词：
the
more
…
the
more
…
;
just
as
…
，
so…;
A
is
to
B
what
/
as
X
is
to
Y;
no
…
more
than;
not
A
so
much
as
B
She
is
as
bad-tempered
as
her
mother.
The
house
is
three
times
as
big
as
ours.
The
more
you
exercise,
the
healthier
you
will
be.
Food
is
to
men
what
oil
is
to
machine.
食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
9
．
方式状语从句
常用引导词：
as,
as
if,
how
特殊引导词：
the
way
When
in
Rome,
do
as
the
Roman
do.
She
behaved
as
if
she
were
the
boss.
Sometimes
we
teach
our
children
the
way
our
parents
have
taught
us.
10.
状语从句的简化
状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列 两个条件
:
①主句和从句的主语一致，
或从句主语为
it
；
②
从句主要动词是
be
的某种形式。从句中的主语和
be
动词常可省 略。例如：
When
(
the
museum
is
)
completed
,
the
museum
will
be
open
to
the
pub
lic
next
year
.
He’ll
go
to
the
seaside
for
his
holiday
if
(it
is
)
possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m
taller
than
he
(is
tall
).
The
higher
the
temperature
(is),
the
greater
the
pressure
(is
).
就状语从句而言
,
有时为了使语言言简意赅
,
常常将状语从句进行< br>
简化
。状语从
句的
简化
现象在口语 中较为普遍
,
而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此
,
有必要对其
进行 全面、透彻的了解。
状语从句的
简化
现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中
:
①由
if,
unless
等引导的条
件状语从句
;
②由
although,
though,
even
if
/
though
等引导的让步状语从句
;
③由
w
hen,
while,
as,
before,
after,
until
/
till
等引导的时间状语从句
;
④由
as,
as
if
等引
导的方式状语从句
;
⑤由
as,
than
等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一
归纳。
(1)
当状语从句的主语是
it,
且谓语动词是
be
时
,it
和
be
要完全简化掉。例如
:
If
(it
is)
possible,
he
will
help
you
out
of
the
difficulty.
如果可能的话
,
他会
帮你 摆脱困境。
You
must
attend
the
meeting
unless
(it
is)
inconvenient
to
you.
除非情况对< br>你来说不方便
,
否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时
,
从句可以将主语和
b e
动词简化掉。
常
用于以下几种情形
:
a.
连词
+
形容词
As
(he
was)
young,
he
learned
how
to
ride
a
bike.
他小时候就学会了骑自行
车。
Whenever
(she
is)
free,
she
often
goes
shopping.
她有空就去逛商店。
Work
hard
when
(you
are)
young,
or
you'll
regret.
少壮不努力
,
老大徒伤悲。
b.
连词
+
名词
While
(he
was)
a
young
boy,
he
was
always
ready
to
help
others.
他在孩提
时代就乐于助人。
Although
(he
was)
a
farmer,
now
he
is
a
famous
director.
尽管他曾是个农民
,
而现在是位着名的导演了。
c.
连词
+
现在分词
As
(she
was)
walking
along
the
river
bank,
she
was
singing
a
pop
song.
她
沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although
(he
is)
doing
his
best
in
maths
these
days,
he
has
still
got
no
go
od
marks.
尽管近来他一直在学数学
,
但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.
连词
+
过去分词
He
won't
go
there
with
us
unless
(he
is)
inv ited.
除非受到邀请
,
否则他不会和
我们一道去那里。
The
concert
was
a
great
success
than
(it
was)
expected.
这场音乐会出乎意料
地取得了巨大成功。
e.
连词
+
不定式
He
stood
up
as
if
(he
were)
to
say
something.
当时他站起来好像要说什么。
H
e
wouldn't
solve
the
problem
even
if
(he
were)
to
take
charge.
即使他来负责
,
他
也解决不了这个问题。
f.
连词
+
介词短语
She
looked
anxious
as
though
(she
was)
in
trouble.
她看上去很焦急
,
好像遇到
了麻烦。
He
had
mastered
the
English
language
before
(he
was)
in
the
USA.
他到美国
之前就懂英语了。
注意
:
当从句主语和主句主语不一致时
,
从句部分要么用完全形式
,
要么用
独立主
格结构
来表达。例如
:
When
the
meeting
was
over,
all
the
people
went
out
of
the
meeting- room.
当会议结束时
,
人们都走出了会议室。
(=The
meeting
over,
[
编辑本段
]
一、时间状语从句
概念：在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状 语从句叫做时间状语从句。
(
在复合
句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致 。）
要点
:
时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：
when
while
as
after
before
as
soon
as
since
till
/until
by
the
time
在时间
状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一 般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在
时。
当
...
的时候
Mozart
started
writing
music
when
he
was
four
years
old.
(
当
)
莫扎特
4
岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。
当
...
时
He
visited
a
lot
of
places
while
he
was
traveling.
他在旅途中参观了许多地方。
在
...
的同时；一边
...
一边
...
He
smiled
as
he
stood
up.
他一边站起来一边笑着。
在
...
之后
He
left
the
classroom
after
he
had
finished
his
homework
the
other
day.
前几天做完作业之后回的家。
在
...
之前
Mr.
Brown
had
worked
in
a
bank
for
a
year
before
he
came
here.
布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
soon
as
一
...
就
...
We
began
to
work
as
soon
as
we
got
there.
我们一到那就开始工作。
I
will
write
to
you
as
soon
as
I
get
home.
我一到家就给你写信。
自。。。以来
到现在
表示自过 去的一个起点时间到目前
(
说话时间
)
为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用
一般过去时
。
Mr
Green
has
taught
in
that
school
since
he
came
to
China
three
years
ag
o.
自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。
(
还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：
since
three
years
ago(
自三年前以
来
)
表示。
)
8
till
/until
都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中
作状语。
They
walked
till
/until
it
was
dark.
他们一直走到天黑。
Xiao
Ming
didn’t
leave
home
till
/
until
his
father
came
back.
小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。
9.
by
the
time
到。。。为止
(
所在句子的主句应用完成时
)
By
the
time
he
gets
there
,
his
father
has
already
gone.
他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。
By
the
time
I
got
to
school,
the
class
had
already
began.
我到校时，已经开始上课了。
时间状语从句（
adverbial
clause
of
time
）
1.
由
when,
while,
as
引导的时间状语从句。
例如：
When
you
think
you
know
nothing,
then
you
begin
to
know
something.
当你
以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开 始知道一些事物了。
When
truth
is
buried
under
the
ground
it
grows,
it
chokes,
it
gathers
such
an
explosive
force
that
on
the
day
it
bursts
out
,
it
blows
up
everything
with
it.
当真理被埋在地下的时候 ，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力
量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！
Strike
while
the
iron
is
hot.
趁热打铁。
Will
you
watch
my
clothes
while
I
have
a
swim.
我游泳的时候，请你照看一
下我的衣服。
You
can
feel
the
air
moving
as
your
hand
pushes
through
it.
当你的手在空
气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our
headmaster
laughed
as
she
spoke.
我们的校长边谈边笑。
when,
while
和
as
的区别
when
引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以 是瞬时动词。并且
wh
en
有时表示
“
就在那时
”
。
例如：
When
she
came
in,
I
stopped
eating.
她进来时，我停止吃饭。
(
瞬时动词
)
When
I
lived
in
the
countryside,
I
used
to
carry
some
water
for
him.
当我
住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We
were
about
to
leave
when
he
came
in.
我们就要离开，就在那时他进来
了。
While
引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发
生 （或者相对应）。并且
while
有时还可以表示对比。例如：
While
my
wife
was
reading
the
newspaper,
I
was
watching
TV.
(was
readin
g
是延续性的动词，
was
reading
和
was
watching
同时发生
)
I
like
playing
football
while
you
like
playing
basketball.
我喜欢踢足球，
而你喜
欢打篮球。（对比）
As
表示
“
一边
……
一边
”
，
as
引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动
作同时 发生；
as
也可以强调
“
一先一后。例如：
We
always
sing
as
we
walk.
我们总是边走边唱。（
as
表示
“
一边
……一边
”
）
As
we
was
going
out,
it
began
to
snow.
当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（
as
强
调句
中两 个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
as
when
while
的辨析
as
when
while
都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：
表示
“
一边。。。一边＂的意思
as
强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
用于发生时间较短时
when
1
、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前
＂或＂之后＂发生。
2
、
when
＝
and
then;
at
that
moment
(
正在那个时候
)
while
1
、用于时间较长时
2
、
强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。
lIt
was
raining
hard
when
(as)
I
got
there.
我到那里时，正在下大雨。
(
动作同时发生，
when
可换为
as,
但不能换为
whil
e
，因为
get
是点动词
.)
lWhen
I
had
read
the
article,
he
called
me.
我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。
(
从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态
表达，只能用
when
)
lWhen
I
got
to
the
cinema,
the
film
had
begun.
(
当
)
我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。
(
从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用
w
hen,
并要注意时态)
lHe
was
about
to
leave,
when
the
telephone
rang.
他正要离开，忽然电话响了。
(
此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达
“
正在
”
“
即将
”.
while,
as
不能代替
lShe
thought
I
was
talking
about
her
daughter,
while,
in
fact,
I
was
talking
about
my
daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在 谈论我女儿。
(
表转折，对比，
when,
as
都不能代替它
)
lWhile
the
alien
was
buying
a
souvenir,
the
girl
called
the
police.
外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话 。
(
表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，
while
后引导的状语从句的动词必 须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间
)
lMother
was
worried
because
little
Alice
was
ill,
especially
as
(when/
while)
father
was
away.
妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。
(
此时
as
,when,
while
可通用
)
2.
由
before
和
after
引导的时间状语从句。
注意
before
引导的从句不再用否定式的谓 语，并且当
before
引导的从句位于主
句之后，有时译成
“
就， 才
”
。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，
从句总是用现在时；< br>如果
before
引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，
则主句动词多用
过去
完成时
，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。
After
表示主句动作发生在从句 动作之后。
主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与
before
引导的从句相反。例如：
It
will
be
four
days
before
they
come
back.
他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein
almost
knocked
me
down
before
he
saw
me.
爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒
才看到我。
My
father
had
left
for
Canada
just
before
the
letter
arrived.
我父亲恰好在信
到之前去加拿大了。
They
had
not
been
married
four
months
before
they
were
divorced.
他们结
婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After
you
think
it
over,
please
let
me
know
what
you
decide.
你仔细考虑过
以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After
we
had
finished
the
work,
we
went
home.
完成工 作之后，我们回家了。
（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
3.
由
till
或
until
引导的时间状语从 句。
till
和
until
一般 情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用
until
。并且要注意
的是：如果主句 中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动
词是
延续性动词
时 ，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：
I
didn't
go
to
bed
until
（
till
）
my
father
came
back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床
睡觉。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
本文更新与2021-01-22 20:24，由作者提供，不代表本网站立场，转载请注明出处：https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/551342.html