釉下五彩英语现在完成时的用法总结

2021年1月22日发(作者：poorman)
现在完成时（
Present perfect
）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在 造成影响或后果，过去
某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

基本结构：主语
+have/has+
动词的
过去分词
(done)



①肯定句：主语
+have/has+
动词的过去分 词
+
宾语
.



②否定句：主语
+h ave/has+not+
动词的过去分词
+
宾语
.



③一般疑问句：
Have/Has+
主语
+
动词的过去分 词
+
宾语
.



④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或 词组
+
一般疑问句（
have/has+
主语
+
过去分词< br>+
其
他）




定义：

（
1
）

强调动作是过去发生的




（
2
）

强调对现在的影响或结果




（
3
）

在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。




但过去分词一定要选择准确。


[
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过去分词






AAA
式的过去分词：


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规则动词



1
、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构 成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则
相同。四点变化规则：




(1)
、一般动词，在词尾直接加
“
ed
”
。




work---worked---worked
,visit---visited---visited



(2)
、以
“
e
”
结尾的动词，只在词尾加
“
d
”
。




live--- lived---lived
,



(3)
、以
“
辅音字母

+
y
”
结尾的动词，将


变为


，再加
“
ed
”
。




study---studied---studied
,cry--- cried---cried



(4)
、
重读闭音节 结尾，
末尾只有一个辅音字母，
先双写该辅音字母，
再加
“
ed
”
。




stop---stopped ---stopped
,
drop---dropped-- dropped
不规则动词

burn---burnt
---burnt
1hide
hid
hiden
隐藏

2forget
forgot
forgoten
忘记

3see
saw
seen
看
见

4take
took



taken

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不规则动词



2
、
不规则动词
：




AAA
型




原型

过去式

过去分词




burst
burst
burst



cast
cast
cast



cost
cost
cost



cut
cut
cut



hit
hit
hit



hurt
hurt
hurt



put
put
put



set
set
set



shut
shut
shut



spread
spread
spread



let
let
let



read
read
read



led
led
led



AAB
型




beat
beat
beaten



ABA
型




become
became
become



run
ran
run



come
came
come



特殊情况




read
read
read



read
原形发音为
/ri:d /,
过去式和过去分词发音为
/red/



ABB
型




bring
brought
brought



buy
bought
bought



build
built
built



burn
burnt
burnt



catch
caught
caught



dig
dug
dug



feel
felt
felt



fight
fought
fought



find
found
found



feed
fed
fed



get
got
got



hang
hung
hung



hear
heard
heard



hold
held
held



keep
kept
kept



lay
laid
laid



lead
led
led



lose
lost
lost



leave
left
left



lend
lent
lent



make
made
made



mean
meant
meant



meet
met
met



pay
paid
paid



sell
sold
sold



shoot
shot
shot



say
said
said



sit
sat
sat



stand
stood
stood



shine
shone
shone



sweep
swept
swept



sleep
slept
slept



teach
taught
taught



tell
told
told



think
thought
thought



win
won
won



ABC
型




begin
began
begun



blow
blew
blown



break
broke
broken



choose
chose
chosen



draw
drew
drawn



drive
drove
driven



drink
drank
drunk



fly
flew
flown



forgive
forgave
forgiven



forget
forgot
forgotten



freeze
froze
frozen



give
gave
given



grow
grew
grown



know
knew
known



ride
rode
ridden



rise
rose
risen



ring
rang
rung



shake
shook
shaken



sing
sang
sung



sink
sank
sunk



swim
swam
swum



throw
threw
thrown



write
wrote
written



take
took
taken



wear
wore
worn

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用法



（
1
）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态
,
但其结果却和
现在有联系
,
也就是说
,
动作或状态发生在 过去但它的影响现在还存在
.




I
have
spent
all
of
my
money.(
含义是
:
现在我没有钱花了
.)



Jane
has
laid
the
table.(
含义是
:
现在桌子已经摆好了
.)



Michael
has
been
ill.(
含义是
:
现在仍然很虚弱
)



He
has
returned
from
abroad.
(
含义是
:
现在已在此地
)



（
2
）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的
,
持续到现在的动作（用行
为动词表示）或状态（
be
动词表示）常与
for
（
+
时间段）
,since
（
+
时间点或 过去时
的句子）连用
.




①
for+
时段




②
since+
过去一个时间点（译为：自从
……
以来）




③
since+
时段
+ago



④
since+
从句（过去时）




●
⑤
It
is+
时段
+since+
从句（过去时）




Mary
has
been
ill
for
three
days.



I
have
lived
here
since
1998.



●
注：
瞬间动词
（
buy,die,join,lose ……
）不能直接与
for
since
连用。要改变动
词




come/arrive/reach/get
to -----be
in



go
out----be
out



finish----be
over



open----be
open



die----be
dead



………………



★

代替
buy



My
brother
has
had(
不能用
has
bought)
this
bike
for
almost
four
years.



★
2
、用
keep
或
ha ve
代替
borrow



I
have
kept(
不能用
have
borrowed)
the
book
for
quite
a
few
days.



★
3
、用
be
替代
become



How
long
has
your
sister
been
a
teacher?



★
4
、用
have
a
cold
代替
catch
a
cold



Tom
has
had
a
cold
since
the
day
before
yesterday.



★
5
、用
wear
代替
put
on



b)
用
“be
＋形容词
”
代
终止性动词




1
、
be
＋
married
代
marry
2
、
be
＋
ill
代
fall
(get)
ill



3
、
be
＋
dead
代
die
4
、
be
＋
asleep
代
fall
(get)
asleep



5
、
be
＋
awake
代
wake/wake
up
6
、
be
＋
gone
代
lose, die,sell,leave



7
、
be
＋
open
代
open
8
、
be
closed
代
close/shut



9
、
be
＋
missing(go ne,lost)
代
lose



c)
用
“be
＋副词
”
代终止性动词




1“be
＋
on”
代
start,begin



2“be
＋
up”
代
get
up



3“be
＋
back(to)”
代
return
to,come
back
to,go
back
to



4“be
here
(there)”
代
come(arrive,reach,get)
here
或
go
(arrive,reach,get)
th
ere
等等




d)
用
“be
＋介词短语
”
代终止性动词




1.“be
in/at
+
地点
”
代替
go
to
/come
to



2.
用
be
in
the
army
代替
join
the
army



3.“be
in/at
+
地点
”
代替
move
to

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常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表



：




常用瞬间动词变
延续性动词
表：




1.
have
arrived
at/in
sw.
got
to/reached
sw.
come/gone/moved
to
sw.



→have
been
in
sw./at…
相应的介词




2.
have
come/gone
back/returned
→
have
been
back



3.
have
come/gone
out
→have
been
out



4.
have
become
→
have
been



5.
have
closed
/
opened→
have
been
close/open



6.
have
got
up
→
have
been
up
；




7.
have
died
→
have
been
dead
；




8.
have
left
sw.
→
have
been
away
from
sw.



9.
have
fallen
asleep/got
to
sleep
→
have
been
asleep
；




10.
have
finished/ended/completed
→
have
been
over
；




11.
havemarried
→
have
been
married
；




12.
have
started/begun
to
do
sth.
→
ha
ve
done
sth.
；




13.
have
begun
→
have
been
on



14.
have
borrowed/bought
→have
kept/had



15.
have
lost
→
haven’t
had



16.
have
put
on
→have
worn



17.
have
caught
/get
a
cold
→
have
had
a
cold
；




18.
have
got
to
know
→
have
known



19.
have/has
g
one
to
→
have
been
in



20.
have
joined/have
taken
part
in
the
league/the
Party/the
army



→have
been
a
member
of/
have
been
in/have
been
the
Party’s
member/
the
league
member/the
soldier…

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]
用法注意



：

1.
现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，
(
如表示过 去的时间状语）




如
yesterday(morn ing
、
afternoon),last(morning
、
aftern oon)
等，除非与
for,sin
ce
连用
.



2.
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用




,
如
already
（肯定）
,
yet
（否定，疑问）
,
just,
before,
recently,still,
lately
等
:




He
has
already
obtained
a
scholarship.



I
haven't
seen
much
of
him
recently
(lately).



We
have
seen
that
film
before.



Have
they
found
the
missing
child
yet
?