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动名词与现在分词用法的区别
动词的
-ing
形式按功能可分为动 名词和现在分词。动词的
-ing
形式何时为动名词,何时为现在分
词。首先,我们要 从概念上区分。动词的
-ing
形式在起名词作用时,称为动名词;用作形容词或副词
时,称为现在分词。其次,我们要从用法方面区分动词的
-ing
形式是动名词还是现在分词。
一、动词的
-ing
形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语。
1
.动名词用作主语
.
Reading French is easier than speaking it.
阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Talking to him is talking to a wall.
和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
Smoking can cause cancer.
吸烟会致癌。
Growing roses is her hobby.
种玫瑰是她的爱好。
2
.有时
it
作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面
It’s nice seeing you again.
再次见到你太好了。
It was tiring driving from morning till night.
从早到晚开车很累人。
It’s a wonder meeting
you here.
在这里碰到你真是奇迹。
It was a waste of time reading that book.
看那本书是浪费时间。
3. “There is + no”
后可以用动名词作主语
There was no knowing what he could do.
他能做什么很难说。
There was no arguing with her.
没法和她争论。
二、动词的
-ing
形式用作宾语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作宾语。
1
.有许多动词可接动名词作宾语
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end.
我建议结束会议。
So you prefer living abroad?
这样说你更愿意住在国外?
He kept complaining.
他不停地抱怨。
I finished reading the book last night.
这书我昨晚看完了。
2
.有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语
He has given up playing football.
他现在不踢足球了。
Prices keep on increasing.
价格不断上涨。
三、当动词的
-ing
形式用作状语时为现在分词,动名词不可以用作状语。
现在分词及其短语可以用作状语,表示
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随
情 况等。其
动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后,也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.
我们爬到塔顶后,看到了一片壮丽的景象。(表时间)
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
我们住在乡下,交际的机会很少。(表原因)
Having money, he will buy a bigger car.
(表条件)
Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it..
(表让步)
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
1
那孩子跌倒了,头碰在门上碰破了
.
(表结果)
He stood leaning against the wall.
他靠墙站着
.
(表方式或伴随情况)
四、动名词与现在分词都可以 用作表语,当动词的
-ing
的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的
-ing
的作用相当于形容词时,动词的
-ing
为现在分词。
1
.动名词用作表语
Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是绘画。
Her job was tending the sheep.
她的工作是放羊。
The main thing is getting there in time.
首要的事是及时到达那里。
2
.现在分词用作表语
The news is encouraging.
这消息令人鼓舞。
This story is very interesting.
这个故事很有趣。
The day was so charming.
天气真是好极了。
The difference was most striking.
差别很明显。
五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作,即
:
现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有 主谓关系。
通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质,或用途或功能
. < br>两者在逻辑上无主谓
关系。因此,只能改为一个
for
加动名词的短语。
1
.动名词作定语,动名词表性质或用途或功能。
swimming pool
游泳池
drinking water
饮用水
swimming suit
游泳衣
waiting room
候车室
sleeping bag
睡袋
parking lot
停车场
sleeping pill
安眠药
writing desk
写字桌
sewing machine
缝纫机
writing paper
信纸
operating table
手术室
checking account
活期账户
diving suit
潜水衣
reading room
阅览室
diving board
跳板
playing ground
运动场
washing machine
洗衣机
boxing competition
拳击比赛
washing powder
洗衣粉
speaking contest
演讲比赛
fishing pole
钓鱼杆
fishing line
钓鱼线
2
.现在分词作定语
developing countries
发展中国家
a booming town
日渐繁荣的城镇
growing doubts
越来越大的怀疑
the existing condition
现有条件
the remaining days
剩下的岁月
lasting peace
持久的和平
a falling star
流星
the leading newspapers
主要报纸
the ruling class
统治阶级
living things
有生命的东西
the ageing population
老化的人口
the rising generation
成长的一代
六、动名词与现在分词都 可以用作补语,但现在分词用作宾语补语时,与前面的宾语构成
复合宾语。
具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词,如:
smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to
等。另外,有些使役动词如
have, set, get, catch, keep, leave
等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。
2
还有,
作 为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有
as
,
前面的动词多用
regard, consider, describe, see, think
of
等。现在分词用作 主语补语,多用在被动结构中,与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应
的动词却没这些规定。
1
.动名词用作补语
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.
我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。
(
robbing
是宾语补语)
This is called turning things upside down.
这叫做把事物颠倒了。
(
turning
是主语补语)
2
.现在分词用作补语
We found him waiting to receive us.
我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
We kept the fire burning all the time.
我们使火一直燃烧着。
They described the young man as having initiative and drive.
他们说这青年积极肯干。
He was seen going upstairs.
有人看见他上楼。
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