终点站英语语法——虚拟语气的常见类型及用法专项练习含答案

2021年1月22日发(作者：第四区)
英语语法——虚拟语气的常见类型及用法专项练习含答案


No.1

虚拟语气的常见类型和句型

(1)
由
wish
引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气

A.
用
wish
表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去
式< br>(be
动词用
were)
。

B.
用
wis h
表示对将来的愿望时，
它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：
would,
could, might+
动词原形。


用于对过去的事实表示 一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动
词形式为：
had+
动词过去分词或< br>could, would + have +
动词过去分词。

The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---
“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”

---
“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”

I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

(2)had hoped
引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为
would+
动词原形，表示一种
过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his
son became an artist later.
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner
和
would prefer
所引
起的从句中要求用过去式表示 当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情
况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：

I’d rather yo
u posted the letter right away.
我倒希望你把这封信立刻
寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可
得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨
天把这本书还了。

(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中
that
从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，
即动词要用过去式。

It’s time tha
t something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.
现在是我们该结
束讲座的时候了。

(5)as,< br>或者
whether…or…谓语多用
be
的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用 法
通常采用倒装结构：

Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they
Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The
business
of
each
day,
be
it
selling
goods
or
shipping
them,
went
quite
smoothly.
(6)
由连接词
in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that
引起的状语从
句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即
should(might, would)+
动词原形，例如：

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.
她
在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，
if it had not been for
与过去
事实相反，两个都相当于
but for
：

If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have
succeeded.
(8)
虚拟语气用于
as
if(though)
引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中 ，其动词形
式与
wish
宾语从句的形式相同。例如：
She
often
laughs
spontaneously,
and
her
good
humor
breaks
out
as
brightly
as
if
it
were
a
part
of
the
sunshine
abo ve.
她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳
光一样，常常流露 出来。

They talked as if they had been friends for years.
他们交谈着，就好像
他们是我年的老朋友一样。

She looks as if she would cry.
她看起来好像要哭了。

(9)
其它各种句型
, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only
等
等

If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head
in my hands for a cry.
No.2

特殊形式的虚拟语气

虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示 要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从
句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟 语气的构成往往
是由
should(
可省略
)+
动词原形
t hat
从句。

A.
用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that
宾语从句中，这类
动词有：

ask
要求
advise
建议
arrange
安排
beg
请求

command
命令
decide
决定
demand
要求
desire
渴望

determine
决定
insist
坚持
intend
打算
maintain
坚持主张

move
建议，动员
propose
提议
object
反对
order
命令

prefer
建议
require
需要
request
要求
resolve
下决心

recommend
推荐
suggest
建议
stipulate
约定，规定
urge
强调，促进

vote
公认，提议
decree
颁布
(
法令
) pray
请求

注意：这类动词后面除了可接
that
虚拟句以外， 也可以接
doing
或者
to do…
来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。

She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(
书面体
)
She advised us to keep the gate locked.(
口语
)
She advised keeping the gate locked.(
较随便
)
B.
用于
It is+
形容词或过去分词
+
主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：

advisable
合理的
decided
决定的
crucial
关键的
appropriate
恰当的

determined
决定的
commanded
命令的
arranged
安排的
essential
紧要的，基
本的

complied
遵照
anxious
焦急的
imperative
迫切的
important
重要的

desirable
合意的
better
较好的，更好
insistent
坚持的
desired
想要

asked
请求
keen
渴望的
incredible
难以置信的
adamant
坚定不移的

natural
自然的
insisted
坚持
necessary
必要的
suggested
建议

urgent
紧迫的
ordered
命令
shocked
震惊的
vital
极其重要的

possible
可能的
strange
奇怪的
preferable (
好一点
) proposed
提议

requested
要求的
required
要求的
recommended
推荐
resolved
决定的

probable(
可能的
) pity
可惜，憾事
shame
遗憾

注意：这类形容词后面除了可接
that
虚拟句以外，也可以
for…to do…

来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。

It is essential that he should be prepared for this.
It is essential for him to be prepared for this.
C.
用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语< br>从句中，这类名词常见的有：

advice
忠告
decision
决定
demand
要求
desire
要求、愿望

insistence
坚持
motion
提议
necessity
必要性
order
命令

preference
偏爱
proposal
提议
pray
恳求
recommendation
推荐

request
要求
requirement
要求
resolution
决心
suggestion
劝告、忠告

例如：

This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part
of their school life.
这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的
一部分。

The
motion
that
the
remark
of
the
last
speaker
be
expunged
from
the
record.
该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。

No.3

混合虚拟语气

有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间 ，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来
说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可 以错综时
间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题
目时候尤 其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者
主句都有相关的时间状语，这是解题 的关键。

Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for
something.
Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our
chairman now.
混合 虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅
是时间的不同，而重要是事实和 假设的混合。

I
would
have
gone
to
visit
him
in
the
hospital
had
it
been
at
all
possible,
but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。

Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up
examination
had
you
gone
and
explained
that
your
parents
were
ill
at
the
time.
该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟
(
如 果你去并且解释
的话
)
，但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观 事实，故
不需要用虚拟形式
had been
。

No.4

含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗 示存在虚
拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为
if
引导的条件句。常 来
表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

(1)
介词或介词短语，如
but
for,
but
that,
without,
in
case
of,
under
more
favorable condition
等。

the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If
there hadn’t been the leadership
of the party, we could not be living
a happy today.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
答案选
B
。

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
(2)
连词，如：
so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(
倘
若……)，
for
fear
that(
唯恐
)
，
in
order
that,
on
condition
that,
if
only(
要
是……就好了
)
等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he
wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he
wanted.
If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
(
注：
lest, for fear that
和
in case
引起的从句中谓语动词多用
should+
动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。
)
例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.
这位外
籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.
在
使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。

(3)
通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有
but, otherwise, unfortunately
等类
似转折词。

I
thought
the
children
when
we
returned
home,
but
they
were
still
awake.
A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping
C. had been sleeping D. would sleep
选择
B
。

(4)
形容词及其比较级

A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job
done.
(5)
分词短语

Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.
(6)
动词不定式短语。一般
intended /meant/hoped/wished/planned
或

was/were+
不定式完成式或
had intended/meant/pla nned/hoped/wished/+
不定
式一般式表示虚拟。

I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.
It would be easier to do it this way.
(7)
名词短语和名词
+and
结构

A judicious man would not have committed suicide.
A diligent student would have worked harder.
(8)
独立主格结构

All things considered, the price would be reasonable.
(9)
定语从句

Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.
(10)
情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气：

I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the
fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.
(11)
动词原形表示虚拟

动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟， 最常见于正式文体中，动词原
形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句 中
表达愿望。

God bless you!
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come).

If that be so, we shall take action at once.

虚拟语气练习题

用所给动词的适当形式填空：

Part A.
people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents.

you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes.
boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if
we _____ (tie) it up.
I had known you already _____(have) a typewriter, I _____(not, buy) one for
your birthday.
he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him.
it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone).
for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time.
it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so
much.
9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young.
is about time that fence ______(mend).
request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem.
is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it
_____(break) down yesterday.
baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say).
talked as if he _____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do)
most of it.
only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone
box.
16.-----
“Can we come in late tomorrow?”
-----
“I’d rather you _____(come) in on
tim
e.”

looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time.
always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting.
a metal ______(heat), it will expand.
20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening.
Part B.
would call you immediately if she _____(need) help.
I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now.
he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.
4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning,
I _____(not be) so wet now.
you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now.
6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my
work.
is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her.
a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down.
. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night.
would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he
does.
ic current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid.
_____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already,
come) back from abroad.
’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution
made by the science of physics.
14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive).

guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them.
_____(feel) anxious if I came home late.
if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you.
18. A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done.
you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her?
’t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week?

选择题：

1. If I _______ you, I’d join
the army.
A. am




B. was




C. were




D. would be
2. “If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”

A. will not rise




B. would not rise




C. did not rise




D. does not rise
3. If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A. are




B. will be going




C. must




D. were
4. I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.

A. could see




B. had seen




C. will see




D. will have seen
5. If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________?
A. would you buy




B. had you bought
C. would you have bought




D. would you be buying
6. If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.
A. would probably die




B. had probably died
C. probably would be died




D. would probably have died
7. ________ if you had lost your watch?
A. Hadn’t
you been upset




B. Wouldn’t you be upset

C. Weren’t you upset





D. Wouldn’t you have upset

8. -----
“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”

-----
“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”

A. have stayed




B. have stay




C. stayed




D. stay
9. If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.
A. would have lent




B. would lend
C. would have lend




D. could lend
10. ____________, John would not have failed.
A. If he has listened to me




B. Had he listened to me
C. If he listened to me




D. As he listened to me